• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2012.05a
• /
• pp.541-545
• /
• 2012

이 연구에서는 SEEP2D 모형을 사용하여 하부에 투수지반을 갖는 제방 내부의 침투흐름에 대한 수치모의를 수행하였다. 제방의 재료는 4대강사업 낙동강 제2하구둑 건설 현장에서 채취한 시료를 사용하였으며, 입도분석과 들밀도시험을 통해 구한 제방의 건조단위중량과 다짐도 및 제방의 투수계수는 각각 $1.372g/cm^3$, 93%, 1.35 m/day이다. 투수지반층과 1:3 비탈경사를 가지는 제방모형을 제작하여 연직 이차원 정상류 침투해석 모형을 해석하는 SEEP2D 프로그램을 사용하여 나온 결과 값을 수리모형 실험 결과 값과 비교하였다. 모의조건은 0.45 m, 0.50 m, 0.55 m, 0.60 m의 4가지 수위(각각 Case1~4)조건에 대하여 수리모형실험과 동일한 조건을 수치모형에 적용하였다. 수치모형의 결과는 실험결과와 비교적 일치하였지만 제방의 비탈사면이 시작하는 부분에서는 수치모형의 결과 값보다 실험결과 값이 작은 것으로 확인되었다. 각각의 조건별로 수치해와 실험 결과값을 비교해본 결과 대체적으로 비슷한 양상을 보였지만 제방의 비탈사면이 시작하는 지점부터 수치모형의 결과 값보다 실험결과 값이 작은 것으로 확인되었다. Case3의 경우 4.35 m 지점부터 6.00 m 지점까지 유출이 발생하였으며 수치모형의 결과값과 실험결과 값의 차이가 가장 작게 나타났다. 사면유출 길이는 Case4에서 가장 길게 나타났으며 최대 4.10 cm로 발생하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2012.05a
• /
• pp.654-658
• /
• 2012

국내에서 수행한 대부분의 제방 침투에 대한 수리모형실험 연구는 제체만을 대상으로 수행되었으며, 투수성 기초지반을 고려한 연구는 찾아보기 어려운 상황이다. 이 연구에서는 개정된 제방설계기준에 따른 1:3의 비탈경사와 투수성 기초지반을 가지는 제방의 침투실험을 수행하였으며, 향후 제방침투 수치모의에 필요한 검보정 자료를 확보할 목적으로 수행하였다. 부산광역시 강서구에 위치한 낙동강 제2하구둑 건설 현장에서 제체의 재료를 채취여 입도분석과 들밀도시험을 통해 제방의 건조단위중량과 다짐도 및 제방의 투수계수는 각각 $1.372g/cm^3$, 93%, 1.35 m/day이며 통일분류법의 SM에 속하는 것으로 확인하였다. 0.45 m, 0.50 m, 0.55 m, 0.60 m의 4가지 수위(각각 Case-1~4) 조건에 대하여 정상상태에 도달할 때까지 실험을 계속한 결과 각각의 실험조건별 침윤선은 대체로 동일한 양상을 보였지만 몇 지점에서 위압수두계 수위의 이상점이 발견되었다. 제방을 해체하면서 원인을 찾아본 결과 머드볼이 형성되어 있음을 확인하였으며, 침투 흐름에 상당한 영향을 미쳤을 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
• /
• v.26 no.3
• /
• pp.47-57
• /
• 2010

Yield seismic coefficient plays an important role in the estimation of permanent displacement of a soil slope subjected to earthquake using Newmark's sliding block theory. However, yield seismic coefficients currently used in practices are not mechanically rigorous since most of them are estimated using limit equilibrium methods considering equilibrium condition only. Therefore, estimation of permanent displacement of a soil slope based on existing yield seismic coefficient may cause problems. Limit analysis estimating the range of mechanically rigorous solution is thought to be effective in evaluating the validity of existing yield seismic coefficient. In this study, a simple stability chart for yield seismic coefficient useful in practices is proposed by considering various slope conditions including stability number, slope inclination, strength parameters, etc.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
• /
• v.35 no.5
• /
• pp.5-19
• /
• 2019

Considering the natural phenomenon in which steep slopes ($65^{\circ}{\sim}85^{\circ}$) consisting of rock mass remain stable for decades, slopes steeper than 1:0.5 (the standard of slope angle for blast rock) may be applied in geotechnical conditions which are similar to those above at the design and initial construction stages. In the process of analysing the stability of a good to fair continuum rock slope that can be designed as a steep slope, a general method of estimating rock mass strength properties from design practice perspective was required. Practical and genealized engineering methods of determining the properties of a rock mass are important for a good continuum rock slope that can be designed as a steep slope. The Genealized Hoek-Brown (H-B) failure criterion and GSI (Geological Strength Index), which were revised and supplemented by Hoek et al. (2002), were assessed as rock mass characterization systems fully taking into account the effects of discontinuities, and were widely utilized as a method for calculating equivalent Mohr-Coulomb shear strength (balancing the areas) according to stress changes. The concept of calculating equivalent M-C shear strength according to the change of confining stress range was proposed, and on a slope, the equivalent shear strength changes sensitively with changes in the maximum confining stress (${{\sigma}^{\prime}}_{3max}$ or normal stress), making it difficult to use it in practical design. In this study, the method of estimating the strength properties (an iso-angle division method) that can be applied universally within the maximum confining stress range for a good to fair continuum rock mass slope is proposed by applying the H-B failure criterion. In order to assess the validity and applicability of the proposed method of estimating the shear strength (A), the rock slope, which is a study object, was selected as the type of rock (igneous, metamorphic, sedimentary) on the steep slope near the existing working design site. It is compared and analyzed with the equivalent M-C shear strength (balancing the areas) proposed by Hoek. The equivalent M-C shear strength of the balancing the areas method and iso-angle division method was estimated using the RocLab program (geotechnical properties calculation software based on the H-B failure criterion (2002)) by using the basic data of the laboratory rock triaxial compression test at the existing working design site and the face mapping of discontinuities on the rock slope of study area. The calculated equivalent M-C shear strength of the balancing the areas method was interlinked to show very large or small cohesion and internal friction angles (generally, greater than $45^{\circ}$). The equivalent M-C shear strength of the iso-angle division is in-between the equivalent M-C shear properties of the balancing the areas, and the internal friction angles show a range of $30^{\circ}$ to $42^{\circ}$. We compared and analyzed the shear strength (A) of the iso-angle division method at the study area with the shear strength (B) of the existing working design site with similar or the same grade RMR each other. The application of the proposed iso-angle division method was indirectly evaluated through the results of the stability analysis (limit equilibrium analysis and finite element analysis) applied with these the strength properties. The difference between A and B of the shear strength is about 10%. LEM results (in wet condition) showed that Fs (A) = 14.08~58.22 (average 32.9) and Fs (B) = 18.39~60.04 (average 32.2), which were similar in accordance with the same rock types. As a result of FEM, displacement (A) = 0.13~0.65 mm (average 0.27 mm) and displacement (B) = 0.14~1.07 mm (average 0.37 mm). Using the GSI and Hoek-Brown failure criterion, the significant result could be identified in the application evaluation. Therefore, the strength properties of rock mass estimated by the iso-angle division method could be applied with practical shear strength.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
• /
• v.21 no.7
• /
• pp.17-26
• /
• 2020

The soft ground in the southwest coastal area composed of marine clay is greatly influenced by sediment composition, particle size distribution, particle shape, adsorption ions and pore water characteristics, tide and temperature. In addition, the geotechnical properties are very complex due to stress history, change in pore water, dissolution process and gas formation. In this study, the physical and mechanical properties of the soft ground were evaluated through field tests and laboratory tests to investigate the strength increase characteristics according to consolidation on the soft ground in the southwest coast. In addition, in order to understand the consolidation behavior of soft ground such as subsidence, pore water pressure, horizontal displacement of soil by embankment load, measuring instruments such as pore water pressuremeter, settlement gauge, inclinometer and differential settlement gauge was installed, and a piezocon penetration test was carried out step by step to confirm the increase in shear strength of the ground. Through this, it was confirmed that the shear strength of the ground is increased according to the stages of filling. In addition, by evaluating the properties of consolidation behavior, strength increase and consolidation prediction by empirical methods and theories were compared to analyze the characteristics of strength increase rate and consolidation behavior in consideration of regional characteristics.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.21 no.10
• /
• pp.267-273
• /
• 2020

Suction anchors are used for floating structures because they have advantages in installation and stability. Recently, the demand for floating structures requiring low allowable displacement has increased. Thus, it is strongly suggested that the displacement of the suction anchor be evaluated. However, conventional studies regarding suction anchors have concentrated on the capacity of the anchor, and research on the displacement of the anchor is limited. In particular, rotation is the primary behavior of a suction anchor subjected to an inclined load, and related information has been insufficient. Therefore, the main objective of this paper is to investigate the rotation behavior of a suction anchor via centrifuge model tests. The experimental parameters are the inclination of the pull-out load, anchor dimensions, and aspect ratio. The rotation values of suction anchors were compared using a series of load-rotation curves. The results show that the inclination of the load has a dominant influence on the rotation behavior of the suction anchor.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2015.05a
• /
• pp.433-437
• /
• 2015

XP-SWMM은 유한차분방법에 의한 천수방정식을 기반으로 하는 TUFLOW 엔진을 탑재하여 1차원 솔루션 엔진과 동적으로 연결하여 범람원에서의 흐름거동을 2차원으로 해석할 수 있다. 유역에서 발생한 모든 유출량은 해당 소유역의 노드(맨홀)로 유입되며 2차원 침수양상은 관로상태에 따라 노드를 통해 역류한 유출수에 의해서 폰딩(Ponding)되는 조건으로 모의한다. XP-SWMM의 침수범람 모의는 침수범람 상황을 가시적으로 보여주는데 상당한 강점을 가지고 있으나 실제 지형여건에 따른 자연현상을 엄밀하게 모델링하는데 일정부분 한계가 있다. 모형의 한계는 담수된 노드의 수위로 인한 에너지 영향(오리피스 흐름)으로 인접관로의 침수가 부가적으로 유발할 수 있다는 점이며 실제 대부분의 경사지에서의 침수상황은 노드에 유출수가 담수되지 않고 하류로 지면을 따라서 확산(Diffusion)되어 담수영향으로 인한 인접관로 침수가 추가적으로 유발되지 않을 가능성이 매우 높다. 즉, XP-SWMM의 담수허용조건, 지반고 2D연결 옵션은 유역에서의 침수발생량을 과대평가 할수 있으며 특정 유역에서는 실제 침수발생 상황과 차이가 발생 할 수 있는 것이다. 본 연구에서는 서울시 광화문 일대의 효자배수분구 우수관로를 SWMM으로 구성하고 강우조건 95mm/hr에서 노드조건을 담수허용, 2D연결, 담수없음 조건으로 모형을 수행하여 침수모의 결과를 비교, 검토하였다. 전체관로 노드조건을 담수허용, 2D연결로 설정하게 되면 담수없음 조건과 비교하여 1.2-2.8배의 침수발생량이 추가로 발생하는 것으로 검토되었다. 즉, 담수없음 조건의 경우 침수발생시 노면 수위상승 인한 동수경사 영향이 반영된 압력관로 영향이 반영되지 않아 노드간 침수발생량이 중복되지 않는다. 반면, 담수허용이나 2D연결로 모형을 수행할 경우 지면의 경사가 충분히 있는 지역에 침수가 발생하더라도 일정 수심이상의 수두(동수경사선)가 형성되어 침수를 추가로 유발하는 것으로 보인다.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
• /
• v.19 no.6
• /
• pp.534-544
• /
• 2009

The collapse of the underground cavity can cause the abrupt local subsidence of the ground surface. It can be hazardous to the stability of road and building for human activity. Therefore it is necessary to develop reinforcement methods for the filling of the underground cavity. This study was executed to improve the material quality and systems to fill the calcium-aluminate mineral $(C_{12}A_7)$ environmentally, and minimize the loss of filling materials for the steep underground cavity. Filling material which was developed in this study is composed of rapid hardening material and additives. The developed material had rapid hardening and non-separation ability in the water cavity condition, so it made the effective underground dam in the cavity with prevention of material loss when it was poured in the water cavity. Results of heavy metal leaching test for environmental assessment showed that it was environmentally suiTable material for the filling in the mine cavity.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
• /
• v.25 no.5
• /
• pp.408-416
• /
• 2015

The collapse of the underground cavities and voids, which were made for developing mineral resources, can cause the subsidence of the ground surface in the residential areas. During the Japanese colonial era and the 1960's mining boom period, lots of mines had been developed indiscriminately in Korea. Due to complicated geological conditions and mining methods, many of dangerous underground mine cavities with steep slopes had been generated at the shallow surface. Due to such conditions, it is difficult to directly apply valid foreign reclamation practice for the cavities in Korea environments. It is necessary to develop the efficient ground stabilization technologies for the Korea underground mine conditions to solve abandoned mine reclamation properly. Therefore, MIRECO and Korea government have been carrying out practical researches and technical developments together with other academic researchers and reclamation business partners, and various practical solutions such as surveying and exploration methods, proper cavity filling materials and reinforcement methods have been developed with application in the mine field. In this article, up to date technologies and R&D trends in the field of mine subsidence prevention technology are broadly reviewed to establish the future direction of a research and development.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.119-126
• /
• 2002

A reliability analysis is performed to investigate the influence of the uncertainty from few in-situ samples and inherent heterogeneity of the ground on the probability of failure for a rock cut slope. The results are compared with those of deterministic slope stability analysis. The random variables used are unit weight of the rock, the angle of potential slope of failure, and cohesion and internal friction angle of joints. It was found that the rock slope in which the factor of safety satisfied the minimum safety factor in the deterministic analysis has high probability of failure in the reliability analysis when the weak geological strata are involved in the cut slope. The probability of failure of rock slope is most sensitive to the mean and standard deviation of cohesion in rock joint among the random soil parameters included in the reliability analysis. Sensitivities of the mean values are larger than those of standard deviations, which means that accurate estimation of the mean for the in-situ geotechnical properties is important.