• Korean Security Journal
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• no.41
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• pp.153-183
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• 2014

Nowadays, proactive intelligence activities are required because of enhanced nation wide threats of terrorism and complexity of multidimensional factors of national security. South Korea not only need to draw up plans of information sharing among agencies for more effective national intelligence activities, but also have to evaluate the structure of Domestic Intelligence Agency and its right direction of activities. In this vein, this paper conducts comparative studies of structures and range of activities of intelligence Agencies by reviewing U.K, U.S.A, and France cases and suggests a potential model of 'domestic information specified agency' that we can adopt and methods to share information among agencies. The focus of this paper is on the reviewing of necessity of establishing new 'domestic information specified agency' which will mainly conduct anti-terrorism and counterintelligence activities, and its appropriate form. After reviewing the cases of U.K, U.S.A. and France, we conclude that overcoming the people's distrust about an invasion of freedom and rights caused by centralized and integrated independent intelligence agency is a prerequisite. Disputable issues of FBI, DHS, and South Korea's intelligence agency cases suggest that plans for restoring trust have to be considered if a new 'domestic information specified agency' is established in NIS. If it is established under government ministries such as MSPA focusing on implementing anti-terrorism and counterintelligence activities, organizations such as NCTC, NIC, that can carry out information sharing and cooperating with agencies concerned have to be established. Additionally, measures to solve structural problems caused by carrying out law enforcement functions by domestic information specified agency should be considered.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.109-116
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• 2018

This study examines legal regulations and major issues related to income taxation of religion in the income tax law enacted from 2018, and examines the right improvement method. The purpose of this study is to propose an improvement plan through the analytical review of the legal issues related to the income of religion in 2018 and the main issues of taxation. The results of this study are as follows: First, it is the best way to define religious income as a separate item in earned income. Second, it is the best way to apply the deduction system for earned income in the application of deductible expenses. Third, precise and transparent reporting on income of religious persons is required, and a measure should be enforced to impose withholding tax obligations. Fourth, in order to restore transparency and reliability of expenditure related to religious activities, it should be expanded to submit details of total income and expenditure of religious groups. This study provides practical implications for the related field research by providing the starting point and basic data of the discussion on the income taxation system of the religious person.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.10
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• pp.215-242
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• 2005

As CCTV can be an effective tool to prevent or suppress crime at low cost, they have been widesoread in developed countries. In spite of their effectiveness, they infringe some constitutional rights such as the right to privacy, the right of likeness and the right to control over personal information. The police and ward offices install CCTV in public areas to prevent crimes without a legal basis or standard. When information obtained in such a way is used as investigation data for the police or as an evidence in a court, it can cause serious trouble. To solve this problem, legal restriction on the installation of CCTV as should be clearer. Since current laws on public agencies' protection of personal information are too general, they are not effective enough to protect personal information. Therefore, Personal Information Protection Organic Act should be enacted to make a legal basis for protecting comprehensive personal information. It should be obvious who installs CCTVs, who pay for the cost and how they are managed. Before installation, the police and ward offices should obtain residents' consent through a public hearing or voting (on the range and purpose of installation), or conduct an impact assessment. During installation, CCTVs should be limited to prevent or suppress crimes, keep public order and void dangers. In case of making a sign of installation, it must specify its rights. After installation(operation/management phase), they should abide by principles of information protection and try not to infringe constitutional right. In the cognitive aspect, the police should constitutional rights must be secured although it is important to carry out their missions. The police should serve citizens and change to the police of communities. Citizens should understand that constitutional right can be infringed if public order is not maintained. When citizens cooperate with the police, they fear of crimes will decrease.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.13
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• pp.259-277
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• 2007

The results of realities of the Taekwondo training in Korea National Police University, Police Comprehensive Academy, National Central Police Academy, and police stations and of realities of the Taekwondo blackbelt holders are as below. 1. The Taekwondo training time of Korea National Police University is 4 hours per week for freshmen and 2 hours per week for sophomores, juniors, and seniors. 2. The Taekwondo training of Police Comprehensive Academy is basis for police lieutenants and sergeants. time for Taekwondo training is not allotted in the education course but only allotted as a liberal everyday exercise. In the chivalry master course, 71% of the course composes of basic policeman and on-site arrest techniques and pliceman chilvary such as Taekwondo, and judo. The cadets must select one item among the policeman chivalry and take Taekwondo training for 150 hours during 52 weeks acquire the first grade to be appointed as lieutenant simultaneously with the graduation. 3. The Taekwondo training for newly appointed policemen of National Central Police Academy is 104 hours of arresting criminals and self-protection. 4. In the Taekwondo training in the police stations, when a master completes more than two times of training per month, he receives the first grade by examination and be promoted by one grade each. 5. The policemen with Taekwondo black belt are more than 2.6 times of judo, 4.6 times of fencing, 5.9 times of hapgido.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.15 no.6_2
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• pp.11-17
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• 2015

Private security guard certification system was recognized as a national certification in 12. 2012 after it was first given in 2006 as a civil certification and then became a national test in 2013. Thinking it short of regulations on some of exemptible requirements as well as test-taking age limit due to the certification's specificity, the current researcher tried to present the following improvement plans. First, in taking the test, only the bottom age limit is given with no top age limit, so a regulation on its top age limit needs to be newly made so that it can select those substantially able to protect persons. Second, it can expand some of its exemptible requirements to not only police civil officials, private security guard civil officials but also military civil officials and college graduates who have taken all the courses for its primary test and have career in private security guard. Third, certain validity period can be set by standard of the date when the certification test application is accepted after retirement from related occupations so that they can maximally exert their ability in actual works. Fourth, the exemptible courses of the test must be limited to the primary test only while its hands-on test must not be exempted to meet the requirement of the ability for actual personal protection. In this manner, it's necessary that the personal protection certification system, as a national certificate, should be carefully reviewed to keep abreast with the growing civil protection industry.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.11
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• pp.87-104
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• 2006

When the character of space could be dichotomized into the existing public space and private space, social order could be maintained by public policing only, Since enormous private property was formed and private space was enlarged by the development of capitalism, however, the necessity of private policing system came to the front. The large capitalists began to establish separate policing system to protect their property and safety. However, as social alteration was further diversified scale of economy was enlarged, the character of space could not be simply explained owing to the formation of space that could not be explained by simple dichotomous division. Namely, the 3rd space was formed as middle class between public space and private space. The 3rd space created additional demand of policing besides the existing public policing and private policing. The policing system to safety such demand of policing is called hybrid policing. As policing system in which character and legal status of public policing and private policing are mixed, the hybrid policing system may be originated from the diversification of demand of policing. Johnston insists that the demand of hybrid policing system will be further increased, becoming the model of policing system in the future. In Korea, the police guard system or special guard system can be classified into the type of hybrid policing. In accordance with the trend of diversified demand of policing in the future, I suggest to develop Korean model of hybrid policing system so that it can be utilized in elevating the policing index in Korean society.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.340-347
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• 2010

Though there are many crimes on and out university campus in Korea, no one knows anything about the size or the types of campus crime. But, there are many theft crimes and sex assault in the library and one-room village near the university campus. This study suggested the establish ways and means needed to improve the campus security system, with the focus on the CPTED(Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design). Various types of crime prevention methods are being considered instead of conventional crime suppression measures. Among them, CPTED is drawing global attention. Crime prevention through environmental design is a multi-disciplinary approach to deterring criminal behavior through environmental design. CPTED strategies rely upon the ability to influence offender decisions that precede criminal acts. A truly safe campus can be achieved only through the cooperation of all students, faculty, staff and visitors. The cooperation and involvement of the entire campus community in campus crime prevention is absolutely necessary. University should adopt a series of policies and procedures designed to ensure that every possible precaution is taken to protect persons and property on campus.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.51
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• pp.153-170
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to rediscover the operation of anti-terrorism system focusing on the system approach and crisis management approach for counter terrorism in Korea. According to the results of this study, it is required to establish a link between open systems and integrative system focusing on functional linkage of counter-terrorism systems, and cooperative measures with private sectors in the dimension of governance activation. Further, it is necessary to prepare legal foundations for the cooperation with private sectors and then promote open consciousness transformation through the partnership with private security for anti-terrorism activities. In addition, in its preventive stage, it is required to prepare legal systems related to biochemical terrorism for stronger regulations through crisis-managerial approach. Next, in its preparatory stage, it is necessary to prepare education and enact named Terror Prevention Day for increasing terror safety consciousness, and then extend citizen reporting reward systems to enable citizens to participate and become interested voluntarily in terror prevention. Also, it is essential to establish the substantial training system for preparing for terror occurrence. Moreover, in its response stage, it is urgent to construct networks between related institutions to manage field and spot responses with integrative management systems through information sharing. Furthermore, in its restoration stage, it is indispensible to prepare long-term management systems for injured persons and families of the deceased from terror incidents.

• School Mathematics
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.507-520
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• 2003

본 연구는 실질적인 의미에서 학생들로 하여금 수학을 더 잘 이해할 수 있도록 돕기 위해 테크놀로지를 학교 교실에서 직접 활용하는 방안에 대한 연구이다. 특히 여기서는 수학을 가르치고 배우는 과정에서 가상학습체계가 주요한 도구로서 적용되었다. 내용은 무게중심을 택했고 12명의 중학생을 대상으로 현직교사가 직접 지도하였다. 학생들은 수업초기에 교사에 의해 소개되는 학생중심 학습활동에 강한 관심과 호기심을 보였고 집중력이 아주 강했다. 전통적인 수업방식과는 달리 학생들이 참여하였고 테크놀로지를 이용하여 전통적인 방식의 교실에서 할 수 없었던 수업의 시작은 학생들의 호기심을 자극하는데 충분하였다. 전반적으로 테크놀로지 환경에서의 수업을 선호하였지만 아직 전통적인 방식인 칠판과 분필을 이용한 수업을 선호한 학생들도 있었다. 새로운 변화도 좋지만 새로운 환경에 친화적이지 않거나 테크놀로지를 이용한 수업의 빠른 진행이 학생을 오히려 혼란하게 만들기도 하였다. 마지막으로 교사는 가상학습체계를 교실에서 활용함에 있어서 현 교육과정과 교과서를 크게 개혁하지 않아도 잘 준비되고 계획된 테크놀로지의 활용에 대한 잠재력을 확인할 수 있었다. 우리는 현재 테크놀로지의 보급에 비해 그 활용도가 낮다는 것을 잘 알고 있고 기타 입학시험이라는 현실이 교육과정과 학습방법의 개혁을 현실적으로 추진하는 것이 어려운 일임을 잘 알고 있다. 그래서 현 상황에서 테크놀로지의 사용을 가능하게 할 수 있는 방법을 모색하였다. 이미 보급된 테크놀로지와 교사와 학생의 테크놀로지에 대한 이해가 앞으로 그 잠재력을 갖고 있다고 확인하였다.보다 낮은 일반세균수 값을 보여주었다. 봄철 시료에 있어서 소규모 도계장은 본 냉각 후 도계과정을 제외하곤 모든 도계공정 단계에서 대규모 도계장보다 높은 일반 세균수의 측정값을 보여주었다. 봄철 시료의 냉각말기의 냉각수 일반세균수는 소규모 도계장이 대규모 도계장보다 높은 측정값을 보여주었다.주었다.다.㏖/s/$m^2$에서는 이앙후 각각 18일로 두 품종 모두 늦어, 약광은 유묘기에 분화되었던 분얼아를 휴면으로 유도할 수 있음을 시사하였다. 4. 유효경비율은 1220~220 $\mu$㏖/s/$m^2$에서 다산벼는 47~55%, 화성벼는 100~72%로 다산벼가 화성벼보다 낮았다. 이것은 다산벼는 무효분얼이 많다는 것을 시사하는 것으로 품종 육성시 유효경비율을 높여야 할 것이다.타났고, \circled2 회복상태에서, 10 lu$\chi$인 경우 서간에 1.26 $\mu\textrm{V}$, 야간에 1.59 $\mu\textrm{V}$였고, 100 lu$\chi$인 경우 서간에 2.63 $\mu\textrm{V}$ 야간에 3.65 $\mu\textrm{V}$였으며, 400 lu$\chi$인 경우 서간에 2.52 $\mu\textrm{V}$, 야간에 3.67 $\mu\textrm{V}$로 나타났다.히, 흉선, F냥, 비장 등의 림프구에 초기 세포용해성 감염을 일으키는데, B

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.12
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• pp.826-835
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• 2009

This study is to examine the relation between leisure constraints and participation by leisure type of security agents. By using purposive sampling method, this study collected 387 questionnaires in 14 private security service registered in 2009 at the Seoul National Police Agency. Cronbach's $\alpha$ .673. The conclusion are as follow. First, leisure constraints difference in socio-demographic characteristics such as sex, age, education level, income, position, job pattern. Second, in case of hobby and cultural activities, higher time constraints showed lesser frequency of participation, higher structural constraints showed lesser period of participation, higher personal constraints showed lesser intensity of participation. On the other hand, high time constraitns had high intensity of participation. In case of play and entertainment activities, even with high self-conscious constraints, it showed increased frequency and period of participation and high personal constraints showed increased period of participation but in contrast, higher structural constraints showed decreased frequency of participation and period. In case of viewing and appreciative activities, even with high interpersonal constraints, frequency and period of participation increased and higher time constraints also had increased period of participation. On the other hand, higher structural constraints showed decrease in frequency of participation and period.