• Title/Summary/Keyword: 경관 복원

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3D Surface Model Reconstruction of Aerial LIDAR(LIght Detection And Ranging) Data Considering Land-cover Type and Topographical Characteristic (토지피복 및 지형특성을 고려한 항공라이다자료의 3차원 표면모형 복원)

  • Song, Chul-Chul;Lee, Woo-Kyun;Jeong, Hoe-Seong;Lee, Kwan-Kyu
    • Spatial Information Research
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    • v.16 no.1
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    • pp.19-32
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    • 2008
  • Usually in South Korea, land cover type and topographic undulation are frequently changed even in a narrow area. However, most of researches using aerial LIDAR(LIght Detection And Ranging) data in abroad had been acquired in the study areas to be changed infrequently. This research was performed to explore reconstruction methodologies of 3D surface models considering the distribution of land cover type and topographic undulation. Composed of variously undulatory forests, rocky river beds and man-made land cover such as streets, trees, buildings, parking lots and so on, an area was selected for the research. First of all, the area was divided into three zones based on land cover type and topographic undulation using its aerial ortho-photo. Then, aerial LIDAR data was clipped by each zone and different 3D modeling processes were applied to each clipped data before integration of each models and reconstruction of overall model. These kinds of processes might be effectively applied to landscape management, forest inventory and digital map composition. Besides, they would be useful to resolve less- or over-extracted problems caused by simple rectangle zoning when an usual data processing of aerial LIDAR.

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A Study on the Ecological Restoration Strategies for the Disturbed Landscapes (경관훼손지의 생태적 복구방안에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Nam-Choon
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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    • v.1 no.1
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    • pp.28-44
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    • 1998
  • This study was conducted to suggest the ecological restoration strategies for the disturbed landscapes by theoretical study. Especially, it is aimed to suggest three objectives for restoration by using native plants ; (1) prevention or reduction of wind and water erosion, (2) provision of food and cover for variety of animal species, (3) improvement of the visual or aesthetic quality of disturbed sites. The main results were summarized as follows. 1. Cooperation between restoration ecologists and restoration practitioners is needed to delineate a scientific approach to restoration ; (1) Being aware of published literature that describes similar work and/or establish general principles. (2) Preparedness to carry out proper experiments to test ideas. (3) Preparedness to monitor fundamental parameters in a restoration scheme. (4) Providing information about the behavior of species. (5) Publish results. 2. There are three models of succession in theories of plant succession. The tolerance and facilitation models were recommended to ecological restoration. The inhibition model applies in most secondary succession, but the actual species which are introduced first may inhibit the germination and growth of slower-growing species, or they may prevent the growth of other species whose propagules arrive later. 3. The objectives of erosion control, wildlife habitat provision, and visual quality improvement are not mutually exclusive. However, many revegetation practices in the past have emphasized one of these aspects at the expense of the others. 4. A native plant community can be the model of ecological restoration. By stylization/abstraction of native plant community, trying to learn the most essential characteristics of community types - environmental factors ; dominant, prevalent, and "visual essence" species composition - in order to use such information in restoration. 5. After developing mass/spaces plan, match plant communities to the mass/space plan. In utilizing community grouping, there needs aesthetic ability to understand design elements. 6. Several hydrophytes such as Pennisetum saccharifluous, Themeda triandra, Cirsium pendulum show relatively good germination rates. In case of mesophytes and xerophytes, Arundinella hina, Artemisia princeps, Oenothera odorata and legumes seem to have quick-germinating abilities at barren sites. Pinus thunbergii, Rhus chinensis, Evodia daniellii, Alnus firma and Albizzia julibrissin can be considered as "late succession" woody plants because they show low germinating rates and slow growing habitat. 7. The seeds used for restoration should be collected within a certain radius of where it will be planted. Consideration in genetic issues in the collection and use of germplasm can increase the odds for successful restoration efforts. 8. The useful model in the "drift" pattern occurs so abundantly in naturally evolving landscapes. As one species diminishes in density, a second or third species are increased. Thus, dynamic interactions between species are created. Careful using of "drift phenomenon" in planting was recommended. 9. Virtually no stand of vegetation today is immune from the introduction and/or spreading of exotic species. Therefore, the perpetuation of a restored sites requires conscious monitoring and management. Thus, management would be the most important process in ecological restoration. 10. In order to keep the sites "natural", alternative management strategies would be applied in management ; Atenative management strategies are decelerating successional process, accelerating successional processes or modifying species composition. As management tools, mechanical, chemical, biological or environmental factor manipulation, e.g., fire could be used.

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Problems and Improvement Plans of River-Crossing Structures (하천횡단구조물의 문제점과 개선방안)

  • Kim, Ki Heung;Jung, Hye Ryeon
    • Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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    • 2015.05a
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    • pp.568-572
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    • 2015
  • 하천횡단구조물은 하천을 횡단하는 시설물로, 크게 농업용수 취수용 보, 하도개수시 유속제어를 위한 낙차공 등을 들 수 있으며, 각각의 설치목적에 따라 그 형태와 설계제원(높이, 마루폭, 바닥보호공의 길이 등)이 다르나, 하천을 횡단하여 인공적인 구조물을 설치하는 형태는 동일하다. 따라서, 하천횡단구조물은 홍수시 배수위 영향으로 상류에 수위상승을 초래하여 하천의 치수 안전도를 저하시킬 뿐 아니라 직하류에서는 하상의 세굴에 의하여 호안 및 제방이 파괴되는 경우도 빈번하게 발생하고 있다. 또한, 하천횡단구조물은 생태계의 이동통로로서의 종적 연속성을 차단하는 것이다. 즉 하천을 따라 거슬러 올라가는 소하성 어종(anadromous species)이나 하천에서 바다로 내려가는 강하성 어종(catadromous species)과 같은 회유성 어종의 이동을 차단하기도 하며, 회유성 어종 이외에도 치어와 성어의 성장환경이 다른 어종의 경우는 상 중 하류를 옮겨가며 성장하는 어종의 이동도 차단하고 있다. 하천횡단구조물은 치 이수적 측면에서 반드시 필요한 하천구조물로서 치수, 생태 및 경관의 측면에서 여러 가지 문제점을 가지고 있으나 지금까지는 어도설치나 기능을 상실한 보의 철거 등 소극적인 수준에 머무르고 있기에 적극적인 개선대책이 필요한 실정이다. 따라서, 하천횡단구조물로 인한 문제점을 파악하기 위하여 경남의 20개 시 군 684개의 지방 하천에 설치된 7,725개의 하천횡단구조물에 대한 전수조사를 실시하고, 구조형식, 높이, 재료, 어도 설치 여부, 세굴현황 등을 분석하였다. 하천횡단구조물의 용도별 구성비는 보가 49%, 낙차공이 51%로 나타났으며, 구조형식은 콘크리트 구조가 72%, 콘크리트 석재 구조가 25%, 석재 구조가 3%인 것으로 분석되었다. 또한, 하천횡단구조물의 본체 높이별 구성비는 0.5m 이하가 14%, 0.5~1.0m가 35%, 1.0~1.5m가 34%, 1.5~2.0m가 10%, 2.0m 이상이 7%인 것으로 조사되었다. 어도 설치는 약 9%인 669개소에 설치되어 있었으나 대부분이 어류 등의 이용하는 생태통로 기능을 발휘할 수 없는 것으로 분석되었다. 따라서, 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위해서 하폭, 하상고, 하상경사, 굴입정도, 유사량 등의 하도특성 및 용수이용 여건 등을 고려하여 유공관을 이용한 지하보, 석재 아치의 원리를 이용한 계단식 자연형 보/낙차공, 부분 램프 설치, 거석 놓기 등의 개선방안을 제안하였다. 제안된 개선방안은 하천복원 및 하천개수 사업 시행시에 반영하여 합리적인 하천복원 및 관리에 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

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Flora and Restoration Plan of Hanon Paddy Fields Made in Maar Crater, Jeju Island, South Korea (제주도 마르형 분화구 내에 형성된 하논의 식물상과 복원 방안)

  • Kim, Myung-Hyun;Nam, Hyung-Kyu;Eo, Jinu;Kwon, Soon-Ik;Song, Young-Ju
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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    • v.36 no.4
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    • pp.439-455
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    • 2018
  • Hanon made in the largest maar crater in Korea, is the only paddy field ecosystem in Jeju Island that has been conducting rice farming, for the past 500 years. Flora surveys were conducted eight times, 2015-2018, to understand floristic characteristics and a restoration plan of the study area. As a result, vascular plants of Hanon paddy fields were listed 225 taxa that consist of 55 families, 151 genera, 194 species, 1 subspecies, 25 varieties, and 4 forms. The taxonomic group including the most species, was Gramineae (36 taxa). The next families were Compositae (29 taxa), Cyperaceae (20), Leguminosae (13), and Polygonaceae (11). Biological type of the Hanon was $Th-R_5-D_4-t$ type. The rare plants revealed 3 taxa; Ottelia alismoides(L.) Pers., Acorus calamus L., Pseudoraphis ukishiba Ohwi. Endemic plant revealed 1 taxon; Saururus chinensis(Lour.) Baill. Forty three taxa were naturalized plants composed of 15 families, 24 genera, 41 species, and 2 varieties. The urbanization index and naturalized index were 13.3% and 16.9%, respectively. The Hanon has high plant diversity, including endemic plant and rare plants, and is the only rice paddy in Jeju Island. So, the Hanon has sufficient values in ecological and socio-cultural aspects, so it should be maintained continuously in the future.

A Study on the Change of Pond in the Jongmyo Shrine (종묘 지당(池塘)의 변천(變遷)에 관한 연구)

  • Oh, Jun-young;Kim, Young-mo
    • Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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    • v.49 no.4
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    • pp.64-79
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    • 2016
  • The purpose of the present study is to clarify the process of change to the pond at the Jongmyo Shrine(宗廟), from the Joseon Dynasty period to the modern and contemporary era. The consequent research results can be summarized as follows. The first record of the Jongmyo pond is confirmed in the "Annals of King Sejong(世宗實錄)". The pond, which was being constructed at the time, refers to the current upper pond(上池). A pair of islets(雙島) were constructed during the Sukjong(肅宗) period, with several trees planted on the middle islet(中池). The middle pond is thick with lotuses. In particular, the middle island on the middle pond subsequently changed into a single island(單島), which is likely to be related to the pond expansion during the reign of Youngjo(英祖). When the lower pond(下池), involving dualistic arrangement, was constructed in the modern and contemporary era, the pond of the Jongmyo Shrine underwent a drastic transformation phase. The lower pond was constructed before 1947 at the latest, and when the right side of the lower pond was filled in the mid 1980s, the dualistically arranged lower pond became a unified type of lower pond. On the other hand, the bank protections of the upper and middle ponds were constructed with earth, but was subsequently modified into its current form using stone.

Long-term Effects on Forest Biomass under Climate Change Scenarios Using LANDIS-II - A case study on Yoengdong-gun in Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea - (산림경관천이모델(LANDIS-II)를 이용한 기후변화 시나리오에 따른 산림의 생물량 장기변화 추정 연구 -충청북도 영동군 학산면 봉소리 일대 산림을 중심으로 -)

  • Choi, Young-Eun;Choi, Jae-Yong;Kim, Whee-Moon;Kim, Seoung-Yeal;Song, Won-Kyong
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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    • v.22 no.5
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    • pp.27-43
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    • 2019
  • This study applied the LANDIS-II model to the forest vegetation of the study area in Yeongdong-gun, Korea to identify climate effects on ecosystems of forest vegetation. The main purpose of the study is to examine the long-term changes in forest aboveground biomass(AGB) under three different climate change scenarios; The baseline climate scenario is to maintain the current climate condition; the RCP 4.5 scenario is a stabilization scenario to employ of technologies and strategies for reducing greenhouse gas emissions; the RCP 8.5 scenario is increasing greenhouse gas emissions over time representative with 936ppm of $CO_2$ concentration by 2100. The vegetation survey and tree-ring analysis were conducted to work out the initial vegetation maps and data for operation of the LANDIS model. Six types of forest vegetation communities were found including Quercus mongolica - Pinus densiflora community, Quercus mongolica community, Pinus densiflora community, Quercus variabilis-Quercus acutissima community, Larix leptolepis afforestation and Pinus koraiensis afforestation. As for changes in total AGB under three climate change scenarios, it was found that RCP 4.5 scenario featured the highest rate of increase in AGB whereas RCP 8.5 scenario yielded the lowest rate of increase. These results suggest that moderately elevated temperatures and $CO_2$ concentrations helped the biomass flourish as photosynthesis and water use efficiency increased, but huge increase in temperature ($above+4.0^{\circ}C$) has resulted in the increased respiration with increasing temperature. Consequently, Species productivity(Biomass) of trees decrease as the temperature is elevated drastically. It has been confirmed that the dominant species in all scenarios was Quercus mongolica. Like the trends shown in the changes of total AGB, it revealed the biggest increase in the AGB of Quercus mongolica under the RCP 4.5 scenario. AGB of Quercus mongolica and Quercus variabilis decreased in the RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenarios after 2050 but have much higher growth rates of the AGB starting from 2050 under the baseline scenario. Under all scenarios, the AGB of coniferous species was eventually perished in 2100. In particular they were extinguished in early stages of the RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenarios. This is because of natural selection of communities by successions and the failure to adapt to climate change. The results of the study could be expected to be effectively utilized to predict changes of the forest ecosystems due to climate change and to be used as basic data for establishing strategies for adaptation climate changes and the management plans for forest vegetation restoration in ecological restoration fields.

A Study on the Landscape Design Strategies for Regeneration of Post-Industrial Sites of the Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan Region in China (중국 경진당(京津唐) 지역 산업 이전적지(移轉跡地) 재생 전략 연구)

  • Zhang, Xin-Yu;Choi, Jung-Mean
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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    • v.50 no.4
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    • pp.1-19
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    • 2022
  • This study aims to discover the implications through the analysis of the characteristics and design strategies of the regeneration of the post-industrial sites in the metropolitan the Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan region. This study provides a basis for future research and theoretical strengths for post-industrial site regeneration practices. The results of the study are as follows. First, post-industrial site regeneration projects pursue diverse goals such as industrial heritage preservation, cultural creativity, and neighborhood revitalization in the Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan region. Second, in the design process, the characteristics and spatial levels of the space are enhanced by utilizing the original industrial space, incorporating transitional space, and using industrial facilities of varying heights. Third, old and new landscape elements are harmoniously integrated through the rational use of industrial relics and the appropriate addition of new elements. Fourth, the design emphasizes ecological soil restoration and the use of native and adaptable plants that have the capacity to remediate polluted soil. Fifth, the design combines modern artistic elements, such as sculpture and graffiti art to enrich the site and promote the revival of the post-industrial site. Sixth, urban events and public activities are actively programmed to vitalize the regenerated site.

A Study on the Method of Activation of Space of Gwangheemun Considering Historical and Cultural Speciality (역사·문화적 특수성을 고려한 광희문(光熙門)의 공간 활성화 방안 연구)

  • Kim, Ji Eun;Park, Eun Soo
    • Korea Science and Art Forum
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    • v.19
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    • pp.243-257
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    • 2015
  • The Cultural Heritage Administration has selected Seoul Fortress Wall as the representative heritage of Korea to be applied for being registered as UNESCO World Heritage and announced the plan to restore and organize it, which has increased the interest to the Seoul Fortress Wall, the Historical Site No. 10. The great work to make the heritage value of Walls, 4 Big Gates and 4 Small Gates composing the Seoul Fortress wall with the length of 18.627 km to be recognized worldwide has limits if it is focused only on the physical restoration. It is because the Seoul Fortress Wall represents the long historical and cultural value as the space of life which connects closely the capital city and its vicinity. We need the plan to discover and utilize historical and cultural contents of Seoul Fortress Wall and its vicinity. Especially, Gwangheemun, which is one of the four Small Gates of Seoul Fortress Wall, is a precious cultural heritage which represents the transition of fortification technology of Chosun period as the space representing ordinary people. However, now Gwangheemun and its vicinity does not stand out the charm because of passive accessibility, landscape falling behind and absence of program. This made the lack of domestic and overseas tourists and the convenient space and various contents. This reality is because the value of space has been considered simply as a cultural heritage without considering the traditional, historical and cultural specificity. Therefore, this study is aimed to find the meaning and value of Gwangheemun by discovering its own latent intangible cultural, historical and artistic resource, and to find the way to connect with Gwangheemun, the existing tangible traditional architectural space and the way of vitalizing Gwangheemun as a new space.

Spatial Distribution Pattern of Cladoceran Community in Accordance with Microhabitat Types (미소서식처 유형별 지각류 (Cladocerans)의 분포 특성)

  • Jong-Yun Choi
    • Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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    • v.38 no.3
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    • pp.324-337
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    • 2024
  • Aquatic macrophytes are important factors in determining species diversity and abundance of cladocerans, but the effects of cladocerans on plant species composition or structure have not been fully considered. In South Korea, wetlands and reservoirs that are prone to covering aquatic macrophytes are scattered across the country, so it is necessary to consider on aquatic macrophytes study, when aquatic animals including cladoceran were studied. in this study, the species and abundance of cladocerans community in six microhabitat types are investigated, and based on these results, habitat conservation and efficient management are suggested. The high species numbers and abundance of cladocerans communities were found in mixed plant communities consisting of free-floating, floating-leaved, and submerged plants. The inclusion of submerged plants in plant communities contributes significantly to the complexity of habitat structures, and may increase species and abundance of cladocenran communities. This can be compared to a plant community consisting only of free-floating and floating-leaved plants in the absence of submerged plants, thereby identifying the efficiency of submerged plants. In the mixed plant communities, species diversity was the highest due to the emergence of cladoceran species (Graptoleveris testudinaria, Ilyocryptus spinifer, and Leydigia acanthococcides) absent from other plant communities. The gradual increase in the biomass (g) of submerged plants in the mixed plant communities significantly increased the species numbers and abundance of cladoceran communities (p<0.05). This is strong evidence that the increase of submerged plants in mixed plant communities has a positive effect on efficiency as a habitat for cladocerans. Although submeged plants do not contribute significantly to their landscape/aesthetic value because they are submerged in water, they have the effect of increasing species diversity in terms of biology, so they should be considered important when creating/restoring wetlands.

A Study on source areas of stone-built cultural properties in the Gyeongju area (경주지역 석조문화재의 석재공급지에 관한 연구)

  • Cho, Ki-Man
    • Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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    • v.11 no.4
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    • pp.440-452
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    • 2005
  • The granites in the Gyeongju area are represented by the Namsan granites and the Tohamsan granodiorites. In this study I examined the geomorphological and geological characteristics of the granite landforms in the Gyeongju area. Joint, tor and corestones are most identifiable geomorphological and geological structure in the study areas. Tor in the Namsan granites is well developed and mainly composed of cubic corestones. Petrographical features of the stones used for the stone-built cultural properties are compared with those of the granites cropped out nearby. Additionally radiogenic element contents (K, Th, U) were acquired for comparison by gamma-ray spectrometer analysis. Most stones from the stone-built cultural properties in the Bulguksa Temple are very similar to the Namsan granites in terms of petrography, radiogenic elements. On the contrary almost all stones from the Seokguram Grotto share common petrographical, physical and chemical characteristics with the Tohamsan granodiorites. Therefore it can be suggested that the stones in the Bulguksa Temple were supplied from Namsan, and that the stones in the Seokgurarn Grotto were collected at nearby Tohamsan.

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