• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.61-86
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• 2024

The purpose of this study was to investigate the importance of continuous and detailed follow-up of patients after spinal surgery by reviewing the literature on epidural hematoma and the lower court ruling on lumbar MRI during the judgment on the negligence of postoperative follow-up. In the case of neglecting MRI examination or cooperation after surgery, delaying MRI examination after pain and symptom appeal after surgery, and returning home immediately after neurological symptom development after surgery, negligence in progress observation was recognized. In the case of the case where the negligence was not recognized even after the occurrence of the aftereffects by taking measures against the symptoms, and the case where the scope of the doctor's discretion for the execution of the test was recognized, It is hoped that this study will help prevent medical accidents and disputes related to follow-up after spinal surgery by increasing awareness of the importance of prompt MRI examination, diagnosis, surgical treatment, and power, especially in the case of new neurological symptoms.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.82-86
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• 2006

Purpose : The isolated microscopic hematuria is the most common abnormality detected by school urinary screening, but there is no consensus about the range of investigations and long-term outcomes of isolated hematuria in children yet. This study aims to elucidate the prognosis of hematuria and the range of diagnostic studies by follow-up results. Methods : Students with isolated hematuria who were referred to the Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center from Aug. 1990 to Feb. 2004 were analysed retrospectively. Cases that presented Through significant proteinuria(>250 mg/day), other symptoms of nephritis or renal dysfunction (creatinine clearance <85 mL/min/$1.73m^2$) were excluded. Follow-up was done every six months with checking urinalysis, serum creatinine, protein and albumin. When albuminuria was detected, 24 hour urine protein was checked. Renal biopsy was done when urine protein was over 500 mg/day. Results : A total of 331 students were enrolled in this study. There were 157 males and 174 females. The mean age at presentation was $9.9{\pm}2.3$ years(7-15 years) and mean follow-up period was $2.2{\pm}1.6$ years(1-10 years). Seventy five(22.7 percent) patients showed the resolution of microscopic hematuria. The mean resolution period was $2.6{\pm}1.7$ years(1-8 years). Eight(2.4 percent) patients developed significant proteinuria and renal biopsy was done in four of them. Two cases of mild IgA nephropathy and two of minimal change were detected. None of them developed hypertension. At the end of the follow-up, renal function had remained stable in all subsets of patients. Conclusion : The prognosis of isolated microscopic hematuria was good. This study suggests that invasive studies including renal biopsy are not necessary and a regular follow-up of urinalysis is enough for children with isolated microscopic hematuria.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2005

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between H. pylori infection and recurrent abdominal pain (RAP) in children and to evaluate the effects of eradication therapy on RAP. Methods: From January 1998 to January 2005, 166 children with RAP (61 male, 105 female) aged $10.0{\pm}3.3$ years were included. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopies were performed for all the patients. All H. pylori infected children (n=70) received the eradication therapy and were divided into two groups: Group Ia (n=52); eradicated, Group Ib (n=18); non-eradicated. H. pylori-negative children (n=96) were divided into three groups according to the medication: Group IIa (n=67); no medication, Group IIb (n=13); acid-suppressant, Group IIc (n=16); both acid-suppressant and antibiotics. Questionnaire for symptoms were asked at the first, 6th, 12th, 24th, and 36th months following the treatment (grade 0; completely resolved, grade 1; definitely improved, but there are occasional episodes of mild abdominal pain, grade 2; no change in the frequency and intensity of abdominal pain). Results: In about 90% of H. pylori positive children, RAP improved in the both H. pylori-eradicated and non-eradicated children in a follow-up survey. In about 75% of H. pylori-negative children, RAP also improved among in the three groups of patients regardless of medication. Conclusion: These results suggest that there was no correlations between improvement of RAP and eradication of H. pylori, and between improvement of RAP and medication. Consequently the reassurance that the children with RAP have no serious organic cause was important to improvement of RAP.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.1209-1217
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• 1997

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.62 no.1
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• pp.20-27
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• 2024

As a high-performance polymer, Polyetherketoneketone (PEKK) has good biocompatibility and excellent physical properties and is used in several areas, including dentistry. Many successful cases of implant-supported fixed prostheses with a PEKK framework have been reported; however, a long-term observation of the reported cases and discussion of complications are not available. In this case report, we present three cases of implant-supported fixed prostheses with a PEKK framework veneered with composite resin, lithium disilicate crown, and high-impact polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), and discuss their 6-year follow-up results.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.31 no.12
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• pp.1119-1126
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• 1998

Background: In this study, we investigated the early time course of expression of the major histocompatibility(MHC) antigens, intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1(VCAM-1), interleukin-6 and the histopathological changes in the coronary arteries of cardiac allografts exchanged between inbred mice strains that differ in one loci of class I major histocompatibility antigen (B10.BR to B10.A). Material and Method: No immunosuppressive therapy was used. Both allografts and the hearts of the recipients were harvested at 7(group 1, n=6), 15(group 2, n=6), 21(group 3, n=6), and 30(group 4, n=6) days after transplantation. They were examined by immunohistochemistry, microscopy and morphometry. All allografts had contractions at the time of harvest. Result: A strong MHC class I antigen expression was present on the endothelial and medial cells of the coronary arteries in group 1 and remained unchanged in the rest of the groups. However, MHC class II reactivity was none or very little at any time. Mild to moderate ICAM-1 expression was observed on the endothelial cells, but not on the medial cells at any time by 30 days. VCAM-1 expression was strong both on the endothelial and medial cells at any time. Moderate degree expression of interleukin-6 was observed from 7 to 30 day specimens. Histopathologically, percentage of affected vessels(vessels with intimal thickening) was less than 10 % in 7 day group and increased up to 50 % at 30 days. Mean percent narrowing of the lumen of the affected vessels revealed less than 20 % at 7 days and 40 % at 30 days. The area occupied by tropomyosin positive cells in the intimal lesion, graded from 0 to 3, showed gradual increase but remained between grade 0 to 1 by 30 days. Medial integrity was also well preserved at any time. Moderate perivascular mononuclear cell infiltration was observed at 7 days and it was progressively increased upto 30 days. Recipients' heart revealed no positive immunopathologic findings. Conclusion: In this study, the early time course of progression of the transplantation vasculopathy was demonstrated in the murine heterotopic heart transplant model.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.21-28
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• 1961

1. 본 조사는 1955년부터 1958년까지 약 4년간 서울 청량리 임업시험장 시험림내 약 5 ha 범위에 가설한 10여개의 소상에 번식한 산림조류의 번식경과미치 이용성적을 관찰한 것이다. 2. 소상이용조류 5 종중 박새 Parus major 짐야잰사두냔,북방쇠찌르레기 Sturina sturnina sturnina, 흰눈섭 황금새가 우점종으로 이용율이 높았다. 3. 박새는 침엽수림내의 우점종으로 특히 타종의 이용권내외의 임상적환경, 소나무, 잣나무 침엽수림내의 소상에서의 이용율이 좋았다. 4. 북방쇠찌르레기는 침엽수보다는 촬엽수와의 혼육림, 특히 도시부근 평지의 소림을 호서식처러 하며 식재한 종자식물 Sambucus latipinna 딱총나무, 벗나무열매를 즐겨 채식하므로 전기 재식종자식물은 본종의 유지번식상 효과적이었다. 5. 흰눈섭황금새는 활엽수나 혼육림내의 우점종으로 소상의 규격 및 구경이 제일 작으므로서 타종의 침해를 받을 우려도 적을 뿐더러 앞으로 보다 높은 이용율을 예상할 수 있다. 6. 소상이용조류중 특히 우점종에 대한 번식경과를 관찰기록하였다. 7. 소상침해동물을 조사 관찰하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.82 no.4
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• pp.914-922
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• 2021

Purpose To investigate the efficacy and safety of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) after > 10 years of follow-up. Materials and Methods This study included five patients who underwent RFA to treat PTMCs (five lesions, mean diameter 0.5 cm, range 0.4-0.7 cm) between November 2006 and December 2009. The inclusion criteria were histopathologically confirmed PTMCs, a single PTMC lesion without extrathyroidal extension, no metastasis, and ineligibility or refusal to undergo surgery. RFA was performed by a single radiologist using a radiofrequency generator and an internally cooled electrode. We retrospectively analyzed the procedure-induced complications, serial changes in ablated tumors, recurrence, and local as well as lymph node metastasis based on data obtained from medical records and radiological images. Results The mean follow-up period was 130.6 months (range 121-159 months). Three patients underwent a single RFA session, and two patients underwent two RFA sessions. We observed no procedure-induced complications. Three tumors completely disappeared after ablation, and ablation of the other two tumors resulted in the formation of a small scar that showed long-term stability (mean duration 16.8 months, range 12-27 months). At the last follow-up, no patient showed recurrence or lymph node metastasis, and serum thyroglobulin levels were within normal limits in all patients. Conclusion RFA may be effective and safe to treat low-risk PTMC in patients who refuse or are ineligible for surgery.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.28 no.4 s.69
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• pp.611-626
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• 1998

Cytokines are intercellular peptide mediators that regulate homeostasis and host defense reactions in living body. Of the diversity of cytokines in terms of biological accomplishment, interleukin $1-{\beta}$($IL-1{\beta}$) and tumor necrosis factor(TNF) are the most conspicuous cytokines with a wide variety of effects on cells involved in inflammatory and immune responses, and likely to be involved in the inflammatory pathogenesis of oral tissue as well. The present study was designed to explicate the role of $IL-1{\beta}$ on inflammatory revelation of oral tissues in mice biochemically. In the Induced arthritis by injection of 10${\mu}g$ LPS shown the relaese of 0.93 ${\mu}g$ $IL-1{\beta}$/joint with a peak at at 4-5 h. and diminished at 24t and the release of $TNF_{\alpha}$ of 1.25 ${\mu}g$/joint with a peak at 2-3h and diminished at 6h. After injection of th $IL-1{\beta}$ into the joint, the mumber of leucocytes proliferated with a peak at 4-5h and diminished at 36h and the loss of proteoglycan showed with maximum at 15-30h. After injection of $IL-1{\beta}$ into the oral tissue, cycloosygenase metabolites ($PGE_2$) accumulated in the oral tissue with dose dependant. These elucidated $IL-1{\beta}$ to be inflammatory mediator in the early phase of its pathogenesis. Intraoral injection of recombinant $IL-1{\beta}$ induced the proliferation of leukocytes in situ. $IL-1{\beta}$ took an pertinent part in the development of inflammation and the succession of cellular infiltration. The results exemplify that $IL-1{\beta}$ plays a significant role in mediating inflammatory response induced by LPS in oral tissue, the inflammatory response is regulated by $IL-1{\beta}$ at an acute phase of pathogenesis.

• Proceedings of the KOR-BRONCHOESO Conference
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• 1996.04a
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• pp.89-89
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• 1996

CS gas(0-chlorobenzylidene malononitrite)가 우리나라 및 구미 각국에 시위진압과 군 화생방 교육에 널리 사용되고 있다. 이 CS gas는 인체에 자극적인 독성물질로 작용할 수 있다고 알려져 있으나 이비인후과 영역에 미치는 영향에 대하여는 보고가 드물어 CS gas 폭로에 의해 먼저 장애를 입을 것으로 생각되는 기관점막의 구성세포들의 변화를 관찰하기 위하여 실험동물을 사용하여 실험에 임하였다. 실험에 사용되는 실험동물은 150gm 내외의 Sprague-Dawley계 흰쥐로 대조군 5마리, 실험군 24마리를 사용하였으며 실험에 사용한 CS gas는 한영화학 CO.에서 제조한 분말형 CS gas를 사용하였다. 실험방법은 1㎥ 용적의 플라스틱 chamber에 CS분말을 투입한 후 실험동물을 넣어 CS gas를 흡입시킨 후 12시간, 1일, 3일, 5일이 경과한 후 희생시켜 기관점막의 변화를 관찰한 결과 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. CS gas 흡입후 12시간이 경과한 흰쥐의 기관은 상피층이 증가되었고 위중층상피가 중층편평상피로 변화되었다. 2. CS gas 흡입후 1일 경과후는 기관상피층이 현저하게 감소되었다. 3. CS gas 흡입후 3일 및 5일 경과후 기관점막은 대조군의 것과 같이 거의 정상화되었다.