• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.369-374
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• 1987

Relationships among root yield, planting density (PD), missing plant rate (MR), leaf area index (LAI) , leaf area per plant(LAP), root weight(RW), number of harvested root(RN) and leaf fall plant rate (LFP) were investigated by survey of white ginseng plantations in Pungi and Geumsan area. In Geumsan PD was about twice than in Pungi but yield was low with high rates of MR and LFP. Yield depended on RN in high PD cultivation while on RW in low PD. The effect of MR on yield was prominent in high PD cultivation. PD showed insignificant negative correlation with yield and no clear relation with MR. RN depended on PD and was especially limited by MR, Yield depended on LAI at harvest time and especially at maximum growth time. LAI was not different between high and low PD area but depended only on RN in high PD and only on LAP in low PD area, and limited by MR in both PD. LAP depended highly on RW and this fact seems to be the very reason that LAI could not increase with the increase of PD. All fields showed the suboptimum LAI.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.44-48
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• 1986

This field experiment was conducted to determine the optimum nitrogen level and plant population for silage and grain corn cv. Suweon No. 19 at Suweon from 1981 to 1982. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. Leaf Area Index (LAI), Loding Index (LI) and stalk diameter were increased by raising nitrogen level but ear height was decreased. And tasseling date and stalk height were not influenced by nitrogen level. 2. LAI, LI and ear height were increased by raising plant population but tasseling date, stalk height and stalk diameter were decreased. 3. Numbers of missing hill and barren plants were increased by raising nitrogen and dense plant population respectively. Grain yield and total digestible dry matter yield in 5,550 plants with 10kg of nitrogen fertilization per 10a were recommendable for grain and silage corn respectively.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.21 no.2 s.51
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• pp.68-72
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• 1982

Soil environmental factors, affecting population of Fusarium spp. and root rot of Panax ginseng were investigated in the ginseng cultivated soil. In the 2-year-old ginseng cultivated soil, the number of Fusarium spp. and the amount of available phosphorus were significantly decreased as clay content was increased in the soil. Also the missing rate of ginseng plants and the amount of nitrate nitrogen appears to be decreased as clay content was increased in the soil, although, it was not statistically significant. In the 6-year-old ginseng cultivated soil, there was highly significant negative correlation(r=-0.3976, p=0.01) between the number of Fusarium spp. and that of Streptomyces spp. Relationship between root rot and the amount of available phosphorus was significantly positive (r=0.3162, p=0.05), however, there was no correlation between the two factors within same soil torture.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.115-120
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• 1981

Effect of soil water on the growth of Panax ginseng(2 years old) was investigated through pot experiment. the results were as follows. 1. Optimum soil moisture content for root yield appeared to be 65.5% of field capacity(22.1% fresh weight basis) and at 31.5%(10.7% fresh weight basis) relative growth rate was nil. 2. Under suboptimum condition of soil moisture, emergence of shoot and leaf unfolding was delayed. The rate of emergence of shoot and leaf area was also decreased while missing shoot rate was increased. 3. Root yield was positively correlated with leaf area per plant(r=0.91 **), stem diameter (r=0.73**), stem length(r=0.71 **) fresh top yield(r=0.93**) and negatively with missing shoot rate(r=-0.77**). 4. Fresh root weight showed negative correlation(r=-0.80**) with water content of root indicating that tissue is more compact when grown at sufficient water.

• Journal of Drive and Control
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.30-35
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• 2024

Domestic rice is more expensive than imported products, so it is necessary to reduce production costs to secure competitiveness. Low-density planting developed in Japan is a cultivation technology that reduces labor and production costs without yield loss. The area of low-density cultivation is continuously increasing. However, research on how rice transplanters adapt to low-density planting has not been conducted. Therefore, this study was carried out to determine the optimal working conditions of a rice transplanter for low-density planting. Three types of rice transplanters were used and treated based on 3 conveying distance levels. The number of picked seedlings, pick missing rate, the number of planted seedlings, and the mis-planted rate were investigated to evaluate planting accuracy according to the transfer distance to the seedling tray. The results showed that the number of planted seedlings was 4.31~4.95 EA with an L1 seedling tray transfer distance (horizontal 9 mm, vertical 8 mm), but the mis-planted rate was higher than in other conditions. At L2 (horizontal 9 mm, vertical 10 mm) and L3 (horizontal 11 mm, vertical 8 mm) transfer distance conditions, the number of planted seedlings were 4.89-5.68 EA and 4.69-5.66 EA, respectively, with a low mis-planted rate of less than 3%. The results showed that if the transfer distance is adjusted properly, a rice transplanter can be used for low-density planting with high planting accuracy.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.208-213
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• 1990

The parer board sludge (PBS) itself and compost sludge manure (CSM) made of sawdust, fowl droppings, and urea to the PBS were treated to garlic to determine the effects of growing characters, yield components, and nutritional compounds in the plants. 1. The differences of the rate of missing plants were not found between control and treatments. 2. Plant height of the garlic increased in the treatments of PBS and CSM rather than control. Numbers of leaf, and width of the largest leaf and stem did not have any distinct tendency to change. 3. Total weight and weight of the above ground part were highest in the treatment of 1,600kg/10a PBS, and CS-2 treatment mixed with high portion of additives. The weight of underground part and yield increased with the increase of paper board sludge, and highest in CS-2 treatment. 4. The contents of nitrogen in the plant were higher in the treatments of PBS and CSM than control. And CSM treatments had generally higher concentrations than PBS treatments. 5. In conclusion, PBS itself had nutritional effects. The PBS could be used to some crops after fermentation with adequate additives.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.39-47
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• 1981

For purpose of investigation the proper paddy field condition in performance of rice transplanter according to the various elapsed times (0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 days) after puddling and plowing (12, 15, 18 cm depth), this experiment was carried out on the paddy field located in Chil Am Dong, Jin Ju City, from April to May in 1980. The results are summarized as follows; 1. The practical working power for the elapsed time 0.5 days and plowing depth 18cm was about 0.8 ps, which was the highest among the plots, so the power out-put(2.5~3.5 p.s) of these engines are considered to be enough for the transplanting under these field conditions. 2. The percentage of slip increased proportional1y to the plowing depth and decreased proportionally to the elapsed time after puddling, and the highest and lowest percentages of slip were 42.5% in elapsed time 0.5 days, plowing depth 18 cm, and 26.5% in elapsed time 2 days, plowing depth 12 cm, respectively. 3. In the plot of elapsed time 2 days and plowing depth 12 cm, the planting distance was 13.9 cm, which was closed to the proper planting distance 14 cm. 4. The percentage of missing hill was lowest(1.5%) in the plot of elapsed time 2 days and plowing depth 12 cm. 5. The planted depth in the plot of the elapsed time 2 days and plowing depth 15 cm was 2. 95 cm, which was closed to the proper planting depth 3 cm. 6. The angle of planting postures in the plot of elapsed time 2 days and plowing depth 12 cm was $89^{\circ}$, which was closed to the desirable posture angle $90^{\circ}$. 7. The deviation from the straight transplanting line was lowest in the plot of the elapsed time 2 days and plowing depth 12 cm. 8. From the results above mentioned, it is recommended that the field condition under the elapsed time 2 days and plowing depth 12 cm is the most favorable one for the working performance of rice thansplanter.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 2017.04a
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• pp.84-84
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• 2017

직립식 마늘파종기는 마늘 종구를 한 알씩 집어 올려 중간이송컵으로 이송하는 자세교정컵과 배종부와 자세교정컵에서 낙하된 마늘종구를 땅속으로 파종하는 구조로 설계 제작되었으며,전라북도 익산시에 테스트베드를 구축하여 기계파종을 통한 파종기의 성능개선연구를 수행하였다. 기계파종은 1차년도 기존 파종기의 성능을 개선한 7조식 시제품과, 국내산과 스페인산 마늘을 파종하였으며, 11조용 참여기업의 기존 파종기를 이용하여 테스트베드에서 수행하였다. 비가 온 뒤의 땅에 파종한 라인의 샘플링 자료조사 결과(5m 구간 기준으로 체크) 결주율이 각각 17.81%, 35.6%로 평균적인 결주율이 0.57%인 일반 기상상태와 비교하면 매우 높은 결주율을 보이는 것을 알 수 있다. 마늘 파종법에 대한 결과로, 총 4가지의 파종법을 사용하였으며, 사용한 파종방법에는 2조 병목식 스페인식 파종법, 11조식 트랙터용 파종법, 7조식 트랙터용 파종법, 6조식 이양기용 파종법이다. 이 4가지 파종법 중에서 3가지 파종법에 대한 성장률에 대해서 조사를 해보았다. 11조식의 경우에는 제주도식 파종을 하여 비닐 멀칭이 되어있지 않으며, 7조식의 경우에는 비닐 멀칭이 되어있는 파종방식을 사용하였고, 2조식 병목식 스페인식 파종법의 경우에는 자유낙하 방식으로 비닐 멀칭의 유무에 따라 성장률에 대해서 조사를 하였다. 결주율은 파종된 마늘 중 샘플링한 데이터에 대해서 얼마나 파종이 잘되었는지에 퍼센트로 나타낸 것으로 11조식의 경우 비닐멀칭도 없고 비온 뒤에 파종 되어 파종시기에 문제가 있는 것으로 사료됨. 비가오지 않은 날씨에서 측정한 7조식 1차년도 성능개선 시작품의 결주율은 0.57%로 우수하게 나타났다. 발아율은 파종된 마늘 중 샘플링한 데이터에 대해서 다립파종 되어서 미성장된 것과 결주율을 합하여 퍼센트로 나타낸 것으로 시제품으로 개발한 7조식 파종기는 스페인산과 국내산 마늘의 발아율이 모두 90% 이상으로 나타났으며, 차이점은 파종시기의 차이에 따라 발아율의 차이가 있는 것으로 사료(토양, 재배환경 및 기후에 따른 변동요인이 많음)되며, 이는 파종법의 종류뿐만 아니라 비닐멀칭의 온도유지가 마늘 성장률에 얼마나 영향을 끼치는지에 대한 병행연구도 필요한 것으로 나타났다. 마늘의 성장률에 대해서는 아직 표준화, 정형화 되어있는 측정방법이 없기 때문에 이를 표준화, 정형화를 할 필요가 있다. 향후 이와 같은 결과를 토대로 직립식 마늘파종기의 성능을 더욱 개선시키는 연구를 지속적으로 수행할 계획이다.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.187-192
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• 2017

In various crops, seedlings are preferred to seeds for faster and more effective growth, so transplanters are used for them. This 2-row transplanter was developed to promote the mechanization of vegetable transplanting work which depends on human power. and it can automatically supply seedling tray and transport picked up seedling to the planting hopper. Also, we judged performance of transplanter with comparing seedling missing plant ration according to two types of pick-up method. Result of experiment, in finger-type picking up of 265 seedlings, missing plant ratio was 13.7% with 17 failures of pick-up and 15 collapse of bed soil. and In fork-type picking up of 200 seedlings, failure of pick-up was not appeared and missing plant ratio was low as 4% with 6 dropped during transfer. Therefore for 2-row automatic transplanter, fork-type pick-up device was found to be compatible.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.201-207
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• 2007

To reduce both the floatation of the seedling of rice and the failure in standing in the paddy field when the barley straw was applied to paddy field before planting the rice, we tested the effect of rice rooting with plowing methods and irrigation rates for 2 years from 2003 to 2004. This study was carried out in paddy field with Fluvio-Marine deposit in Jeonbug series and the operating accuracy and the change of soil physico-chemical properties depending on plowing methods and irrigation rates following the barley straw applying were examined. There was a less floatation of barley straw in the dry-rotaryI+water-rotaryI(DRI+WRI) plot than in the plowing+water-rotary(PL+WRI) plot. The ratio of miss-planted and floating seedling also decreased by 1.7%, 2.6% in the DRI+WRIplot compared with PL+WRI plot. The soil physical property was improved with the decreasing soil hardness, bulk density and increasing soil porosity after the application of barley straw, especially enhanced greatly in the increase of porosity, gaseous phase and with the decrease of soil hardness, bulk density of subsurface soil in DRI+WRI plot. And the change of soil chemical property were increased the content of total carbon$^{\circ}{\S}$nitrogen$^{\circ}{\S}$organic matter and available phosphate while decreased the content of exchangeable cations and available silicate after the application of barley straw. Also the content of organic matter, available phosphate and cation exchangeable capacity were increased, whereas caron/nitrogen ratio was decreased in DRI+WRI plot compared with PL+WRI plot. The number of panicles, spikelets per square meter were increased and 1,000 grains weight of hulled rice was gained more in DRI+WRI plot at irrigation rate of $500ton\;ha^{-1}$, in DRI+WRII plot at irrigation rate of $700ton\;ha^{-1}$. So the rice yields were increased by 7%, in DRI+WRI and 5% in DRI+WRII plot, respectively compared with PL+WRI plot. The result of this study indicated that the most appropriate plowing method with barley straw application on rice cultivation at double cropping in normal paddy field plain land was DRI+WRI.