• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.698-702
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• 1993

Effect of heating temperature on elution patterns of soluble carbohydrate of legume starches and the texture of starch gels was investigated. The elution profiles of soluble carbohydrate obtained by Sepharose 2B-CL showed that the larger molecules were leached as the heating temperature increased. The elution profiles of soluble carbohydrate of cow pea and mung bean starches were similar, but those of kidney bean starch were different. The gel structures of cow pea and mung bean were stable with showing high values in hardness and cohesiveness. But red bean and kidney bean gels were weak in hardness and cohesiveness. As the heating temperature rised, hardness and cohesiveness were increased in gels prepared by heating for 15 min. However, the gels made by heating for 1 hour showed that less hard and more cohesive gels from cow pea and mung bean, while harder and more cohesive gels from red bean and kidney bean were obtained as the heating temperature increased from $85^{\circ}C\;to\;95^{\circ}C$.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.26 no.12A
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• pp.2100-2108
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• 2001

A digital image watermarking algorithm is proposed that uses human visual system (HVS) and discrete wavelet transform (DWT). In this algorithm, an image is decomposed into four-level by DWT which reveals the characteristics of the human eyes and watermark is embedded into DWT coefficients using HVS. For robustness, the lowest level subbands which represent the highest frequency component are excluded in watermark embedding step and watermark is embedded into the perceptually significant coefficients (PSCs) of the rest subbands. PSCs of the baseband are selected according to the amplitude of the coefficients and PSCs of the high frequency subbands are selected by successive subband quantization (SSQ). Watermark is embedded into the PSCs of the baseband and high frequency subbands by Weber\`s law and spatial masking effect, respectively, for the invisibility and robustness. We tested the performance of the proposed algorithm compared with the conventional watermarking algorithm by computer simulation. Experimental results show that the proposed watermarking algorithm produces a better invisibility and robustness than the conventional algorithm.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2004.10b
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• pp.373-375
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• 2004

소프트웨어가 수행되는 환경은 점점 복잡해지고, 예측이 어려워지고 있지만, 소프트웨어의 자율성과 견고성을 달성하는 것은 여전히 어려운 문제 중에 하나이다. 적응형 소프트웨어는 소프트웨어의 복잡성을 해결하고 자율성과 견고성을 달성하는데 기여할 새로운 소프트웨어 개발 패러다임으로 떠오르고 있다. 적응형 소프트웨어는 환경과 자신의 상태를 인지하고 현재의 성능을 향상시킬 방법을 스스로 판단하여 소프트에어의 구조 및 행위를 변경할 수 있는 소프트웨어이다. 본 논문에서는 적응형 소프트웨어의 개발 초기단계에서 요구사항 분석 단계에서 추출된 목표와 시나리오를 이용하여 어떻게 적응형 소프트웨어의 각 기능을 정의하는 방안을 제시한다.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.436-443
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• 2003

A digital video watermarking algorithm is proposed that uses HVS and DWT. In this algorithm, each video frame is decomposed into four-level by DWT which reveals the characteristics of the human eyes and watermark is embedded into DWT coefficients using HVS. For robustness, the lowest level subbands which represent the highest frequency component are excluded in watermark embedding step and watermark is embedded into the perceptually significant coefficients (PSCs) of the rest subbands. PSCs of the baseband are selected according to the amplitude of the coefficients and PSCs of the high frequency subbands are selected by successive subband quantization (SSQ). Watermark is embedded into the PSCs of the baseband and high frequency subbands by Weber's law and spatial masking effect, respectively, for the invisibility and robustness. We tested the performance of the proposed algorithm compared with the conventional watermarking algorithm by computer simulation. Experimental results show that the proposed watermarking algorithm produces a better invisibility and robustness than the conventional algorithm.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.9B no.5
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• pp.609-614
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• 2002

Watermarking is embedding a digital signal called as watermark into images to claim the ownership. In this paper, a new digital watermarking algorithm based on DCT (Discrete Cosine Transform) which enhances invisibility and robustness is proposed to improve contentional digital watermarking method using DCT. In the proposed method, it is possible to enhance invisibility and robustness using watermark reordering in which the relative significance of original DCT coefficients can be preserved in watermarked DCT coefficients, and the distortions of original DCT coefficients can be minimized. The experimental results show that the proposed method improves invisibility approximately 9～12[dB] and is more robust to various attacks than the conventional method.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.1099-1116
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• 2019

Industrial control systems(ICS) are widely used in various industrial area and critical infrastructure. To mitigate security threats on ICS, the security assurance test for industrial control devices has been introduced and operating. The test includes testing of the security function of the device itself and testing of communication robustness. In this paper, we describe the security requirements of EDSA, Achilles, and Korea's TTA standard(security requirements for ICS). And also, we analyzed the characteristics of communication robustness test(CRT) of each certification. CRT verifies the device's operation of essential function while transmitting fuzzing and stress packets. Existing test methods are mostly focused on the embedded devices and are difficult to apply to various devices. We propose a method to test communication robustness which reflect the characteristics of control H/W, control S/W, field devices and network devices in ICS. In the future, we will apply the proposed communication robustness test to actual products and present solutions for arising issues.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.26 no.5B
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• pp.653-658
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• 2001

본 논문은 웨이블릿 변환 계수의 특성을 이용하여 영상에 워터마킹을 하는 방법을 제안하였다. 제안한 방법은 영상을 3단계 웨이블릿 변환 후 워터마크의 견고성(robustness)을 고려하여 저주파 영역 계수의 경우 인접계수간의 차이를 기준으로 워터마크를 삽입하고, HVS(Human Visual System)를 고려하여 고주파 영역 계수의 절대치를 기준으로 워터마트를 삽입하였다. 또 대역별로 반감확률을 적용한 스케일 변수를 다르게 부여함으로써 워터마크된 영상의 화질 열화를 줄일 수 있었고, 워터마크의 견고성을 증가시킴으로써 보다 안전한 디지털 컨텐츠 보호에 중점을 두고자 하였다.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.548-555
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• 2001

In this paper, we proposed a HVS(human visual system) model-based digital image watermarking which is not only invariant to rotation and translation but also more robust to lossy compression, cropping, and scaling as compared to the conventional method. Fourier transform and log-polar mapping is used to make the proposed algorithm invariant to rotation and translation, and in addition, watermark energy is embedded maximally based on spatial frequency sensitivity of HVS without the deterioration of the invisibility. As a result, the robustness of watermarking is improved both in general image processing operations such as cropping, low pass filtering, and lossy compression and in geometrical transforms such as rotation, translation, and scaling. And, by disjoint embedding of the watermark and the template without intersection, the deterioration of invisibility and robustness is prevented. Experimental results show that proposed watermarking is about 30~75 [%] more robust af compared to the conventional methods.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2000.10b
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• pp.176-178
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• 2000

자연어 파싱에 많이 사용되는 Earley 파싱 알고리즘은 입력문장에 에러(error)가 있으면 즉시 종료되기 때문에 견고한(robust) 파싱을 구현하기 어렵다. 본 논문에서 우리는 Earley 파싱 알고리즘을 보다 견고한 파싱 기법으로 만드는 방법을 제안한다. Earley 파싱을 하다가 멈추면 파싱 모드를 지역적 양방향 분석으로 전환시킨다. 에러 위치 다음에 나타나는 단어를 아일랜드(island)로 정한다. 아일랜드를 지역적으로 양방향으로 확장시켜 에어 위치까지 도달하게 한 다음 에러의 종류를 파악하고 이를 복구하는 기법을 사용함으로써 견고성을 얻을 수 있다.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.133-144
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• 2019

Objectives: To analyze the radiologic results of patients treated with bone defects treated with beta-tricalcium phostphate (β-TCP) in orthopedic surgery. Methods: Medical records of 49 patients, consisting of 24 (49.0%) men and 25 (51.0%) women were retrospectively reviewed. Graft incorporation was evaluated based on Irwin's radiologic staging. Results: The explanatory power of the total regression equation in Irwin's stage at 3 months postoperatively according to three explanatory variables, namely graft tightness, age at diagnosis, and lesion volume, was 65.6%; the explanatory power of Irwin's stage at 6 months postoperatively according to two variables, namely lesion volume and graft tightness, was 32.9%; and the explanatory power of Irwin's stage at 9 months postoperatively for two variables, namely longitudinal lesion length and graft tightness in the total regression, was 30.8%. Conclusions: Graft tightness, lesion volume, age at diagnosis, and longitudinal lesion length are the common factors affecting graft incorporation.