• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2005.05b
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• pp.183-188
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• 2005

레이더강우관측의 수문학적 적용성을 검토하고 개념적 유출모형과 분포형 유출모형에서 지점강수 및 레이더강수를 적용하여 매개변수의 민감도 및 수문곡선변화를 관찰하였다. 레이더강수의 계통적오차는 총강수량비를 이용하여 보정하였고, 이결과 레이더강수가 지점강수에 비하여 첨두강수를 더욱 양호하게 표현하고 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 지점강수와 레이더강수를 이용하여 용담댐 상류유역에 대한 유출해석을 수행하였다. 개념적모형으로는 저류함수모형을, 분포형모형으로는 실시간 홍수 조절을 목적으로 미국 Oklahoma대학에서 개발된 $V\;flo^{TM}$모형을 이용하여 테스트하였다. 결과 개념적 모형과 분포형모형 모두에서 경험식으로부터 구한 매개변수의 초기값을 이용한 수문곡선은 관측수문 곡선과 상당한 차이를 보이고 있었으나 분포형 수문곡선의 경우 천천상류지점의 수문곡선은 매개변수의 추가적 보정이 필요없을 정도로 매개변수의 초기값이 수문곡선을 잘 모의 하고 있었다. 이는 매우 고무적인 결과로서 실시간 홍수모형으로서 요구되는 중요한 특성과 동시에 물리적 기반의 분포모형의 가장 큰 장점일 수 있는 사상독립적 유역매개변수군을 구축하는데 중요한 단서가 될 것으로 보여진다.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.47 no.9
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• pp.767-776
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• 2014

Changes in climate have largely increased concentrated heavy rainfall, which in turn is causing enormous damages to humans and properties. Floods are one of the most deadly and damaging natural disasters known to mankind. The flood forecasting and warning system concentrates on reducing injuries, deaths, and property damage caused by floods. Therefore, the exact relationship and the spatial variability analysis of hydrometeorological elements and characteristic factors is critical elements to reduce the uncertainty in rainfall-runoff model. In this study, grid resolution depending on the topographic factor in rainfall-runoff models presents how to respond. semi-distribution of rainfall-runoff model using the model GRM simulated and calibrated rainfall-runoff in the Gamcheon and Naeseongcheon watershed. To run the GRM model, input grid data used rainfall (two event), DEM, landuse and soil. This study selected cell size of 500 m(basic), 1 km, 2 km, 5 km, 10 km and 12 km. According to the resolution of each grid, in order to compare simulation results, the runoff hydrograph has been made and the runoff has also been simulated. As a result, runoff volume and peak discharge which simulated cell size of DEM 500 m~12 km were continuously reduced. that results showed decrease tendency. However, input grid data except for DEM have not contributed increase or decrease runoff tendency. These results showed that the more increased cell size of DEM make the more decreased slope value because of the increased horizontal distance.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.28 no.3D
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• pp.431-436
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• 2008

Recently, the rapid development of GIS technology has made it possible to handle a various data associated with spatially hydrological parameters with their attribute information. Therefore, there has been a shift in focus from lumped runoff models to distributed runoff models, as the latter can consider temporal and spatial variations of discharge. In this research, a distributed rainfall-runoff model based on physical kinematic wave for analysis of surface and river flow was used to simulate temporal and spatial distribution of long-term discharge. The snowfall and melting process model based on Hydro-BEAM was developed, and various hydrological parameters for input data of the model was extracted from basic GIS data such as DEM, land cover and soil map. The developed model was applied for the Shonai River basin(532) in Japan, which has sufficient meteorological and hydrological data, and displayed precise runoff results to be compared to the hydrograph.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.15-23
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to investigate how the degree of distribution influences the calibration of snow and runoff in distributed hydrological models using a multi-criteria calibration method. The Hydrology Laboratory-Research Distributed Hydrologic Model (HL-RDHM) developed by NOAA-National Weather Service (NWS) is employed to estimate optimized parameter sets. We have 3 scenarios depended on the model complexity for estimating best parameter sets: Lumped, Semi-Distributed, and Fully-Distributed. For the case study, the Durango River Basin, Colorado is selected as a study basin to consider both snow and water balance components. This study basin is in the mountainous western U.S. area and consists of 108 Hydrologic Rainfall Analysis Project (HRAP) grid cells. 5 and 13 parameters of snow and water balance models are calibrated with the Multi-Objective Shuffled Complex Evolution Metropolis (MOSCEM) algorithm. Model calibration and validation are conducted on 4km HRAP grids with 5 years (2001-2005) meteorological data and observations. Through case study, we show that snow and streamflow simulations are improved with multiple criteria calibrations without considering model complexity. In particular, we confirm that semi- and fully distributed models are better performances than those of lumped model. In case of lumped model, the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) values improve by 35% on snow average and 42% on runoff from a priori parameter set through multi-criteria calibrations. On the other hand, the RMSE values are improved by 40% and 43% for snow and runoff on semi- and fully-distributed models.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.715-719
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• 2006

청계천 유역에 침투 트렌치 설치시 영향을 분포형 모형인 WEP 모형을 통하여 평가하였다. 침투 트렌치는 홍수 저감 보다는 물순환 개선에 효과가 있으나, 갈수량 증가량이 대부분 합류식 하수관에 의해 배제되는 것으로 모의되었다. 물순환 개선을 위해서는 침투 트렌치 설치에 앞서 합류식 하수관 시설의 재정비 등 유역내 저류량이 하천으로 이어질 수 있도록 하는 노력이 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Disaster Information Conference
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• 2016.11a
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• pp.226-228
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• 2016

유출해석을 하기 위한 수문 모형은 크게 분포형 모형과 집중형 모형으로 구분할 수 있다. $Vflo^{TM}$와 같은 분포형 모형은 격자 기반의 유역 특성 및 강우자료로부터 초기 매개변수 값을 추정하기 때문에 모형보정시 민감하게 반응할 수 있다. 따라서 모형 내 구성된 매개변수들의 특성과 민감도를 파악하여 유출해석을 하는 것이 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 물리적 기반의 완전분포 모형인 $Vflo^{TM}$모형을 이용하여 감천유역의 유출해석을 실시하였다. 그 후, 지표면 유출과 하도 추적에서 주요 매개변수가 미치는 영향을 분석하여 매개변수별 민감도를 평가하였다. 이 결과, 수리전도도는 유역전체 유출고에 관여하였고, 불투수율은 첨두유량에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구결과를 통해 유출고 및 유출량에 영향을 미치는 매개변수와 이에 따른 민감도를 확인할 수 있었다.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.43 no.7
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• pp.667-679
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• 2010

The distributed hydrologic model has been considerably improved due to rapid development of computer hardware technology as well as the increased accessibility and the applicability of hydro-geologic information using GIS. It has been acknowledged that physically-based distributed hydrologic model require significant amounts of data for their calibration, so its application at ungauged catchments is very limited. In this regard, this study was intended to develop a distributed hydrologic model (S-RAT) that is mainly based on conceptually grid-based water balance model. The proposed model shows advantages as a new distributed rainfall-runoff model in terms of their simplicity and model performance. Another advantage of the proposed model is to effectively assess spatio-temporal variation for the entire runoff process. In addition, S-RAT does not rely on any commercial GIS pre-processing tools because a built-in GIS pre-processing module was developed and included in the model. Through the application to the two pilot basins, it was found that S-RAT model has temporal and spatial transferability of parameters and also S-RAT model can be effectively used as a radar data-driven rainfall-runoff model.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.303-308
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• 1998

A grid-based KInematic were STOrm Runoff Model (KIMSTORM) with predicts temporal and spatial distributions of saturalted orerland flow, subsurface flow and stream flow in a watershed was developed. The model adopts the single overland flowpath algorithm and simulates surface and/or subsurface water depth at each grid element by using grid-based water balance of hydrologic components. The model which is programmed by C-language uses ASCII-formatted map data supported by the irregular gridded map of the GRASS(Geographic Resources Analysis Support System) GIS and generates the spatial distribution maps of discharge, flow depth and soil moisture within the watershed.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.29 no.1D
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• pp.145-151
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• 2009

Recently, the rapid development of GIS technology has made it possible to handle a various data associated with spatially hydrological parameters with their attribute information. Therefore, there has been a shift in focus from lumped runoff models to distributed runoff models, as the latter can consider temporal and spatial variations of discharge. This research is to evaluate the feasibility of GIS based distributed model using radar rainfall which can express temporal and spatial distribution in actual dam watershed during flood runoff period. K-DRUM (K-water hydrologic & hydaulic Distributed flood RUnoff Model) which was developed to calculate flood discharge connected to radar rainfall based on long-term runoff model developed by Kyoto- University DPRI (Disaster Prevention Research Institute), and Yondam-Dam watershed ($930km^2$) was applied as study site. Distributed rainfall according to grid resolution was generated by using preprocess program of radar rainfall, from JIN radar. Also, GIS hydrological parameters were extracted from basic GIS data such as DEM, land cover and soil map, and used as input data of distributed model (K-DRUM). Results of this research can provide a base for building of real-time short-term rainfall runoff forecast system according to flash flood in near future.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.52-67
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• 2008

Recently, frequent occurrence of flash floods caused by climactic change has necessitated prompt and quantitative prediction of precipitation. In particular, the usability of rainfall radar that can carry out real-time observation and prediction of precipitation behavior has increased. Moreover, the use of distributed hydrological model that enables grid level analysis has increased for an efficient use of rainfall radar that provides grid data at 1km resolution. The use of distributed hydrologic model necessitates grid-type spatial data about target basins; to enhance reliability of flood runoff simulation, the use of visible and precise data is necessary. In this paper, physically based $Vflo^{TM}$ model and ModClark, a quasi-distributed hydrological model, were used to carry out flood runoff simulation and comparison of simulation results with data from Imjin River Basin, two-third of which is ungauged. The spatial scope of this study was divided into the whole Imjin River basin area, which includes ungauged area, and Imjin River basin area in South Korea for which relatively accurate and visible data are available. Peak flow and lag time outputs from the two simulations of each region were compared to analyze the impact of uncertainty in topographical parameters and soil parameters on flood runoff simulation and to propose effective methods for flood runoff simulation in ungauged regions.