• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.62-70
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• 2013

The aim of this study was to analyze factors related to xerostomia in adults aged 30 years and over. The data were analyzed using the t-test, one-way ANOVA and multiple linear regression analysis in the SPSS version 12.0 program. The results were as follow. 1. The respondents who were older than 51 years old, unemployed and had less than 3 million won of average monthly income were more aware of xerostomia (p<0.05). 2. The respondents who answered poor and moderate for their general and oral health and the group with duplicate medication and comorbidity were more aware of xerostomia (p<0.05). 3. The respondents that had problems in chewing, communication, ordinary activities and complained of pain discomfort and suffered from anxiety depression were more aware of xerostomia (p<0.001). 4. The respondents that answered frequent dryness on their skin, eyes, lips, and nasal mucosa were more aware of xerostomia (p<0.001). 5. Xerostomia showed highest correlation with quality of life ($\beta$=0.436) followed by the number of medications ($\beta$=0.239), sense of entire body dryness ($\beta$=0.200), feeling of hopelessness ($\beta$=0.160) and number of oral mucosa disease symptoms ($\beta$=0.099) (p<0.05). According to the results of the study, xerostomia may cause deterioration in quality of life. Thus, it is advised to improve the patient management system among dental professions to prevent various complications caused by xerostomia and conduct regular health education on the cause and management method of xerostomia.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.93-103
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• 2016

This study consisted of descriptive research to determine the prevalence of dry eye disease using the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire targeting workers in hospitals to understand the differences between general and health related characteristics depending on whether people have dry eye disease, and to determine the influencing factors of the disease. The subjects were 502 (Male: 51, Female: 451) general hospital employees in G-city. The data were collected from October 1 to October 31, 2015. Logistic regression was used to analyze the data. The results showed that hospital workers' prevalence of dry eye disease was 76.1%. Factors influencing DED in this population included currently having or adjusting medication (OR: 4.73), among those who felt their eyes dry, those who visited clinics and received medical treatment (artificial tears) (OR: 2.37), those who felt eye dryness (OR: 2.23), and not eating regularly (OR: 0.55). Moreover, 54.0% of those who had dry eye disease reported serious conditions. Accordingly, education to manage the risk factors of the disease and improve lifestyle is needed to prevent and manage dry eye disease.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.215-224
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• 2001

서울대학교 치과병원 구강진단과에 구강건조증을 주소로 내원한 환자중 비자극 전타액 분비율이 0.2ml/min이하인 환자 40명과 구강건조증의 증상 및 징후가 없고 정상 타액분비율을 보이는 10명을 대상으로 비자극 전타액 분비율을 측정하고 타액선 스캔 검사를 실시하여 주타액선의 스캔 영상을 정량화한 후 이의 상관관계를 조사한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 구강건조증 환자군 및 정상 대조군에서 타액선 스캔 영상의 정량적 분석시 이하선 및 악하선 모두에서 좌우측 사이의 유의성 있는 차이가 없었다. 2. 타액선 스캔 영상의 정량적 분석시 구강건조증 환자군은 대조군에 비하여 악하선, 이하선 및 악하선의 합, 양측 악하선 합에서 유의한 차이를 보였다. 3. 대조군에서 타액선 스캔 영상의 정량적 수치와 비자극 전타액 분비율과는 유의성 있는 상관관계가 관찰되지 않았으나, 구강건조증 환자군에서는 유의성 있는 상관관계가 관찰되었다. 4. 구강건조증 환자군을 비자극성 전타액 분비율에 따라 세분하였을 때, 비자극 전타액 분비의 감소가 극심하여 그 측정이 불가능하였던 군은 대조군 및 나머지 구강건조증 환자군에 비하여 타액선 스캔 영상의 정량적 수치에서 유의한 차이를 보였다.

• 건강소식
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.34-35
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• 2010

우리가 외부에서 획득하는 정보의 80%를 얻게 해 주는 눈은 다른 어떤 기관보다 예민하고 섬세한 기관이기 때문에 세심한 주의가 필요하다. 건조한 날씨가 계속되고 꽃가루까지 날리는 봄, 눈이 따갑거나 뻑뻑함을 느낀다면 안구건조증을 의심해봐야 한다. 우리 자신의 소중한 눈에 생기는 가장 흔한 질환인 안구건조증, 이제 제대로 알고 스스로 보호하도록 하자.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.21-24
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• 2011

Xerostomia is subjective feeling of dry mouth, a symptom that may or may not be accompanied by hyposalivation, an objective decrease in salivary flow. There are many causes induced xerostomia like drugs, salivary gland diseases, radiation therapy to the head and neck region, Sjogren syndrome, emotional stress etc. Insufficient salivary flow creates complications with oral candidiasis, dental caries, periodontitis, halitosis, dysgeusia. So finally, these complications lead to an overall decline in quality of life. Managements of xerostomia are eliminating or alterating the etiologic factors, relieving symptoms, preventing or correcting the consequences of salivary dysfunction, treating underlying disease and stimulating salivation. One of the salivation stimulation agents studied to treat xerostomia was the pilocarpine muscarinic agonist. Pilocarpine is one of salivation stimulants, a parasympathomimetic drug and non-selective muscarinic receptor agonist. Systemic pilocarpine has been used to stimulate salivary secretion. But systemic administration of pilocarpine has limitations such as increased risk of side effects and contraindications. Side effects of systemic pilocarpine administration are sweating, urinary and gastrointestinal disturbance, risk of cardiovascular and pulmonary disorders. This drug must be used carefully by patients with controlled asthma, chronic bronchitis, pulmonary or cardiac disease. Patient with acute asthma, narrow angle glaucoma, iritis should not use pilocarpine. Like this, systemic pilocarpine has many limitations. So, many investigators also have looked at the effectiveness of topical pilocarpine. Here we present patients with xerostomia which was relieved by pilocarpine mouthwash.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.171-179
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• 2012

The aim of this study was to analyze the factors related to whole saliva flow and the xerostomia for the ground use of the materials in developing oral health improvement program and life quality improvement program. So, this study performed a questionnaire survey, targeting at 160 adults, older than 40 years, living in Gyeonggi and Incheon provinces from January to February 2011 and measured unstimulated salivary flow rate and stimulated salivary flow rate. The results are as followings. The group of participants who took gums and candies to relieve oral dryness had low stimulated whole saliva flow. The group of participants who graduated from middle schools, who separated by death, who were not healthy with menopause, and who recognized periodontal disease symptoms and tongue burning sensation recognized more symptoms of dry mouth than others. In addition, the group of participants who were not satisfied with life so much, who couldn't feel the meaning of life, and who recognized negative feelings frequently recognized symptoms of dry mouth more. Women, the group of participants who graduated from middle schools, who suffered from depressive symptoms, and who recognized halitosis had low unstimulated whole saliva flow. The group of participants who graduated from middle schools, who were not satisfied with life so much, who couldn't feel the meaning of life, and who were not satisfied with themselves had low stimulated saliva flow.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.383-389
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• 2005

Xerostomia is defined as a subjective complaint of dry mouth that may be perceived when there is insufficient mucosal wetting. However, the diagnosis and treatment of xerostomia is not that simple because of the fact that the subjective awareness of dry mouth is not always correlated with a diminution in the flow of saliva and there is always a difference between individuals in salivary flow rates needed for normal oral function. In the present study, the aim was to develop a questionnaire to evaluate the dry mouth symptoms and to analyze its reliability and usability as a diagnostic and analytic tool for xerostomia. The questionnaire which consists of 6 Visual Analogue Scale(VAS) type questions to evaluate the subjective oral dryness and 4 questions to evaluate behavior to avoid oral dryness was developed and administered twice with 1 week's interval to the healthy 88 young adults without dry mouth symptoms(44 males and 44 females; mean age was $25.6{\pm}3.1$ years in male and $24.3{\pm}2.1$ years in female). The results were as follows. 1 The intraclass correlation coefficients of 6 questions to evaluate the subjective oral dryness were as significantly high as 0.767 for the degree of oral dryness at other times of the day, 0.850 for the amount of saliva in the mouth, and 0.791 for the degree of effect on daily life due to oral dryness and as high as 0.563 for the degree of oral dryness at night or on awakening, 0.674 for the degree of oral dryness during eating, and 0.641 for the degree of difficulty in swallowing foods. 2. Cronbach's alpha value of 6 questions was 0.982. It can be concluded that the series of questions to evaluate the subjective oral dryness has high internal consistency. 3. Cohen's kappa values of 4 questions to evaluate behavior to relieve oral dryness were as significantly high as 0.850 for the frequency of keeping a glass of water at the bedside and as high as 0.506 the frequency of awakening during sleeping due to oral dryness, 0.419 for the frequency of sipping liquids to aid in eating dry foods, and 0.407 for the frequency of using a candy or chewing gum due to oral dryness. From the results, it can be concluded that the questionnaire consisting of 6 VAS type questions to evaluate the subjective oral dryness and 4 questions to evaluate behavior to relieve oral dryness has reliability of good to excellent level, and that the series of 6 VAS type questions has significantly high internal consistency to evaluate the subjective oral dryness.

• Food Engineering Progress
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.315-320
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• 2018

This study examined the effects of drying methods of Aronia melanocarpa on contents of total polyphenols and flavonoids, antioxidant activity and anti-inflammatory activity. As a result, freeze-dried aronia extract (FDAE) significantly exhibited higher contents of total polyphenols and flavonoids (155.76 mg GAE/g and 105.70 mg QE/g) than hot-air dried aronia extract (HDAE) (134.93 mg GAE/g and 82.29 mg QE/g). Also, FDAE showed greater antioxidant activity than HDAE in both DPPH and ABTS. For anti-inflammatory activity, NO production from lipopolysaccharide activated RAW264.7 cell reduced at a dose-dependent manner in both FDAE and HDAE. However, reduction rate of NO production is higher in FDAE (62.7%) than in HDAE (33.5%). These results suggest that comparatively, freeze-drying is a better method for preserving the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities and of aronia.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.61-69
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• 2017

This study was to identify the correlation between dry eye syndrome, upper extremity pain, depression and addictive smart phone use among college students. Data were collected from 286 college students using a self-report questionnaire. 15.0% of participants have an addictive smart phone use. There were significant differences by dry eye syndrome(t=-4.38, p<.001), neck pain(t=-2.60, p<.05) and depression(t=-4.15, p<.001) according to the addictive smart phone use. Dry eye syndrome(r=.332, p<.001), neck pain(r=.143, p<.05), hand pain(r=.138, p<.05) and depression(r=.402, p<.001) were positively related to addictive smart phone use. Strategies to diminish depression, and to prevent dry eye syndrome and neck pain in college students will be an important intervention component to prevent addictive smart phone use and health problems in future studies.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.67-73
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• 2008

To investigate the change of taste sensitivity which follows after treatment for xerostomia, from September, 2006 to July, 2007, we categorized the patients, who were diagnosed as xerostomia in Oral Medicine, College of Dentistry, Busan National University, as subject group and from September, 2007 to December. The patients who were not diagnosed as systemic disease were categorized as control group. The results were as follows ; 1. Taste threshold comparison showed the differences at tongue lateral, tongue tip, circumvallate papilla between subject and control. 2. Taste threshold comparison showed no difference in male between subject and control. 3. Taste threshold comparison showed decrease in whole tongue except soft palate in female. 4. Taste threshold comparison showed no difference between first and second visit, but there was a tendency to change in circumvallate papilla.