• Journal of Korean Living Environment System
• /
• v.24 no.6
• /
• pp.810-823
• /
• 2017

The envelope is important for sustainable building. Recent commercial buildings are causing thermal degradation and cooling load due to the increase of the area of the windows. Therefore, this research studied kinetic shading system which can improve energy saving and visual environment in summer. For that, this study proposed new shading system and shape considering the orientation of the building and the location of the sun. Based on this, this study analyzed the effectiveness on energy reduction and improvement of visual environment by applying the kinetic shading system proposed in this study. As the results of this study, energy reduction rate was 35% in the east, 22.9% in the south, and 30.7% in the west depending on the application location. Also, as the result of the illuminance analysis, it was found that the effect of achieving uniformity ratio of illumination was considerable.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
• /
• 2008.11a
• /
• pp.808-812
• /
• 2008

Recently, the buildings have been likely to shape Super Tall trend. Therefore, the exterior parts of the buildings come to be changed. Instead of early heavy wall structure, it is changed to light wall concept of curtain wall system. However, the curtain wall system causes lots of loads due to the external surrounding factors of building. In particular, due to the densely built-up condition in Korea, the generation of dew condensation is getting severer Since there has been no standardized process that reviews this generation of dew condensation, it is very urgent for us to prepare the reviewing process for the dew condensation for construction business managers. The purpose of this study is to assess dew condensation function of the curtain wall and provide the basic data for the provision of the future dew condensation review process by comparing and analyzing the range of generation of dew condensation as well as temperature distribution according to the change of relative humidity at the identical temperature by selecting the Unitized system and Stick system which are the representative types of curtain wall system.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2010.05a
• /
• pp.943-946
• /
• 2010

과거 시행된 수질오염물질의 농도규제 정책은 오염배출업소 증가로 인한 오염총량의 증가를 억제할 수 없어 수질개선에 한계가 나타났다. 이에 정부는 배출농도 규제방식의 수질관리로 4대강 상수원의 수질개선이 어려워 4대강 특별법 제정과 함께 목표수질기준 한도에서 유역의 오염물질 배출량을 총체적으로 관리하는 오염총량관리제도를 도입하였고, 현재 수질오염총량관리제도의 안정적 시행을 위해, 제 2단계 수질오염총량관리 대상물질 선정연구, 4대강 수계 수질오염총량관리 유황별 유달율 산정 방법 연구 등이 시행되고 있다. 이와 같은 오염총량관리를 위해서는 먼저 유역의 오염물질 발생현황과 배출 기작을 정량적으로 규명하고, 수질모델링을 실시하여 오염배출원별로 적정부하량을 할당하여야 한다. 이에 본 연구에서는 향후 활용도가 클 것으로 기대되는 QUALKO2 모형을 이용하여 TMDL시스템을 지원하고 낙동강의 수질을 예측 평가 하고자 한다. 대상유역으로는 영주 다목적댐이 위치하게 되는 내성천과 낙동강을 선정하였으며 모의 입력자료로는 최근 3년간의 평균수질을 비교대상인 현재 상태로 설정하고, 해당유역의 발생배출량에 따라 2014년, 2019년, 2024년의 저수지 모의를 통해 하천모의의 입력자료로 사용하였다. 수질모델 적용을 위해 내성천이 유입되는 지점에서 8km상류의 예천(환경부 측정망)지점에서부터 양산천 유입 후 3km 지점까지 범위를 설정하였으며 모델 구간은 "낙동강수계 오염총량관리 기본계획" 수립시 적용한 구간을 고려하여 구성하였다. 내성천 상류 영주댐 건설 지점에서부터 낙동강 본류로 합류되기 전의 구간과 낙동강 본류 구간을 구분하였으며, 수리학적 지형학적 특성을 고려하여 구간(reach)으로 구분하고 각 구간을 1km 간격의 요소(element)로 세분화하여 총 96여개의 구간과 482여개의 요소로 구성하였다. 영주댐이 건설되는 가정하에 낙동강 본류의 유량조건별, 영주댐의 방류량 조건에 따른 내성천과 낙동강 본류의 수질변화 양상 분석결과, 저수시 보다는 갈수시에 수질농도의 저감효과가 크게 나타났으며, 영주댐의 연평균방류보다는 최대방류시에 내성천과 낙동강 본류의 저감효과가 큰 것으로 분석되었다. 또한 영주댐 건설로 인한 flushing 효과와 낙동강 상류의 안동댐과의 연계시에 낙동강에서 저감효과가 가장 크게 나타났다.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
• /
• 2008.07a
• /
• pp.542-543
• /
• 2008

전력산업의 환경변화에 따라 단일 공급자였던 한전을 비롯하여 전력판매사업자, 민간부하사업자, 에너지컨설팅사업자 등 에너지관련 서비스를 제공하는 주체자(이하 ESP : Energy Service Provider)의 참여로 전력시장이 경쟁체제로의 변화가 예상된다. 이러한 주체는 전력에너지 관리 최적화를 위한 수요측의 전력자원과 정보의 통합관리가 필요하다. 또한 수요측 서비스 개선과 동시에 수익을 창출할 수 있는 부가 서비스의 개발이 또한 요구될 것이다. 최근 석유가격의 지속적인 상승으로 도매시장가격은 더욱 증가할 것으로 예상된다. 현재 우리나라는 CBP 형태의 전력시장에서 시간대별로 변하는 전력가격(SMP)에 의하여 시장가격이 정해진다. 따라서 시장가격이 높아지면 높아질수록 전력을 구입하고 있는 전력사업자의 경우 구입비의 증가로 재무 건전성 확보에 악영향을 초래한다. 따라서 효율적인 전력 수요절감을 통해 구입전력비를 절감할 수 있는 신수요관리 기법이 필요하다. 이러한 신수요관리 기법은 국가적으로는 하계수급비상 해소와 신규 건설비용 및 혼잡비용을 회피하고, 전력사업자는 구입전력비의 절감을 통해 전력도매시장가격의 안정을 도모할 수 있다. 이러한 수요절감 기법 중 수요측의 자율적인 참여 및 반응을 기반으로 하는 수요반응(Demand Response, 이하 DR)이 있으며, 이는 전력사업자와 수요 측 전력부하설비와의 양방향 통신 및 제어 인프라 구축이 필요하다. 본 논문은 이러한 DR운영에서 반드시 필요한 수요측 전력부하설비와의 양방향 통신 및 제어 인프라구축에 대한 방법 및 결과를 제시하고자 한다.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
• /
• v.27 no.4
• /
• pp.433-437
• /
• 2011

The study is conducted to evaluate loading of organic matter as seasonal changes during non-storm period into Lake Paldang which is used to a major drinking water source. Samples were taken in Lake Paldang intake during non-storm period and were analyzed loading of organic matter. From the results of the survey, improving of the water quality showed remarkable tendency depending on the changing periods from summer to fall and from fall to winter. Dilution effect from the increase of base run-off caused by the concentrated rainfall in rainy season, the characteristics of Korea's climate seems to have to be the reason. On the other hand, deteriorating of the water quality showed tendency depending on the changing periods from winter to spring and from spring to summer. Increase of Cyanobacteria etc. is explained by seasonal effects which are a small amount of the rainfall in winter and spring and gradational increase of water temperature.

• Land and Housing Review
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.109-120
• /
• 2021

Global warming due to increased carbon dioxide is perceived as one of the factors threatening the future. Efforts are being made to reduce carbon dioxide emissions in each industry around the world. In particular, environmental loads and impacts during the life cycle of SOC structures and buildings have been quantitatively assessed through a quantitative method called Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). However, the construction sector has gone through difficulty in quantitative assessment for several reasons: 1) LCI DB is not fully established; 2) the life cycle is very long; 3) the building structures are unique. Therefore, it takes enormous effort and time to carry out LCA. Rather than estimating carbon emissions with accuracy, this study aims to present a simplified estimation model that allows owners or designers to easily estimate carbon dioxide emissions with little effort, given that rapid and rough decisions regarding environmental load reduction are to be made. This study performs the LCA using data from 25 road construction projects across the country, followed by multiple regression analyses to derive a simplified carbon estimation model (SLCA). The study also carries out a comparative analysis with values estimated by performing a typical LCA. The comparison analysis shows an error rate of less than 5% for 16 road projects.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.159-167
• /
• 2000

In recent years, combined and separated sewer overflows (CSOs, SSOs) have been recognized as a significant pollution problem. To solve this problem a series of experiments were performed in a small scale Rapid Floc Settler (RFS) device to determine its ability in removing micro particles and dissolved materials from polluted waters. The RFS device is a compact physico-chemical wasterwater treatment system. Polyacrylamide (PAM) is used as a coagulant for treating stormwater in the RFS. The results of Jar test showed that PAM could be an excellent coagulant as compared with aluminum sulfate. and ferric chloride. In several experimental conditions, the influence of different variation parameters was tested to measure the efficiency of the RFS. Tests have been carried out with typical CSOs concentrations (50~1.000mg SS/L). The treatment efficiency with regard to SS and COD, which can be obtained at an overflow rate of $130m^3/m^2/day$, are 90% and 80%, respectively. Comparing other sedimentation technologies with RFS, the overflows rate of RFS is ten times faster. The distribution of particle size and number were analyzed. The RFS is suitable for the treatment of CSOs and also the removal of settleable and dissolved materials in urban stormwater runoff.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
• /
• v.9 no.4
• /
• pp.185-192
• /
• 2007

Newly constructed road is a requisite to be able to carry out BMPs (Best Management Practices) under TMDL(Total Maximum Daily Load) program of the Ministry of Environment. BMPs require pollutant source control during road construction and wash off reduction plan as well as maintenance practices subsequent to construction on the purpose of discharging the minimum wash off non-point source pollutants. The objective of this study is to provide supportive discharged data in evaluating the discharged non-point pollutant load from a highway toll gate area. It can be applied to manage non-point source pollutants on roads. The results validate the first flush phenomenon that it is known to be one of the wash off characteristics in paved area. In addition, the load per unit area and load per unit rainfall duration applying EMC are calculated. The mean load per unit rainfall duration is assessed to be $533.7mg/m^2-hr$ for TSS, $396.2mg/m^2-hr$ for COD, $17.0mg/m^2-hr$ for TN, and $4.8mg/m^2-hr$ for TP. These results show the unitload taken from monitoring are higher than the unit load suggested in the TMDL. It is important to adopt real pollutant unit for road to be able to perform BMP successfully.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.89-96
• /
• 2023

In this paper, a ferrosilicon by-product was evaluated to confirm the feasibility of recycling it as supplementary cementitious material of ordinary Portland cement in concrete. Three different levels of replacement ratio (10 %, 20 % and 30 % of total binder) were applied to find which is the most beneficial to be used as a binder. Ferrosilicon concrete was initially assessed at setting time and compressive strength. Durability was evaluated by the resistance to chloride penetration test(RCPT) and alkali-silica reaction(ASR) with a comparison to silica fume concrete due to their similarity in chemical composition. The porosimetry and X-ray diffraction analysis along with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy give information on the microstructural characteristics of the ferrosilicon concrete. It was found that 10 % ferrosilicon concrete has higher strength while 20 %, 30 % have lower strength than OPC concrete. However, chemical resistance to chloride attack is higher when replacement is increased. Compared to silica fume, the durability of ferrosilicon might be less efficient however, it is obviously beneficial than OPC. High SiO₂ content in ferrosilicon results in producing more C-S-H gel which could make denser pore structure. Most of the risk of alkali silica reaction to silicate binders through length change tests was less than 0.2 %, and both mortar using ferrosilicon and silica fume showed better resistance to alkali silica reaction as the substitution rate increased.Reuse of industrial waste rather than producing highly refined additives might reduce environmental load during manufacture and save costs.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
• /
• v.25 no.7
• /
• pp.615-628
• /
• 2004

In order to elucidate seasonal sedimentary characteristics and depositional environment after construction of seawall on macrotidal flat, a seasonal observations of surface sediments (total 450) and sedimentation rates on 4 transects have been investigated for 2 years. The eastern area of Iwon tidal flat, has been changed from semi-closed coast to open coast by construction of seawall, shows general seasonal changes similar to characteristics of open coast type, which represented both fining and bad sorted distribution due to deposition of fine sediments under low energy condition in the summer, and relatively coarser and better sorted distribution because of erosion of fine sediments in the winter. In considering angles of transects, distribution patterns of surface sediments, the northern and southern parts of eastern tidal flat are dominantly influenced by wave and tidal effects, respectively. As time goes by, the eastern tidal flat shows coarsening-trend of surface sediments caused by direct effect of tidal current, were and typhoon. Meanwhile the western area of seawall, which has been re-formed by construction seawall, is sheltered from northwesterly seasonal wind. The seasonal change pattern of western area of seawall is slightly different from that of eastern tidal flat. Mean grain size and sorting of surface sediments during spring is finer and worse than those during summer. This seasonal change pattern maybe influenced by topographic effects caused from the construction of seawall. In consideration of all result, the transport of fine sediments in the study area, which is supplied to limited sediments, shows clockwise circulation pattern that fine sediments are transported from the eastern tidal flat to the western area of seawall because of blocking of seawall in the winter and are transported reversed direction the summer. As a result, many changes have been observed in the study area after construction of seawall; however, this change is still in progress and is expected to need continuous monitoring.