• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.109-126
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• 2016

This study investigates the initiatives of Gangwon sea routes based on precedent studies on the North Pole route to suggest a multi-modal buildup of transport logistics network of Gangwon harbors for the strengthening of logistics efficiency in the Korean Peninsula. The findings were: First, the government should expand railway infrastructure in Gangwon. Second, harbors in Gangwon should each have one speciality to strengthen connection with other harbors by using railway oriented background transportation network. Third, the government should develop industries of EFEZ(East coast Free Economic Zone) in the East Sea Coast in Gangwon to connect resources from the North Pole Sea. Fourth, the government should invite the base of Araon Ho's polar research vessel to play the role of the North Pole Sea route in the near future. Fifth, the government should strengthen the role of the Samcheock LNG base under construction. SIxth, environment-friendly transportation technology should be introduced to reduce carbon emission as much as possible. Lastly, an optimum North Pole logistics route should be developed to connect the Metropolitan area(Metropolitan Economic Zone), Gangwon roads and railway, Gangwon habor, Trans-Siberian Railway and thw North Pole route, and Europe, to strengthen national foreign trade power in the near future.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.83-92
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• 2005

The aim of this study was to investigate damage conditions of cut slope structures due to acid rock drainage (ARB) and to assess the acid production potential of various rocks. Acid rock drainage is produced by the oxidation of sulfide minerals contained in coal mine zone and mineralization belt of Pyeongan supergroup and Ogcheon group, pyrite-bearing andesite, and Tertiary acid sulfate soils in Korea. Most of cut slopes producing ARB have been treated with shotcrete to reduce ARD. According to the field observations, ARD had an adverse effect on slope structures. The corrosion of shotcrete, anchors and rock bolts and the bad germination and growth diseases of covering plants due to ARD were observed in the field. The concentration of heavy metals and pH of ARD from cut slope exceeded the environmental standard, indicating a high potential of environmental pollution of surrounding soil, surface water and ground water by the ARD. According to acid base accounting (ABA) of the studied samples, hydrothermally altered volcanic rocks, tuffs, coaly shales, tailings of metallic mine had a relatively high potential of acid production but gneiss and granite had no or less acid production potential. It is expected that the number of cut slopes will increase hereafter considering the present construction trend. In order to reduce the adverse effect of ARD in construction sites, we need to secure the data base for potential ARD producing area and to develop the ARD reduction technologies suitable.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.57-63
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• 2010

The bearing wall apartments which occupy the majority of multi-residential apartment buildings built in Korea, are known for having limited architectural plan flexibility, posing challenges in terms of maintenance and remodeling. The economic losses and environmental issues resulting from the reconstruction of bearing wall apartments are now accumulating to the extent that they are becoming a national concern. Multi-residential apartment buildings, which are now the dominant form of residence in Korea, must accommodate diverse customer needs and changes in life style. A new concept of Rahmen structure with architectural flexibility is Green Frame. GF multi-residence housing is expected to reduce construction costs and shorten the construction schedule by overcoming the shortcomings of conventional bearing wall apartments. This goal is consistent with the national policies that target the reduction of resource and energy consumption. In addition, GF will be established as a core contributor to achieving a reduction in $CO_2$ emissions, which will enable the sustainable growth of domestic construction industry, and address the low-carbon green growth drive implemented by the government.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.439-450
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• 2003

Flat plate system has been adopted in many buildings constructed recently because of the advantage of reduced floor heights to meet the economical and architectural demands. Structural engineers commonly use the effective beam width model(EBWM) in practical engineering for the analysis of flat plate structures. However, in many cases, when it is difficult to use the EBWM, it is necessary to use a refined finite element model for an accurate analysis. But it would take significant amount of computational time and memory if the entire building structure was subdivided with finer meshes. An efficient analytical method is proposed in this study to obtain accurate results in significantly reduced computational time. The proposed method employs super elements developed using the matrix condensation technique and fictitious beams are used in the development of super elements to enforce the compatibility at the interfaces of super elements. The stiffness degradation of flat plate system considered in the EBWM was taken into account by reducing the elastic modulus of floor slabs in this study. Static and dynamic analyses of example structures were performed and the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed method were verified by comparing the results with those of the refined finite element model and the EBWM.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.225-236
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• 2020

It is not easy to provide sufficient lead time for flood forecast in urban and small mountain basins using on-ground rain gauges, because the time concentration in those basins is too short. In urban and small mountain basins with a short lag-time between precipitation and following flood events, it is more important to secure forecast lead times by predicting rainfall amounts. The Han River Flood Control Office (HRFCO) in South Korea produces short-term rainfall forecasts using the Mcgill Algorithm for Precipitation-nowcast by Lagrangian Extrapolation (MAPLE) algorithm that converts radar reflectance of rainfall events. The Flash Flood Research Center (FFRC) in the Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology (KICT) installed a flash flood forecasting system using the short-term rainfall forecast data produced by the HRFCO and has provided flash flood information in a local lvel with 1-hour lead time since 2019. In this study, we addressed the flash flood forecasting system based on the radar rainfall and the assessed the accuracy of the forecasting system for the recorded flood events occurred in 2019. A total of 31 flood disaster cases were used to evaluate the accuracy and the forecast accuracy was 90.3% based on the probability of detection.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.227-234
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• 2018

Concrete mix design controls the various concrete properties such as workability and strength. Fresh concrete requires workability and the hardened concrete requires compressive strength. If using the concrete from different supplier concurrently, the concrete placed can show different properties unlike originally designed. However most of construction sites place the concrete from several companies. One of the predictable problems is whether the ultimate performance of concrete achieves the originally designed performance after placing the concrete from several companies. Therefore this research aims to keep the concrete quality in the above cases. This research has been done through literature review, questionnaire and the verification at the sample construction site. A literature review describes the general characteristics and quality control of concrete and a questionnaire describes the awareness and implementation of Korean Construction Specification(KCS). The production capacity and the delivery capacity of concrete suppliers is smaller than the daily quantity required on the sample site, therefore the placing of the concrete with different mixing ratio is inevitable and it can not keep the KCS. As a conclusion, this research proposed 5 alternatives and one of them has been adopted, i.e. to unify the concrete mix design of multiple concrete suppliers.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.13-19
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• 2016

Soft ground stabilization is needed to construct large civil facilities on the soft clay ground. Pre-loading method, which is accelerating consolidation method, is generally used to stabilize the soft ground. However, pre-loading method is required long construction period and quantities of fill material. Therefore, electro-osmosis method is used to replace pre-loading method for stabilizing the soft ground. Electro-osmosis method is disadvantageous in constructive and economic aspects because it is needed a metallic electrode. So, in order to solve the those disadvantages, plastic electrode was developed to replace metallic electrode. Plastic electrode, which is made by using nano-technology on existing Plastic Drain Board (PDB), was used to supply the electric power. In this study, therefore, the model test was conducted to confirm the effect of improvement and electrical characteristics of soft ground by spacing of plastic electrode. The result shows that the effect of improvement of soft ground was decreased up to 45% by increasing electrode spacing and electrical characteristics on the soft ground were influenced by consolidation settlement with electrode spacing.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.52 no.10
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• pp.729-742
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• 2019

Natural disasters such as floods has been increased in many parts of the world, also Korea is no exception. The biggest part of natural damage in South Korea was caused by the flooding during the rainy season in every summer. The existing flood vulnerability analysis cannot explain the reality because of the repeated changes in topography. Therefore, it is necessary to calculate a new flood vulnerability index in accordance with the changed terrain and socio-economic environment. The priority of the investment for the flood prevention and mitigation has to be determined using the new flood vulnerability index. Total 25 urban districts in Seoul were selected as the study area. Flood vulnerability factors were developed using Pressure-State-Response (PSR) structures. The Pressure Index (PI) includes nine factors such as population density and number of vehicles, and so on. Four factors such as damage of public facilities, etc. for the Status Index (SI) were selected. Finally, seven factors for Response Index (RI) were selected such as the number of evacuation facilities and financial independence, etc. The weights of factors were calculated using AHP method and Fuzzy AHP to implement the uncertainties in the decision making process. As a result, PI and RI were changed, but the ranks in PI and RI were not be changed significantly. However, SI were changed significanlty in terms of the weight method. Flood vulnerability index using Fuzzy AHP shows less vulnerability index in Southern part of Han river. This would be the reason that cost of flood mitigation, number of government workers and Financial self-reliance are high.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2008.11b
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• pp.1900-1906
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• 2008

According as zone of life of big city is expanded by new city development etc.., need special skill master plan compensation which can be systematic for wide area traffic problem solution and confusion expense minimization in the metropolitan area because wide area of capital region traffic is gone continuously and continues. Accordingly, Kyonggi Province suggested rapid-transit railway achievement that can connect Seoul Gangnam in 20 minutes with Dongtan new city recently. MLTM(Ministry of Land Transport and Maritime Affaris) announced "Capital region railway network improvement plan research services (2007.12)" result that Gangnam High-speed railway route (Suse $\sim$ Dongtan $\sim$ Pyeongtaek) construction for offer High-speed railway service to capital region and Kyonggi southern part area inhabitantses and need to line capacity tribe solution by Seoul-Busan high-speed railway second-stage and Honam high speed railroad completion. Is judged that need examination about wide area rapid-transit railway combined application operation that take advantage of rail track reserve capacity of High-speed railway for utilization efficiency elevation of country and efficient investment of national finance according as High-speed railway and Gangnam rapid-transit railway route that is suggested in Kyonggi Province are overlaped. Therefore, in this research, I wish to quote investment efficiency plan of railroad business by that different kind's train is run in uniformity track by presenting combined application operation plan and working expenses curtailment effect etc. that is optimized through analysis of roadbed and E & M technology condition, intermediate station plan, train operation planning etc. in case of wide area rapid-transit railway and high-speed railway run combined application.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.151-156
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• 2011

Previously most of flood prevention efforts have been made for relatively large watersheds near to channel flow. However, as economical development and the expansion of leisure areas to mountainous region, human casualty by flash flood occurs frequently, requiring additional prevention activity. Therefore, to reduce the damage of human lives and property by flash flood, we develop an assessment method for flash flood occurrence for mountainous areas considering various factors involving it. PROMETHEE(Preference Ranking Organization METHod for Enrichment Evaluations) which is one of the MCDM(Multi-Criteria Decision Making) was adopted to assess the contribution of each factor to the risk of the flash flood in the mountainous area. The main evaluation criteria are classified into three categories, namely, the regional and rainfall characteristics, and geographical features. Also, the Entropy method is used to determine the weight of each evaluation criteria without survey. The suggested method based on PROMETHEE with Entropy method is applied to BongHwa region to verify its applicability. After applied, the method successfully assesses the relative risk of flash flood occurrence of each sub region in the BongHwa region. Out of the seventeen sub-regions, five, seven and five of them are evaluated as high-risk, medium-risk, and low-risk, respectively. To verify the results, we searched the historical data of flash flood and the flash flood had occurred in one of high-risk sub-regions at 2008.