• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.98-104
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• 2010

Excess nitrogen (N) uptake of rice, which could cause much lodging, disease and reduction of rice quality, could be occurred at the paddy field with previous upland condition at which much soil N could be mineralized by soil-drying effect. N fertilizers of 0, 3, and 6 kg N $10a^{-1}$ were applied to early-maturity rice, cultivar Joanbyeo at the paddy field of first and second year after upland condition, and rice growth and nitrogen uptake were investigated to know the increase of rice N uptake at the paddy field with previous upland condition for one-year. Total dry matter (DM) and N uptake of rice at the paddy field with previous upland condition increased more than continuous paddy field. Total DM and N uptake of rice at the paddy field with previous upland condition increased linearly to N fertilizer 6 kg $10a^{-1}$ at the paddy field owing to vigorous growth compared to continuous paddy field. Rice N uptake was higher at the paddy field of the first year than the second year after upland condition in considering N uptake at the plot of no N fertilizer. Vigorous growth at the paddy field with previous upland condition resulted in higher rice yield which was related with high panicle and spikelet, but much N fertilizer as much as 6 kg $10a^{-1}$ at the paddy field with previous upland condition resulted in higher lodging and protein content of brown and milled rice. Particularly, protein content of brown and milled rice increased more when the same N fertilizer was applied two times splitly at transplanting and panicle initiation stage than when N fertilizer was applied one time at transplanting as basal N. N application with under 3 kg $10a^{-1}$ as only basal N was recommended at the paddy field with previous upland condition to obtain high quality rice without lodging.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.70-73
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• 1992

사료작물 저온발아성(低溫發芽性)은 수수 $\times$ 수단그라스잡종들이 좋았고 옥수수와 수단그라스는 비교적 저조하였고 PGE에 종자침지처리가 이탈리안라이그라스의 저온발아에 효과적이었다. 간척지의 수수파종시 염해 방지에는 모래를 파종후 피복하여 제염(除鹽) 효과를 얻을수 있었다. 수수류의 토양수분조건에 대한 광합성 연구는 포장용수량의 $60\sim80%$의 조건에서 광합성이 가장 왕성하였고 건물수량도 동일한 결과를 나타내었다. 옥수수의 광이용과 초형과의 관계연구는 이삭상부 엽각의 직립화는 밀식 조건에서 광이용성이 증가되었고 건물 및 종실수량에서 종수가 있었다. 또 밀식화에 따라 직립화 경향이 현저하였으며 옥수수의 다수성초형의 육성이 요청되었다. 질소시비에 대한 청예류의 생장 반응 연구들은 수단그라스에서 10a당 40Kg까지는 건물수량생산을 증가시켰으나 80Kg/10a 사용시는 질산태질소함량이 중독위험치를 초과하였다. 이러한 질산태질소의 중독위험은 6엽기까지 존재하였고 청산중독의 위험농도는 4엽기 이전까지, 또 18/$8^{\circ}C$의 저온조건에서 나타났다. 옥수수의 적정재식 밀도는 10a당 16.600본까지 밀식할수록 증가되었으나 가소화수량과 종실수량은 5.500본과 10Kg/10a 에서 최고치를 나타내었고 질소 추비 효과는 대관령 같은 고산지대에서는 나타나지 않았다. 맥류의 총체(總體)사료 이용성은 호밀, 밀, 보리 순(順)으로 저하하였고 파종시기가 빠를수록 월동성이 향상되었으며 수확적기는 출수후 24일경이었다. 호밀의 청예이용에는 월동후 2회예취와 12cm높이가 건물수량과 TDN수량을 높힐 수 있었다. 수수$\times$ 수단잡종의 출수기 이전 예취는 고사 경비율을 줄일 수 있었고 년 2회 예취와 예취높이 10cm가 가장 좋았다. 유채는 생육기간이 길어질수록 수량은 증가하였고 소화율의 감소도 현저하지 않았다.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.373-381
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• 1994

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of nitrogen fertilizer level on forage yield and feed value, and to clarify the optimum nitrogen fertilizer level of rye in middle west area when cultured in paddy field. The field experiment treated 5 levels of nitrogen fertilization was carried out at Yesan from Oct. 1990 to June 1991. The fresh and dry weight increased with increased nitrogen fertilizer level by 30kg /10a, but dry matter ratio decreased. The ratio of leaf blade and leaf sheath in rye plant increased with increased nitrogen fertilizer level, but the ratio of stem and inflorescence decreased. The content and yield per unit area for protein, total digestible nutrient(TDN). Minerals, and energy increased with increased nitrogen fertilizer level, while acid detergent fiber(ADF) and neutral detergent fiber(NDF) decreased. The ratio of available protein among crude protein became higher with increased nitrogen fertilizer level. The optimum clipping time for net energy gain(NEG) and net energy maintenance(NEM) were 10 days earlier than milk stage for conventional items including TDN and proteins.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.579-588
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• 2001

In order to investigate the composition and monthly variation of extractive nitrogenous components in the laver Porphyra dentata cultured at the south coast of Korea, the fresh laver was analyzed separately for the amounts of free amino acids, combined amino acids, ATP and its related compounds, and quaternary ammonium basis in fresh laver were measured. The extractive nitrogen contents of fresh laver extracts were 760~870 mg/100g (dry basis). Twenty-seven to thirty-one kinds of free amino acids were detected in the laver extracts and their total amounts were 2,404~3,966 mg/100g (on dry basis). The laver extracts showed rich in free amino acids such as alanine, taurine, glutamic acid, glutamine and aspartic acid. Sixteen to twenty-three kinds of combined amino acids were detected in the extracts and their total amounts were 1,429~2,692 mg/100g (on dry basis). Proline, glutamic acid, glycine, phosphoserine, serine were the amin combined amino acids in the extracts. The amounts of ATP and related compounds were 73.3~94.4 mg/100 g (2.04~4.43 $\mu$mol/g, on dry basis). Homarine and trigonelline were detected in all specimens but $\beta$-alaninebetaine, ${\gamma}$-butyrobetaine were found in some. Small amounts of trimethylamine were detected in all samples. Free and combined amino acids were occupying almost 90% of extractive nitrogen. Most of free and combined amino acids showed a marked monthly variation with a maximum in January and March, and a minimum in February and April. The fresh laver P. dentata did not differ much from the fresh laver P. yezoensis in qualitative com-position of extractive components, but their contents were generally low level.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.38-47
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• 1988

To determine the response of soybean cultivars to nitrogen in relation to acidity, nodulation, content of allantoin nitrogen and major chemical compositions of soybean plants were investigated with two cultivars under two levels of soil pH and four levels of nitrogen fertilization in a field and nutri-culture experiments. Nodulation and contents of allantoin nitrogen, total nitrogen, potassium, calcium, magnesium and manganese of soybean plants decreased under acidic condition, but the degree of decrease was smaller in the variety Jangbaegkong compared to the variety Danyeobkong. On the other hand, nodulation, content of allantoin nitrogen and potassium decreased with increased nitrogen fertilization, particulary under pH 7 condition. Nodulation was positively correlated with the content of allantoin nitrogen of soybean plants. The content of total nitrogen of soybean plants increased with increased nitrogen fertilization, and this tendency was remarkable under acidic condition and in the variety Jangbaegkong.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.400-407
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• 1989

This experiment was carried out to study the effects of nitrogen concentration of cultural solution, Rhizobium inoculation, and planting density on the growth and yield of soybean cultivars, Hwanggeumkong, Jangbaegkong, Paldalkong, Clark, and non-nodulation isoline of Clark. Rhizobium inoculation increased the stem length, particularly in Hwanggeumkong, Jangbaegkong, and decreased it significantly in non-nodulation Clark. Stem length was increased by the increase in nitrogen fertilization by the 195ppm level and decreased by the increase in plant population density. Rhizobium inoculation also increased the shoot dry weight, but significantly decreased it in non-nodulation Clark. As nitrogen concentration in the cultural solution increased the shoot dry weight decreased in Jangbaegkong and paldalkong. However, the shoot dry weight was decreased by the increase in plant population density. Rhizobium inoculation and the increase in nitrogen concentration of cultural solution increased the ratio of shoot dry weight to root weight. The Rhizobium inoculation and the increase in nitrogen concentration of cultural solution increased the grain yield per pot in Hwanggeumkong and paldolkong, While non-nodulating Clark showed significant decrease in grain yield. Grain yield per pot was also increased by the increase of plant population density. Grain yield was significantly correlated with shoot dry weight, nodule number, and nitrogen content of the soybean plants. The correlation between nitrogen contents of the soybean plants and stem length, shoot dry weight, and nodulation was significant. The allantoin-N content in stem was also significantly correlated with nodulation.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.123-128
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• 1998

Legume winter cover crop hairy vetch(Vicia villosa Roth, HV) can supply mineral nitrogen for silage corn by HV cover killed. The purphose of this study was to understand changes of soil mineral N, yield and N uptake of silage corn by N level (0, 135kgFN/ha) and cover cmp(no cover crop: NCC, hairy vetch cover crop: HVC) at field of Crop Experiment Station in 1996. HV growth decreased soil mineral N concentration before seeding corn, but killed HV cover increased concentration of soil mineral N at surface soil (0~7.5cm) at six-leaf stage of corn. Total dry matter(DM) and N uptake of corn averaged over N level was more decreased in HVC than in NCC at silk stage, but N uptake of corn after silk was more increased in HVC than in NCC by N mineralized fiom HV killed, especially in OkgFNJha. N fertilization increased total DM and and N uptake of corn averaged over cover crop, especially more increased the DM and N uptake before silk stage. Early application of N fertilizer was recommendable in netillage silage corn using hairy vetch cover crop.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.58-65
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• 1993

The purpose of this study is to determine the evolution of carbon and nitrogen concentrations in relation to dry matter and crude protein accumulation in the leaves of forage rape(Brassica napus Subsp. oleifera, CV. Swiss) during the growth period. Field-grown plants were sampled at intervals throughout fall, winter, early and late spring. During over-wintering period(from Nov. 7 1991 to Feb. 4 1992), the carbon concentration in the leaves increased from 382 mg to 435 mg g DM$^{-1}$ , while the concentrations of nitrogen and crude protein significantly decreased. There was little accumulation of fresh and dry matter in the leaves. On early spring growth from 4 Feb. to 30 Mar. marked carbon loss 37 mg. day$^{-1}$ and slight nitrogen accumulation occurred with the increase of fresh weight in the leaves. From spring growth to bolting stage(from 31 Mar. to 16 Apr.) the greatest accumulation of fresh and dry matter was observed and carbon and crude protein concentrations increased with a linear manner. After bolting stage the concentrations of carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen and crude protein in the leaves significantly decreased until late blooming stage, and the decreasing rate was prominent in nitrogen (45.7%) and crude protein(46%). From the results above it is recommended that fertilizer will be applied before early spring growth, and that optimal utilization period is a bolting stage. For the serious modification of the internal C/N balance during the overwintering period.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.183-187
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• 1983

The investigate the varietal differences is physiological characteristics related to nutrient uptake and response to nitrogen and phosphorus, a pot experiment was conducted in a temperature control chamber. Three varieties with different cold resistances were grown under normal ($23^{\circ}-25^{\circ}C$) and cold ($15^{\circ}C$) conditions with three nitrogen and phosphorus application levels. The cold temperature was treated for twelve days after thirty days from seeding. The results were summarized as follows: 1. Dry weight and nutrient contents were reduced in cold temperature treatment compared with control and the reduced ratio by low temperature were in order of dry weight 29.4% $P_2O_5$ 21.3%, N 15.3%, $K_2O$ 10.1%, $SiO_2$ 8.7%. 2. The reduced ratio of phosphorus contents of each varieties to normal condition were 13.5% in resistant, 19.5% in medium, 31.1% in susceptible variety, respectively. 3. The phosphorus and silicate contents of plants showed a good relationship with varietal differences in cold resistance but nitrogen and potassium didn't showed, therefore, phosphorus and silicate contents might be used as the index for physiological characteristics related with cold resistance. 4. Phosphorus content slightly increased with nitrogen application but silicate content decreased. Upon phosphorus application, nitrogen and silicate contents were increased.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.525-531
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• 1990

This study was conducted to find out the effects of nitrogen, potassium application on the plant growth, grain yield and nodule formation of Winged bean. Plant height, number of branches, number of leaves, leaf area, NAR, RGR and CGR increased with basal and top dressing of nitrogen and potassium application. Especially CGR was increased significantly with the added amount of potassium. Number of nodules and nodule dry weight decreased with application of basal and top dressing nitrogen, but increased with the added amount of potassium. Green pod, tuber and grain yield increased with application of basal and top dressing nitrogen, and the added amount of potassium. There appeared positive correlation coefficient between grain yield and growth charateristics, and between grain yield and components. But there showed negative correlation coefficient among yield, number of nodules, dry weight and P$_2$O$\_$5/ contents in leaf.