• Archives of design research
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• v.14
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• pp.141-150
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• 1996

In recent years space planning for modern city has been accomplished through scientific high technique and computer supported collaborative work. Relatively human being is treated as a component of the space or whole building and according to the social structure people tend to prefer private space. The necessity of the open space as an active place is emphasized now because the interaction created between users of the space and the nature, surrounding environment can influence on improving quality of outdoor life and giving the place specific identity. In this paper three ways of analyses of components which compose the open space are studied. Especially through the process of analyses derived from differenet areas, the necessity of communication model in collaborative work is proposed.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.46-65
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• 2014

This study, under the title of Daeungbojeon Hall of Bulyeongsa Temple, Uljin and the architectural technique of the architect, aimed to make a comprehensive speculation on Daeungbojeon Hall of Bulyeongsa Temple whose accurate construction year was confirmed in 1725. While existing studies dealt with it separately between construction and Buddhist art history this study attempted to sort out it in one perspective by means of comparison with compatible objects in the area. The results are as follows. 1st, by means of comparison of wall painting of Daeungbojeon Hall of Bulyeongsa Temple and other wall paintings of Gyeongsang-do Province, it was estimated to be created before and after 1725, the founding year of the building. 2nd, the stylobate of Daeungbojeon Hall is the only and unique case that Guibu was supported by the bottom. Such stylobate was estimated to be built in the early period of Goryeo stylobate of PostLintel Construction which was more simplified than that of the traditional unified Silla period considering specific techniques. Lastly, by means of comparison of the architectural technique of Daeungbojeon Hall of Bulyeongsa Temple with other temples in Gyeongsang-do Province, the characteristics of the building were found. In particular, the same architectural technique was confirmed by direct comparison of style with Yeongsanjeon Hall of Tongdosa Temple in 1714 which was constructed by the same architect.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.363-373
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• 2018

In today's diversified society, it is hard to know which building style represents the architectural style of the time. The simplicity found in monolithic-style buildings forms a symmetrical point with fairly complex structure, and its value can be acknowledged. This study analyzes buildings made of insulating lightweight aggregate concrete in the early 21st century, defines the concept of monolithic expression, and examines how these characteristics are expressed in the space, forms, and structural methods in construction. Unlike a multi-layered exterior wall system, which features multiple layers composed of a variety of materials, the exterior walls built with insulating lightweight aggregate concrete comes in a lump form with a mold form that is tightly filled with concrete as a single material and is monolithic. This is attributed to the creation of spaces characterized by the homogeneity of inner and outer spaces with the use of the same material, continuity of the surface as solidity, spatial characteristics of the stereotomic construction, expression of materiality with the use of exposed concrete, and the contrast of the lump and the space. This not only reveals formal characteristics that expose a discourse about monolithic architecture in contemporary architecture but also provide an opportunity to extend the range of discussion to structures and materials and even to their effects on space.

• Journal of KIISE
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.562-568
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• 2016

Point cloud data can be expressed in a specific coordinate system of a data set with a large number of points, to represent any form that generally has different characteristics in the three-dimensional coordinate space. This paper is aimed at finding a cylindrical pipe in the point cloud of the three-dimensional coordinate system using RANSAC, which is faster than the conventional Hough Transform method. In this study, the proposed cylindrical pipe is estimated by combining the results of parameters based on two mathematical models. The two kinds of mathematical models include a sphere and line, searching the sphere center point and radius in the cylinder, and detecting the cylinder with straightening of center. This method can match cylindrical pipe with relative accuracy; furthermore, the process is rapid except for normal estimation and segmentation. Quick cylinders matching could benefit from laser scanning and reverse engineering construction sectors that require pipe real-time estimates.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.50-54
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• 2016

A Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is better than a conventional network for use in construction and Operations and Maintenance (O&M) because of its lower surveillance system cost. However, effective operation of a WSN is often difficult to obtain because the surveillance targets are usually fixed inside the building or underground. Therefore, this environmental constraint should be considered in the design of the WSN plant equipment surveillance system prior to installation. This study employs simulations of WSN-based fixed facility surveillance using the TinyOS TOSSIM simulator to investigate ideal types and setups of the WSN. Simulation target protocols included LEACH and flooding and gossiping protocols. The results show that the hierarchically-structured LEACH protocol demonstrated better load-balancing and efficiency than the flatly-structured flooding and gossiping protocol.

• Journal of KIISE
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.392-398
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• 2017

The point-cloud representation of an object is performed by scanning a space through a laser scanner that is extracting a set of points, and the points are then integrated into the same coordinate system through a registration. The set of the completed registration-integrated point clouds is classified into meaningful regions, shapes, and noises through a mathematical analysis. In this paper, the aim is the matching of a curved area like a cylinder shape in 3D point-cloud data. The matching procedure is the attainment of the center and radius data through the extraction of the cylinder-shape candidates from the sphere that is fitted through the RANdom Sample Consensus (RANSAC) in the point cloud, and completion requires the matching of the curved region with the Catmull-Rom spline from the extracted center-point data using the Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Not only is the proposed method expected to derive a fast estimation result via linear and curved cylinder estimations after a center-axis estimation without constraint and segmentation, but it should also increase the work efficiency of reverse engineering.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.29-43
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• 1981

The effects of temperature and day length during seed formation on the morphogenesis of lettuce seed were investigated using two cultivars of MSU 15 and MSU 16. Seed size and weight, and thickness of seed coat o f both cultivars greatly influenced by temperature, but fresh weights and dry matter weights of mother plants were influenced by day length, not by temperature. Interactions between the adaptive polymorphism and climatic conditions were also discussed. Environmental conditions affected the morphology of lettuce seed and this variation of seed morphology resulted from interaction between genetic potentialities and environmental conditions.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.121-132
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• 2019

Purpose: This study aims to analyze the meaning of architectural space of Alvar Aalto, which is based on architectural theories of periodic flows and the form of the space with the various elements applied to the works. Method: It analyzes the interrelationships of light, form and material in triangular composition by synthesizing the architectural vocabulary of Alvar Aalto from the viewpoint of modernism. Results: The architectural works of Alvar Aalto are centered on the combination of light, form, material, and space diversity, emphasizing social awareness and linking the human scale with the building environment. Conclusion: The structure of the Alvar Aalto is a synonym of nature and culture, society and individuals, standardization and diversity, universality and locality, intellectual and emotional, scientific and human psychological. It is possible to apply reciprocity elements to architectural spaces in a comprehensive manner while being different from each other in terms of rationality and immediacy.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.69-76
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• 2017

In the Korea, 80 percent of livestock manure were converted into compost and used as organic fertilizers. The livestock manure compost has two types of powder and pellet type (ID= 5~10 mm). The aim of this study was to investigate the properties of two types of cow manure compost pellet (cylinder and sphere type). Nitrogen concentrations of cylinder type and sphere type of compost pellets were 1.23 and 1.24%, respectively. There were similar with nitrogen concentration of cylinder and sphere types of compost pellets. As a result of analyzing the effect of granulation processing, it was found that the moisture content of the raw material was the most influential factor in the granulation processing in both of the processing types of the screw pressing method and the rotating cylinder method. When the cylinder and sphere types of compost pellets were dry to 20% of moisture content, the specific gravities of these compost pellets were 1.38 and 1.13, respectively. The compressive strength of cylinder type pellet and sphere type pellet were 27.6 and $11.3kg/cm^2$, respectively.

• Korean Architects
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• no.12 s.344
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• pp.50-50
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• 1997

이번 지역건축을 기획하면서, 여러 가지 상념에 잠기게 되었다. 건축에서 지역성이 어느 정도 내재되어 있는지 살펴보고자 하는 것이 혹시 더욱 부정적 결과를 확인하는 것이라면 이를 확인할 필요가 있을지, 또 어떤 긍정적 결과를 확인할 수 있을지, 게다가 여러 개발도상국의 상황과 아시아의 건축적 진행을 보면서, 어쩌면 우리는 더욱 난감한 상황을 보게 될지도 모른다. "건축을 발전시켜온 어떤 민족도 각기 독자적 언어, 복장, 민속이 있는 것처럼, 그들이 좋아하는 형태를 발전시켜왔다. 19세기에 문화의 국경이 붕괴될 때까지 온 세계의 건축에는 지역고유의 형태와 디테일이 있었다. 그리고 어떠한 지역특유의 건물도 사람들의 창조력과 그 지역의 필요성의 결합에 의하여 태어난 아름다운 산물이었다. 그러나 현대 이집트에는 이집트 고유의 토착양식을 찾아볼 수가 없다. 바로 이집트인의 서명이 없다. 그것이 부자들의 집이건 가난한 자의 집이건 무성격하기는 마찬가지이며 이집트인의 자취란 사라져 버렸다."(하산 화티,1973년) 선진국은 스스로 산업혁명을 일으켰고, 이런 사회적 문화적 변동에 적응하기 위하여 1세기 이상의 시간적 여유가 있었다는 것이다. 개발도상국의 급속한 변화에는 건물도 변화의 수단으로 이용되었다는 것이다. "민족적이며, 지역적인 전통이야말로, 새로운 지역주의의 기초로서 보존하고 사용되어야 된다는 '섬세한' 서양의 관찰자들의 탄원은 이같은 상황에서는 전연 고려되지 않았다."고 커티스는 보았다. 섬세한 서양인이 아니라 자국민 스스로 자신의 문명에 대하여 파괴적인 입장에 서 있다면 더욱 난감한 일이다. 지역주의의 의미는 무엇일까? 건축에서 '지역'의 범주는 어디인가? 인종적 분포 또는 민족적 무리를 이름지은 것인가? 아니면 인종과 민족의 공통점인가? 그것도 아니라면 정치적 경계선으로 둘러싸인 경계를 말하는 것인가? 모든 지역이 다 지역주의로 대별될 수 있는가? 어느 곳이 건축에서의 중심지역이며, 또 지역주의는 누가 판별하는가? 프램튼은 문화적인 중심지와 종속적 관계를 지니는 지역주의를 잘못된 구조로 보았다. 근래 10년간 세계적으로 다양한 지역주의가 대두했다. 지역의 개념적, 제도적, 법적인 상태가 어떠한가가 중요한 요인이 된다. 19세기 동안에 유럽사람들이 그들의 정치적 독립을 위한 목적에 활용하기 위하여 부분적으로 거짓된 역사관을 피력했을 때, 유럽지역에서의 지역주의 개념들은 아이리쉬, 까딸로니아, 핀랜드 등을 평가하는 역할이 있었다고 한다. 지역주의를 "감상적인 민족적 편견에서 비롯된 광신적 배타주의"라고 낮추어 바라보는 그로피우스의 시각에 대해, 당당히 맞설 수 있어야 할 것이다. 리꾀르의 말대로 미래에 어떠한 유형의 참된 문화를 유지하는 것은 궁극적으로는 문화나 문명의 단계에서 외래의 영향을 적절하게 하면서 지역문화의 활기찬 형태를 발생시키는 우리 능력에 달려있다. '지역적' 범위는 서구에서 합중국으로 존재하는 경우, 대부분 이질적 문화들의 혼합지역이기 때문이다. 한국과 같이 비교적 단일한 성분의 종족으로 한 국가가 유지된 경우와 미국과 같이 다양한 종족이 모인 경우 등과 비교하면 '지역'이란 이름에 어떤 판단기준이 있어야 할까? 근래 지역적 변동이 적었던 한국의 경우는 상대적으로 재론할 여지가 적다. 그러나 한국의 역사시대 내에서도 확인되지 않은 부분들이 존재하고, 역사시대의 범위를 넘어서 선사시대로 확대하면 '지역'의 개념의 외연적 대상은 더욱 모호해진다.