• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.113-133
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• 2004

Although National Health Insurance(NHI) in the South Korea has guaranteed access to health insurance coverage to virtually all the people, a significant portion of out-of-pocket spending can create substantial financial burdens for some beneficiaries, particularly those with low incomes. Previous studies have estimated the magnitude of out-of-pocket spending by types of chronic illness or in- and out-patients. Prior estimates, however, have not given a complete picture of the impact of health care costs on lower-income populations. The result from this study shows that 20 percent of beneficiaries in the lowest-income quintile spent more than twelve percent of their household equivalent income out-of-pocket health services, whether they were enrolled in a Health care services or not. In comparison, the beneficiaries in the highest-income quintile level spent only 2 percent of their income out-of-pocket on health care. Also, the regression analysis suggests that age, household income, number of chronic illness, type of hospital in addition to the number of usage may affect the size of out-of-pocket spending.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.96-110
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• 2021

Korea is faced with the challenge of adapting to the world's fastest - growing low birthrate, aging society, and low growth with low interest rate era. With low fertility and aging population, the factors of financial income of health insurance are decreasing, and the increase of public interest in health, high cost medical technology and the development of medicine are leading to increase expenditure of health insurance. In this study, I will examine the strengthen protection of health insurance, financial stabilization, and fairness of medical care. First, the present status and limitations of health insurance were identified through domestic policy report, domestic and foreign literature, and precedent research. Second, the foreign health insurance policy measures to stabilize the finances were examined separately. Based on this study, in order to maintain sustainable health insurance through reinforcement and financial stabilization of health insurance, the current financial income structure of health insurance must be renovated. It will be necessary to expand government subsidies and discover new tax revenues. In addition, a policy to save finances by reorganizing the medical bill payment system and medical delivery system will also be needed.

• Journal of Urban Science
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.51-58
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• 2019

This study examines the determinants of emergency care utilization and equity of access to care in elderly Koreans. Based on the data from the 2014 Korea Health Panel Survey, descriptive and logistic regression analysis was performed. The sample for this study was 1,313 individuals who participated in interviews. Predisposing factors such as age, sex, and education were significant determinants of emergency care utilization. Differences in need do not fully account for the original differences observed between subgroups of older Koreans. Health status was important determinant of older Koreans using emergency care services. Spending medical expense did not ameliorate the subgroup differences in the use of emergency care services. Nonetheless, spending medical expense remains a particularly important predictor of emergency care utilization. Health care reforms in Korea should continue to concentrate on insuring effective universal emergency care, implying that all older Koreans with need receive effective coverage. Future study is also needed to understand the access barriers that may exist for the selected demographic subgroups, i.e., those over 75, women, less educated persons, and those with higher medical expense.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2014.11a
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• pp.477-478
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• 2014

최근 급변하는 한국 보건의료환경 가운데 저출산과 고령화로 인한 생산가능 인구 감소와 보건의료재정의 적자 및 막대한 비용 상승이 전망되면서 보건의료체계에 위기감이 조성되어왔다. 도입 초부터 줄곧 형평성과 접근성을 강조했던 구 건강보험 패러다임에 대해 사회 일각이 지속적으로 수정을 요구해왔으며 보건의료당국은 최근 "선진형 패러다임"으로의 전환을 공식 선언하고 보건의료체계의 개혁을 예고하였다. 이 논문은 한국 보건의료환경을 진단하여 패러다임 전환의 당위성을 제기하며 신 구 패러다임의 비교분석을 통해 신 패러다임의 특징을 도출하고 정책적 시사점을 제시하는데 목표가 있다. 이를 위해 다양한 국내 외 문헌자료와 전문가들의 인터뷰 자료 등 2차 자료를 수집하여 분석을 시도한다. 비교분석결과, 전환된 패러다임 하에서 한국의 향후 보건의료개혁의 방향은 효율성(equity) 강화와 보건의료에 대한 책임주의(stewardship)를 구현할 것임을 도출하였다.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.17-26
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• 2024

Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the relationship between the socioeconomic status and oral health of adults. Methods: Data from the 7th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2016-2018) were analyzed, and 13,199 adults aged 19 years or older were selected as study subjects. Various oral health indicators were used to analyze the effect of socioeconomic status on oral health. Disparities in oral health according to socioeconomic status were analyzed using the complex sample chi-squared test and multiple logistic regression analysis. Results: A statistically significant difference was observed between income level, medical aid, and all oral health indicators, which indicated that the lower the income level, the lower the oral health level (p<0.001). Furthermore, all oral health indicators displayed statistically significant differences, with the exception of the prevalence of dental caries and education level. The lower the education level, the lower the oral health level (p<0.001). Therefore, the oral health level of adults presented significant differences according to different socioeconomic status indicators. Conclusions: To prevent oral health inequalities, the government and local governments need to intervene not only in the field of health care but also in the social determinants. Additionally, concerted efforts should be made to eliminate oral health disparities by improving policies and systems.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.92-103
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• 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to prepare basic data for education and policy proposals related to enhancement of happiness by identifying factors affecting the subjective happiness among Korean adolescents by family type. Methods: The study was a secondary analysis using the raw data of the 16th Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey (2020). A complex sample multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify factors affecting adolescent happiness by family type. Results: As a result, the factors that commonly affect the subjective happiness of adolescents for all family types were identified as economic status, academic performance, perceived stress, and loneliness. Additional factors that affect the subjective happiness of adolescents of both Korean two-parent and single parent families were sleep and subjective health status. Financial assistance, number of toilets, breakfast, exercise, depression, suicidal ideation, and suicide attempt were also reported for Korean two-parent families. Conclusion: This study provided empirical basic data for enhancing adolescent happiness in consideration of priority targets and family composition characteristics by identifying factors affecting subjective happiness by family type. Adolescent happiness is a factor that should be actively pursued at home, school, and society, and it should be the goal of education for holistic growth of students.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.319-325
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• 2011

Purpose: The relativity of factors between low vision and socioeconomic status were investigated. This study represented the preliminary data for establishment of public eye health policy. Further, this report would encourage people to change the social attitudes about the eye health equity of the nation. Methods: The number of people (2,514 people) who have been tested the forced visual activity were examined as it was referred the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHNE) of 2009-year data. The prevalence rate of low vision of subjects which are related with house income, education level and occupations were conducted with ttest and chi square test. Besides, the Binominal Logistic Regression was conducted to measure the odds ratio of the subjects. Results: In outline, the prevalence rate of low vision was high with low house income, low education level and low function. The odds ratio represented that 2.77(95% CI, 1.72-4.47) at low house income group and 4.02(95% CI, 1.75-9.23) at the case of below primary school education level. Moreover, the results of unemployed group showed 3.65(1.14-11.68) from the odds ratio measurement. Conclusions: The eye health policy need be instituted which is broad and meticulous support to ease the eye health equity of low eye sight patients. For instance, the education about eye health, examination business of eye disease, and education of assistant units which are useful for low eye sight would suggest practical solution.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.351-361
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to provide basic data for resolving individual and regional health inequalities by identifying factors that affect healthy living practices, and to protect the access to health equity and the access to health equity and the people's right to health. Raw data from the 2019 Community Health Survey were used, and descriptive statistical analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed using SAS 9.4 and IBM SPSS ver. 21. The healthy living practice rate was 33.8% overall, and there was a difference of 11~20% by region. In terms of individual factors, healthy living practices were significantly different in gender, age, occupation, sleep time, subjective health status, and subjective stress level. In the interpersonal factor, there was a difference in social activity for healthy living practice, and in the community factor, positive attitude toward the local physical environment, annual unsatisfied medical care, and use of health institutions were significant. In order to increase the practice of healthy living by region based on the research results, comprehensive policies and cooperative measures that can be approached at the individual, social and national level should be implemented along with specific strategies.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.507-517
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• 2016

Social obligation of a nation must be assigned to the people, legally belong to the nation. The Republic of Korea assigns a social obligation to the Koreans, the Military Service which is regulated by the Constitution of the Republic of Korea and the Military Service Law of Korea. However, behind the law, a serious discussion, the rationality and equity, is possibly discovered from the reality of the military service system against athletes of Korea. The purpose of this study was to analyze the military service system against athletes of Korea based on the Constitution of Republic of Korea and the Military Service Law of Korea. Three proposals, prohibit duplicated benefits of athletes, military service evasion after care system and keeping the military and police sport organization as nonprofessional, to recover the institutional problems regarding the equity and rationality were suggested in the end of this research. With the results, this research hopefully contribute to the development of sport law, fundamental obligation with sports and the military service system on athletes in Korea.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.9
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• pp.374-383
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to clarify differences between adolescents from multicultural and ordinary Korean families in subjective oral symptoms. Moreover, this will be provide information in the policy making process that enhancing health equity. Data of 66,857 adolescents aged 12 to 18 years were derived from the 10th Korean Youth's Risk Web-based Study, which was conducted in 2014. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that subjective oral symptoms were related with sex, age, academic achievement, paternal education, maternal education, subjective economic status, residential type, smoking, alcohol consumption, drinking soft drink, eating fruits, eating snacks, and tooth brushing frequency. In conclusion, welfare and health services for multicultural family should be expanded and those ought to focus on increasing multicultural youth at the same time.