• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.12-23
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• 2009

To verify hybridity of Asplenium castaneo-viride, external morphology, spore morphology, anatomy and chromosomes of the species and of the two presumed parental species, A. incisum and A. ruprechtii, were examined. A. castaneo-viride usually had 1-pinnately divided frond. However, some individuals had almost simple fronds with pinnatisect basal parts similar to A. ruprechtii, while others had fronds similar to A. incisum in having oblanceolate blades and basal pinnae with triangular, 2-3 lobed apices. On the surface of the spores, sculpturing consisted of folds that were usually prominent; forming long wings, and irregular or incomplete reticulation. However, reticulation patterns varied among species. A. castaneo-viride showed a wide range of variation from sparse to dense patterns, whereas A. incisum showed only from sparse to intermediate patterns. A. ruprechtii showed from intermediate to dense patterns. The spore size of A. castaneo-viride was $54.63{\mu}m$, larger than other two species ($47.81{\mu}m$ in A. incisum and $44.22{\mu}m$ in A. ruprechtii). The level of undulation of epidermal cell wall was also different. A. incisum had the most shallowly undulated wall, and A. castaneo-viride had a pattern intermediate between the two presumed parental species. This same patterns was recognized in the density of stomata. The density of $45.91/mm^2$ in A. castaneo-viride was intermediate between the two presumed parental species ($67.00/mm^2$ in A. incisum, and $37.86/mm^2$ in A. ruprechtii). Chromosome number was constant (2x =2n = 72) as in A. incisum and A. ruprechtii. However, A. castaneo-viride showed a different ploidy level. The populations of Mt. Mai (Jeonbuk province) and Mt. Duryun (Jeonnam province) were diploid (2n = 72) which is a new record for this taxon, whereas the population of Mt. Buram (Seoul) was tetraploid (2n = 144). Conclusively, A. castaneo-viride was revealed to be a hybrid of A. ruprechtii and A. incisum based on evidence involving leaves, spores, epidermal cells, stomata and chromosome number.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.362-368
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• 2015

Two new and one unrecorded hybrids of the genus Asplenium were newly found in Korea. They were proved to be hybrid based on intermediate morphology between putative parents. The first hybrid is $A.{\times}uiryeongse$ C.S. Lee & K. Lee (Aspleniaceae), nom. nov. (vernacular name: geo-mi-sa-cheol-go-sa-ri). This new hydrid is a cross between the Asian walking fern, A. ruprechtii and A. pekinens in Uiryeong-gil, Mt. Bukansan, Seoul, Korea. The other new one occurs in Mt. Seongsan in Yeoncheon-gun, Gyeonggi-do, Korea, $A.{\times}montanus$ C.S. Lee & K. Lee, nom. nov. (vernacular name: san-kko-ri-go-sa-ri) which might have experienced multiple hybridization events between A. ruprechtii ${\times}$ A. trichomanes and A. incisum following the hybrid between A. ruprechtii and A. trichomanes. In addition, one unrecorded hybrid, $A.{\times}kitazawae$ Kurata & Hutoh (vernacular name: geo-mi-dol-dam-go-sa-ri), reported first from Japan, is found in natural habitats in Do-dong, Daegu-si, and is a hybrid, between the Asian walking fern and A. sarelli. These hybrid taxa grow in sympatric regions with both putative parental species. The diagnostic characters for each taxon and evidence for their hybridization have been suggested. Descriptions, illustrations, and photographs of these hybrid taxa in their habitats are provided from Korea.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.287-294
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• 2005

Three unrecorded fern species from the flora of Korea, Nephrolepis cordifolia, Athyrium epirhachis, and Asplenium castaneo-viride, are reported here. Nephrolepis cordifolia, recognized as introduced species and cultivation in Korea until now, is found in the wild at the entrance of small cave in Jeju island. Athyrium epirhachis is found under the Quercus acuta forest at about 400 - 500 m alt. in Jeju island. This species is similar to A. otophorum but different from the latter by having once pinnately divided leaf blade and the decurrent base of ultimate segment. Asplenium castaneo-viride is hybrid between A. ruprechtii and A. incisum and is distinguished from parental species by presence of proliferation, shape of leaf blade, pattern of venation, and leaf texture.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.259-264
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• 2006

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of medium composition, physical condition and growth regulators on prothallus proliferation in 3 fern species belonging to Aspleniaceae (Asplenium incisum, Camptosorus sibiricus and Phyllitis scolopendrium). In all of the 3 species, the effective medium for prothallus proliferation was Murashige and Skoog's basal medium with 1% sucrose and pH 5.8. The optimum $NH_4^+:NO_3^-$ concentration ratio of protahllus proliferation was 20:40mM (1:2 ratio) in A. incisum and P. scolopendrium and 30:30mM (1:1 ratio) in C. sibiricus. However, agar content of medium did not affect the rate of prothallus proliferation. Among the selected 6 kinds of growth regulators (NAA, IAA, 2,4-D, BAP, kinetin and lip), cytokinins generally has a promotive effect, but auxins showed an inhibitory effect on prothallus growth.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.348-354
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• 2006

Homogenized prothallus of 6 species (Cyrtomium falcatum, Cyrtomium caryoptideum var. coreanum, Dryopteris varia, Asplenium incisum, Camptosous sibiricus and Phyllitis scolopendrium) were treated with gamma radiation or by chemical mutagenesis with EMS, NMU, $NaN_3$ and colchicine to assess their sensitivities for each treatments and also with the aim of inducing mutations. Generally, decrease of proliferation ratio was dose-dependent and time-dependent. Based on proliferation ratio, optimum dose of gamma irradiation was $5{\sim}10krad$ except in D. varia with 20krad. Optimum condition of EMS treatment was considered as 50mM for 3h and for NMU as $5{\sim}10mM\;for\;1{\sim}3h$. Optimum condition of $NaN_3$ treatment was considered as $0.5{\sim}1mM\;for\;1{\sim}3h$. For colchicine, there were significant differences between species as to the proliferation ratios of prothallus for each treatment.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.63-88
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• 1990

The vegetation of Mt. Joghesan of a provincial park in Cheolanamdo was surveyed over twenty times from July, 1980 to December, 1981. The plants of Mt. Jonghesan consisted of 10 forma, 107 varieties, 597 species, 424 genera and 122 families, and among them were 204 species of esculent plants, 199 species of medicina plants and 30 species of the others oil plants and fiber plants. Evergreen herbs consisted of 12 species, including Coniogramme intermedia, Asplenium sarelii, and Asplenium incisum etc. And Evergreen broad-leaved trees consisted of 22 species, including Thea sinensis, Sasa borealis, and Quercus acuta etc. And evergreen needle-leaved trees consisted of 15 species, including Torreya nacitora, Pinus densiflora, Sciadopitys japonica, and Chamaecyparis obtusa etc. The community of broad-leaved consisted of Quercus spp, Carpinus laxiflora, Sasa borealis, including leading dominant species of Lespedeza maximowiczii, Viburnum erosum, Fraxius rhynchophylla, Viburnum dilatum, Rhus trichocarpa, Zelkova serrata, Miscanthus sinensis, Eragrostis ferrugina, Carex augustinowiczii persicaria filiforme var. neofiliforme, Vicia amoena, Smilax riparia var. ussuriensis, and Aster yomena etc. The vegetation of Seunamsa areas in Mt. Joghesan was favorable but the vegetations of the other areas in the mountain were negligible. The vegetation of Koolmokchi areas which had been much destroyed by forest fires was mostly covered with Quercus spp which are resistant to forest fires. Lindera sericea, Alangium platanifolium var. macrophyllum, Ilex macropoda, Corylopsis coreana, Albizzia julibrssin of old trees, Acer mono, the community of Thea sinensis, Stewartca koreana, Cornus alba, Dryopteris bisstiana, Asplenium incisum, Camptosorus, Lepisorus thunbergianus, gastrodia elata, Cymbidium goeringii, and the community of Persicaria filiforme var. neofiliforme etc. in Mt. Jonhesan are autochthonous flora, and their preservation is required. As the Pinus densiflora forest in Mt. Joghesan which was hewn down by human power has not been restored, Jeopchi areas and Koolmokchi areas in Mt. Joghesan have no Pinnus densiflora trees 700m above the sea level.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• no.nspc5
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• pp.47-60
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• 2005

The joint faunal survey of Jindo Island, Korea was performed by the Korean Society of Systematic Zoology during June 29-July 1, 2004 in commemoration of the 20th anniversary. In this study, 20 echinoderm species of 13 families, ten orders in four classes such as one crinoid species, seven asteroid species of four families in three orders, five ophiuroid species of three families in two orders, four echinoid species of two families in one order, and three holothuroid species of three families in three orders collected from six localities (Bealpo, Chopyung, Supum, Hoedong, Seomang, and $34^{\circ}11'N\;and\;126^{\circ}21'E)$ were identified. Of these, one crinoid (Antedon serrata), two asteroids (Solaster dawsoni and Distolasterias nipon) and one pohiudoid (Astrodendrum sagaminum) are newly added to the echinoderm fauna of Jindo Island and one holothudoid (Pseudocnus sp.) is newly recorded in Korean waters. The total 31 species are presently listed with some brief remarks and their distribution patterns are discussed based on the composition of geographical distribution forms.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2019.10a
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• pp.26-26
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• 2019

본 연구는 대구광역시 남구 대명동 앞산공원 일대 관속식물을 연구하기 위해 수행되었다. 2018년 4월 13일부터 2019년 9월 17일까지 총 38회에 걸쳐 조사를 수행하였고, 확인한 관속식물은 109과 338속 523종 65변종 10품종 5아종 5교잡종 3재배품종을 포함하여 총 611분류군을 확인하였다. 이 중 산림청 국립수목원 지정 희귀식물은 28분류군(멸종위기종(CR) 왕벚나무(식재), 위기종(EN) 깽깽이풀 등 4분류군, 취약종(VU) 멱쇠채 등 8분류군, 약관심종(LC) 측백나무 등 11분류군 및 자료부족종(DD) 김의털아재비 등 4분류군), 국립수목원 지정 특산식물은 좀비비추, 노랑갈퀴, 산앵도나무 등 12분류군, 식물구계학적 특정식물은 67분류군(V등급 깽깽이풀과 왕벚나무 2분류군, IV등근 비술나무 등 4분류군, III등급 음양고비 등 16분류군, II등급 큰참나물 등 3분류군, I등급 거미고사리 등 42분류군), 귀화식물은 오리새 등 42분류군을 확인하였다. 도시화지수 및 귀화율은 각각 13.08%, 6.89%로 나타났으며 이는 우리나라 평균 귀화율보다 다소 낮은 수치이다. 선행연구와의 목록 비교 결과 210분류군을 추가적으로 확인하였다. 이는 약 30년간 연구대상지의 선행연구가 이루어지지 않았다는 점과 그간 식물의 오동정, 다양한 식물의 유입 및 사람들의 왕래가 잦아짐에 따른 귀화식물의 유입 등 다양한 요인으로 판단된다. 아울러 1,000만명 이상이 이용하는 앞산공원 일대 주요 희귀식물의 서식처를 보호할 수 있는 방안이 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.38-46
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• 2007

The vascular plants of the Moaksan provincial park area were listed as 615 taxa: 120 families, 383 genera, 542 species, 1 subspecies, 69 varieties and 3 forms. Based on the list of Korean endemic plants, 6 taxa were recorded: Cephalotaxus koreana, Carex okamotoi, Lilium amabile, Salix purpurea var. japonica, Weigela subsessilis, Aster koraiensis and based on the list of the rare plants by the Forest Research Institute, 5 taxa were recorded in the studied areas: Lilium distichum (Preservation priority order; No. 159), Tricyrtis dilatata (No. 97), Iris ensata var. spontanea (No. 197), Aristolochia contorta (No.151), Viola albida (No. 202). Specific plant species by floral region were a total of 48 taxa; Prunus yedoensis in Class V, 2 taxa, as Carex arenicola, Wistaria floribunda in Class IV, 4 taxa, Spiraea salicifolia, Thea sinensis, Asperula lasiantha, etc. in Class III, 8 taxa, as Lilium distichum, Iris ensata var. spontanea, Acer triflorum, etc. in Class II, 33 taxa, as Camptosorus sibiricus, Orixa japonica, Lonicera praeflorens, etc. in Class I. The naturalized plants in this site were 16 families, 40 genera, 48 species, 2 varieties, 50 taxa and the naturalization rate was 8.1% of all 615 taxa vascular plants. As a conservation measure, there needs to be controls on the imprudent development and excessive visitors and a detailed plan like nature the rest of the year.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.447-469
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• 2011

The flora of Bongamsa (Temple) area, Mungyeong were listed 552 taxa; 99 families, 303 genera, 468 species, 1 subspecies, 70 varieties and 13 forms. Based on the rare plants (IUCN), total 12 taxa; Crypsinus hastatus (Polypodiaceae), Eranthis stellata (Ranunculaceae), Cnidium tachiroei (Umbelliferae), Monotropa hypopithys (Pyrolaceae), Rhododendron micranthum (Ericaceae), Salvia chanroenica (Labiatae), Gastrodia elata (Orchidaceae), etc. Based on the endemic plants, total 11 taxa; Asarum chungbuensis, Aconitum pseudolaeve, Corydalis maculata, Lonicera subsessilis, Aster koraiensis, Saussurea seoulensis, etc. Based on the specific plants by floral region were total 48 taxa (8.7% of all 552 taxa of vascular plants); 2 taxa in class V, 5 taxa (Cimicifuga heracleifolia, Wistaria floribunda, Elsholtzia angustifolia, etc.) in class IV, 10 taxa (Betula davurica, Spiraea chinensis, Acer barbinerve, Vaccinium koreanum, Syringa reticulata var. mandshurica, etc.) in class III, 7 taxa (Potentilla dickinsii, Viola orientalis, Ostericum melanotilingia, Melica nutans, Veratrum parulum, etc.) in class II, 24 taxa (Camptosorus sibiricus, Cephalotaxus koreana, Betula schmidtii, Ilex macropoda, Tilia amurensis, Triadenum japonica, Lobelia sessilifolia, etc.) in class I. Based on the naturalized plants, total 21 taxa (Silene armeria, Oenothera lamarckiana, Symphytum officinale, Erechtites hieracifolia, etc.) and naturalization rate was 3.8% of all 552 taxa of vascular plants. The flora of importance in the Bongamsa, rare plants were Crypsinus hastatus, Eranthis stellata, Gastrodia elata, Monotropa uniflora, Monotropa hypopithys, Rhododendron micranthum and Cnidium tachiroei, Iris ensata var. spontanea in intermediate marsh and alien species classify into planted species of Bongamsa, area for investigation of afforestation and artificial forests, introduced of naturalized plants.