• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.61-87
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• 1992

Reducing the level of greenhouse gas emissions is necessary to mitigate global warming. One of the most feasible methods to reduce emissions would be to conserve energy and substitute fossil fuels. Yet reducing emissions entails huge financial costs, so it is advisable to employ cost-effective economic instruments such as a carbon tax or tradeable emissions permits. Assuming that the proper economic tools will be used in the future, we calculated the optimal level of emissions reduction for Korea. We applied to our cost-benefit analysis Nordhaus' scenario regarding the economic damage from a $3^{\circ}C$ rise in global temperatures, which is the calculated result when the greenhouse gas level doubles. The result of our analysis based on the 1990 data indicates that the optimal level of emissions reduction ranges from 2% to 15 % of current emissions depending on the value of damage parameters. We also found that the amount of emissions must be reduced will increase if action is postponed, when the development of climate engineering technology or more efficient use of energy is expected. In addition, we discussed the advantages and disadvantages of the economic instruments available to implement emissions reduction. Tradeable permits and carbon tax are equivalent in their cost-effectiveness, but have different implications in practice.

• Korean Business Review
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• v.14
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• pp.1-30
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• 2001

To prevent the VAT evasion and to form a sound VAT paying culture, we can draw the policy directions for government as follows: First, it is necessary to strengthen the tax supervision of small business and the administration of tax sources of cash-income industry. Second, the tax-deductible rate of the received tax invoices should be increased in a short-term base, and a simplified taxation system should be abolished in a long-term base. Third, in cases a trader has not received a tax invoice, an additional tax should be applied. Forth, to issue the tax invoice faster and conveniently, it is requested to introduce a new system which issues electronic card of registration when a businessman applies for his/her business registration. Fifth, to make tax standard transparent, it is desirable to punish the violator, relating to credit card regulations, stricter than present and to enforce the electronic bookkeeping. Sixth, for the reduction of noncompliance rate and creating a climate for autonomous, faithful tax return, it is necessary to expand and intensify tax investigation. And also it is necessary to make the level of penalty tax higher up and the level of criminal punishment less down, to keep up tax audit coverage. Seventh, a trader who is eligible for simplified taxation, whose tax base is under 12,000 thousand won, should not be required to pay the value added tax. But it is desirable to cut down them for the fairness of tax burden. Eighth, the effective date of the revised tax law should be fixed. Ninth, it is necessary to reinforce publicity and to educate on tax system and administration, for reducing tax evasion or tax avoidance and encouraging faithful tax return. Tenth, as the tendency of VAT evasion of distribution industry turns out to be the highest, it is requested not only to intensify tax administration on them but also to establish system and incentives, for introducing information system in distribution industry(introducing POS system, computerization of transaction record, establishing EDI between traders).

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.1121-1125
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• 2006

급속한 산업화와 도시화로 인하여 이상기후의 발생빈도가 높아지고 기후가 불안정해져서 예전보다 많은 집중호우가 발생되고 있다. 그리고 최근 홍수의 규모와 발생빈도가 증가하면서 홍수로 인한 인명과 재산상의 손실이 반복되고 있다. 이에 따른 홍수피해의 위험을 줄이기 위한 홍수방지시스템의 구축이 절실히 요구되고 있으며 홍수범람구역의 정확한 추정을 위해서는 홍수범람도 작성이 필요하다. 또한 정보통신산업이 급속도로 발전하면서 인터넷 사용의 증가로 많은 사용자들이 웹(Web)을 통해 다양한 데이터를 공유할 수 있고 정보를 검색할 수 있게 되면서 수자원 분야에도 정보의 공유와 자료의 통합을 위하여 Open GIS(The Open Geodata Interoperability Specification) 개념이 도입되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 Web기반으로 홍수범람모의 시스템을 구축하기 위한 기초연구로서 홍수 발생시 침수피해지역을 대상으로 실시간 3차원 홍수범람모의해석이 가능하도록 함으로써 연안지역 피해주민들의 피해를 줄일 수 있도록 하였다. 먼저, 본 연구에서는 이전의 시스템 상에서 정적인 지도로서 표현만 가능하던 것을 시공간적으로 유동성 있는 자료의 분석을 시각화하는 GIS 공간정보기술과 접목시켜 Web상에 동적인 지도형태로 표현함으로써 피해주민들이 쉽게 접할 수 있도록 하여 다양한 정보의 제공이 가능하게 될 것이다. 둘째, Web을 이용함으로써 실시간 홍수재해 정보를 수집하고 분석할 수 있어 인명과 재산의 피해를 줄일 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 본 논문은 홍수범람시스템을 구축하기 위한 기초연구로서 현재는 GIS DB를 구축하는 단계에 있으며, 향후 다양한 유역을 대상으로 홍수범람모의시스템을 구축하여 분석결과를 피해지역주민 및 관련기관 실무자들에게 제공함으로써 시간과 공간에 구애받지 않는 재해관리와 신속한 재해 상황 대처가 가능해 질 것으로 사료된다.는 또 다른 형태의 주제도라고 볼 수 있으며, 이를 구축하기 위해서는 자료변환 및 가공이 필요하다. 즉, 각 상습침수지구에 필요한 지형도는 국립지리원에서 제작된 1:5,000 수치지형도가 있으나 이는 자료가 방대하고 상습침수지구에 필요하지 않은 자료들을 많이 포함하고 있으므로 상습침수지구의 데이터를 인터넷을 통해 서비스하기 위해서는 많은 불필요한 레이어의 삭제, 서비스 속도를 고려한 데이터의 일반화작업, 지도의 축소.확대 등 자료제공 방식에 따른 작업 그리고 가시성을 고려한 심볼 및 색채 디자인 등의 작업이 수반되어야 하며, 이들을 고려한 인터넷용 GIS기본도를 신규 제작한다. 상습침수지구와 관련된 각종 GIS데이타와 각 기관이 보유하고 있는 공공정보 가운데 공간정보와 연계되어야 하는 자료를 인터넷 GIS를 이용하여 효율적으로 관리하기 위해서는 단계별 구축전략이 필요하다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 인터넷 GIS를 이용하여 상습침수구역관련 정보를 검색, 처리 및 분석할 수 있는 상습침수 구역 종합정보화 시스템을 구축토록 하였다.N, 항목에서 보 상류가 높게 나타났으나, 철거되지 않은 검전보나 안양대교보에 비해 그 차이가 크지 않은 것으로 나타났다.의 기상변화가 자발성 기흉 발생에 영향을 미친다고 추론할 수 있었다. 향후 본 연구에서 추론된 기상변화와 기흉 발생과의 인과관계를 확인하고 좀 더 구체화하기 위한 연구가 필요할 것이다.게 이루어질 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.는 초과수익률이 상승하지만, 이후로는 감소하므로, 반전거래전략을 활용하는 경우 주식투자기간은 24개월이하의 중단기가 적합함을 발견하였다. 이상의 행태적 측면과 투자성과측면의 실증결과를 통하여 한국주식시장에 있어서 시장수익률을 평균적으로 초과할 수 있는 거래전략은 존재하므로 이러한 전략을 개발 및 활용할 수 있으며, 특히, 한국주식시장에 적합한 거래전략은 반전거래전략이고, 이 전략의 유용성은 투자자가

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.406-430
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• 2007

Most pharmaceutical licensing deals are made in the early stage of drug development. While this development process is not unique for complicated technology, a special feature of drug development is that it is highly regulated and a well-defined process. Its statistics in terms of costs and chances of technical success have been researched extensively. This enables relatively detailed calculations as benchmarks for actual deals to be made. Based on such calculations and on the analysis of licensing terms in published agreements, various companies offer quite expensive information, databases, software programs and consultation services to help establish what might be reasonable economic terms in a licensing deal. Over the years, pharmaceutical royalties have been the subject of various articles in journals. Most specific on this subject was the article on determining pharmaceutical royalties. Many other articles are about a more general nature deal with determining reasonable royalty rates, evaluating and underpinning the empirical value and usefulness of the 25% rule. The object of this article is to provide a relatively simple analytical approach based on the major economic terms underlying pharmaceutical licensing deals. The aim is to enhance the understanding of the relations between the major factors involved. Details are disregarded, as generally, where the terms of licensing deals depend on predictions over a considerable length of time, the value of detail is limited. Some specific issues addressed by the approach are the impact on profits of large investments, high risks and long development times characteristic of drug development, the consequent strong impact that the ultimate sales levels and operating margins may have on what might be considered a reasonable royalty rate, and the relationship between upfront payments and milestone payments to be paid during pharmaceutical development and the royalties due once the drug enters the market.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.209-230
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to have a main change of korea logistics industry analysis and take in the whole situation and the characteristics about a logistics firms. In korean logistics industry, The rate of a carriage is among the low-level as compared with the increasingly high prices for diesel. besides, a national logistics cost and the sales in the transportation industry has increased steadily. On the other hand, the number of trucks and transfer companies has decreased steadily. This change is attributed to expansion of logistics firm size through the limit on a raise in the number of trucks and introduction of a direct consignment system. But medium and small logistics firm size is dwindling in numbers. In the meantime, 2PL since early 2000s has rapidly rose as powerful players in logistics industry by a strong Support of the parent companies. Government and academia have long noted the limit and problems of 2PL system and emphasize on the necessity of activating the 3PL system. So this study divided broadly into two groups that the primary characteristics of korea logistics industry are 2PL and 3PL. Through the results of this study, the management and financial perspectives mean that there is a considerable difference between 2PL and 3PL.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.185-191
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• 2012

The essence of Mutual aid service is looking into the general commerce about its goods and services that is a general viewpoint. Through the contract that the contractor related with the Mutual aid associations and Mutual aid companies. provide the goods and services to future member's demanding point. and members are pay out money, and pay for that on the installment plan. This Mutual aid business had been increased rapidly after 2005, it is expanded huge business, even its scale alone, the cost is estimated at over three trillion won. But because of Mutual aid business's prepayment installment plan, stipulated substance of the Law on hire-purchase systems were more actualized than in the past, but it leave much to be desired. for example, the obligation of explanation to Mutual aid associations and members of Mutual aid company, the consumer protection about the contract of advance received deposit, upward problem of capital, when establish the Mutual aid company etc. in this paper will review these problems and improvement about legal details that for the customers of Mutual aid service and development of Mutual aid industry, and claimed about Mutual aid law's singular legislation.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.155-174
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• 2021

This study noted the emergence of the Resell investment within the fashion market, among emerging investment techniques. Worldwide, the market size is growing rapidly, and currently, there is a craze taking place throughout Korea. Therefore, we would like to use shoe data from StockX, the representative site of Resell, to present basic guidelines to consumers and to break down barriers to entry into the Resell market. Moreover, it showed the current status of the Resell craze, which was based on information from various media outlets, and then presented the current status and research model of the Resell market through prior research. Raw data was collected and analyzed using the XGBoost algorithm and the Prophet model. Analysis showed that the factors that affect the Resell market were identified, and the shoes suitable for the Resell market were also identified. Furthermore, historical data on shoes allowed us to predict future prices, thereby predicting future profitability. Through this study, the market will allow unfamiliar consumers to actively participate in the market with the given information. It also provides a variety of vital information regarding Resell investments, thus. forming a fundamental guideline for the market and further contributing to addressing entry barriers.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.9
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• pp.9-18
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• 2021

Constructing the Metropolitan Railway Express (the GTX) may have an impact on consumer confidence and housing sales price located near the planned route. This study looked at how consumers' psychology and housing prices change as the large-scale transport infrastructure plane was planned. Also, it looked at the relationship between consumer sentiment and housing prices to analyze the impact of new transportation facilities inflows. Using a correlation analysis, the relationship between the consumer sentiment index and the actual transaction price of apartments was identified. The impact of GTX on the consumer sentiment index and the actual transaction price of apartments was looked at using the Difference-in-Differences methodology. Our finding shows that the construction plan of a large-scale transportation infrastructure in the metropolitan area affects the sentiment of housing consumption and actual transactions. In a situation where the government is speeding up the construction of a wide-area transportation network such as GTX with the goal of becoming a city where people can commute to downtown Seoul within 30 minutes, policies that can stabilize the housing market in transportation hubs should be suggested.

• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
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• v.20 no.1 s.91
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• pp.9-16
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• 2005

최초의 인터넷 웜(worm)으로 불리는 Morris 웜이 1988년 11월에 발표된 이래로 현재까지 많은 웜 공격이 발생되고 또 발표되어 왔다. 초기의 웜은 작은 규모의 네트워크에서 퍼지는 정도였으며, 실질적인 피해를 주는 경우는 거의 없었다. 그러나 2001년 CodeRed 웜은 인터넷에 연결된 많은 컴퓨터들을 순식간에 감염시켜 많은 피해를 발생시켰으며 그 이후 2003년 1월에 발생한 Slammer 웜은 10분이라는 짧은시간안에 75,000여 대 이상의 호스트를 감염시키고 네트워크 자체를 마비시켰다. 특히 Slammer 웜은 국내에서 더욱 유명하다. 명절 구정과 맞물려 호황을 누리던 인터넷 쇼핑 몰, 은행 거래 등을 일시에 마비시켜 버리면서 경제적으로도 막대한 피해를 우리에게 주었다. 이런 웜을 막기 위해서 많은 보안 업체들이나서고 있으나, 아직은 사전에 웜의 피해를 막을만한 확실한 대답을 얻지 못하고 있다. 본 문서에서는 현재 웜의 발생 초기 단계를 탐지하고 이를 피해가 커지기 이전에 막기 위한 연구들을 설명할 것이다.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.41-41
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• 2002

소매유통업에 있어 충성고객을 발견하고 효과적으로 관리하는 일은 마케팅 부서의 주요 관심사라고 할 수 있다. 최근 성숙된 유통 채널로 자리잡고 있는 인터넷 소매유통업도 다양한 마케팅 노력을 기울이고 있으며 그 성과가 기존 소매유통업 보다 클 것으로 기대하고 있는데 이는 인터넷 소매유통업이 기본적으로 디지털 기반 구조 하에 사업이 수행되기 때문이다. 그러나, 매출 규모가 확장됨에 따라 고객 관계가 보다 복잡해지고 거래 건수도 크게 확장되고 있는 인터넷 소매유통업은 전자적으로 이용 가능한 고객 관리 서비스를 필요로 하고 있다 본 논문은 인터넷 소매유통업의 충성고객관리를 위한 웹서비스의 프레임웍 및 적용 사례를 제시하고 있다. 고객관리 웹서비스의 기본 모델은 전통적인 RFM분석에 기반을 두고 있는데 복잡한 충성고객관리 업무를 처리하는 에이전트를 제공한다. 인터넷 쇼핑몰이나 상점의 운영 시스템과 용이하게 통합될 수 있는 웹서비스는 적은 비용으로 효과적인 고객관리를 실현하는데 기여할 것으로 기대된다.