• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.14-19
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• 1985

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of red earth addition in sandy loam paddies. Clay contents of the red earths were 19% (loam) and 35% (clay loam). The treatments were 3 levels of red earth and 2 levels of fertilizer. The results were summerized as follows: 1. Water decrease rate was lowered with the increase of clay by the red earth application in sandy loam paddies. 2. Red earth addition increased CEC and available $SiO_2$ in sandy loam, and integrated soil improvement showed higher pH and lower Eh than standard fertilizer application. 3. Rice yields in the red earth addition of loam were decreased by 2-3% at standard fertilizer application and increased by 2-4% at integrated soil improvement. Otherwise, rice yields in the red earth application of clay loam were increased by 1-4% at standard fertilizer application and 3-8% at integrated soil improvement.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.381-388
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• 1984

Addition of heavy textured red earth is being recommended to improve the texture and nutirent retention capacity of sandy soil in Korea. However, farmers are not favorable to this description because of high transportation cost and hard working. To solve this pending problem a field experiment was carried out to investigate the possibility of application of Zeolite as a foreign earth material to improve the physical and chemical characteristics of sandy soil. The experiment results suggested that Zeolite mixed with the basal N fertilizer would be substituted for other foreign earth materials in aspects of rice yield and nitrogen uptake of rice shoot. On the other hand, ammonium adsorption characteristics of soil and amendments were studied.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 1997.05a
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• pp.12-16
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• 1997

폐금속 광산 주변 및 광산 하부 농경지 토양에 대한 중금속 오염원으로서 폐금속 광산 주변에 방치된 폐석의 영향을 고찰하고 오염토양에 대한 복구방법으로서 반전객토의 효율성을 검토하기 위하여 동진 금·은·동 광산 주변토양과 하부 농경지 중 오염된 논, 객토된 논 및 오염되지 않은 논을 선정하여 각각의 토양과 변에서 보여지는 금속원소의 함량과 분포특성을 비교·고찰한 결과, 동진광산에 주변에 방치된 폐석은 폐광된지 30여년이 지난 지금에도 주변토양 및 수계 하부의 농경지에 강한 중금속 오염원으로 작용하고 있음을 보여 이들의 광해를 방지하기 위해 적절한 복구대책이 필요한 것으로 판명되었다. 오염토양의 복구법으로서 반전객토지에서 산출된 나락의 중금속 함량(Cd 0.015ppm, Cr 0.07ppm, Cu 0.567ppm)은 비객토 오염지(Cd 0.096-0.215ppm, Cr 0.195-0.275ppm, Cu 1.085-1.151ppm)에 비해 대부분의 원소에서 2배 이상 낮은 값을 보이고 있어 농작물에의 중금속 전이를 억제하는 데는 상당히 효율적임을 시사했다. 이러한 결과는, 단순히 토양의 물리성 개선 및 이에 따른 토양환경의 변화 등에 의한 일시적 효과일 수 있음을 배제할 수 없지만, 적어도 반전객토법이 토질개선 방법 중 가장 간편하고 오염된 토양부분의 배출토에 대한 처리문제 및 이로 인한 이차오염문제 등을 고려하지 않아도 된다는 점을 감안할 때 소규모 금속광산 주변으로 비교적 오염정도가 약한 토양을 정화법으로 이용될 수 있음을 시사한다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2005.04a
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• pp.167-170
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• 2005

대부분의 폐광산 주변 농경지 토양은 비소 및 여러 중금속으로 오염되어 있으며, 이러한 중금속들의 지속적인 용출에 의해 주변 지하수 오염과 재배 농산물의 중금속 축적이 우려되고 있다. 오염토양에서의 중금속 용출에 의한 오염을 막기 위하여 본 연구에서는 개량제를 이용한 안정화 공법을 선택하여 하부로 배출되는 중금속의 용출율을 감소시키는 실험을 실시하였다. 생석회(CaO)를 개량제로 이용하여 실제 오염 농경지 현장과 비슷한 대형칼럼을 제작한 후 인공강우를 주입, 하부로 용출되는 중금속의 농도를 측정함으로써 생석회 첨가에 의한 용출율 감소를 규명하였다. 개량제를 비오염토와 혼합하여 오염토양 상부에 복토한 것과 오염토와 혼합하여 객토한 칼럼을 각각 제작하였으며 투입되는 생석회의 양도 $2{\sim}10%$로 다양하게 적용 하였고, 첨가된 개량제의 성상도 분말과 입상으로 나누어 실험하였다. 주입하는 인공강우는 연구지역 주변의 10년간의 연 평균 강수량을 토대로 산정하였으며, 복토와 객토를 하지 않은 오염토양도 같은 조건에서 용출을 실시하였다. 실험결과 생석회의 성상에 따른 중금속 용출율의 차이는 없었으며, 개량제 함량은 5%가 적당한 것으로 나타났다. 복토와 객토를 비교하였을 때 용출되는 중금속의 농도는 객토가 복토에 비해 낮아 중금속 용출율 감소효과가 매우 큰 것으로 나타났으며, 중금속의 종류에 따라 용출율 감소의 차이를 나타내었다. 복토법의 경우 As의 용출율은 분말 생석회를 5% 복토한 경우 용출율이 10배 감소하고 Cd의 경우 2%와 5% 복토한 경우 각각 25배와 161배 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. Pb의 경우 생석회로 5%로 복토한 경우 10배정도의 용출율 감소를 보였고 Zn의 용출율은 분말, 입상 생석회를 5% 복토한 경우 80배$\sim$155배 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 객토법의 경우 입상생석회를 5% 복토한 경우 Cd과 Zn 각각 200배에서 400배의 용출율 감소를 나타내었다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.8
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• pp.61-63
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• 1967

1. This experiment was carried out, as part of virgin soil application project conducted by Chung Buk Province in 1966, to determine the effect of application of field red soil to rice paddy for enhancing the fertility of sterile paddy soil. 2. This applied field soil from the mountain near Chung Buk College contains 1.31% of active iron. 3. The plots of 15,000 kg, 22,500 kg, 30,000 kg, and 7,500 kg had increased yields of 11%, 9%, 8%, and 6% in weight of unhulled rice, respectively. 4. Although any significance was not recognized among the levels of treatment at 5% level in F test, the plot of 15,000 kg was highly significant, and those of 22,500 kg and 30,000 kg significant, where as that of 7,500 kg was non-significant compared with the control. 5. It seems that the most effective amount of application is 15,000 kg/10 a in this experiment. 6. The infection rate of rice blast and neck rot decreased with the increased amount of application.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.104 no.1
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• pp.43-49
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• 2015

The production of high quality seedlings is a very important phase in silvicultural systems for successful reforestation or restoration. The purpose of this study was to quantitatively measure both growth performances and nutrient responses of Fraxinus rhynchophylla, Pinus densiflora, and Pinus koraiensis seedlings, which are commercially planted in Korea, according to the different types of soil improvement treatments. We applied soil brought (hereafter 'brought'), subsoil inversion (hereafter 'subsoil'), and mixture of brought soil with soil on nursery bed (hereafter 'mixing') in a permanent national nursery. Silt and clay contents were the highest at the subsoil treatment and organic material, soil nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations were the lowest at the brought treatment. The growth of F. rhynchophylla was the lowest at the subsoil treatment, but there were no significant differences among treatments. There were significant differences in only root nutrient concentrations of F. rhynchophylla among treatments: nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium concentrations were the lowest at the subsoil or brought treatment. Mixing treatment increased N contents with deduction of N concentrations ('dilution') because of more dry weight increase compared with the amount of N uptake. This study suggested mix of brought soil with soil on a nursery bed in a permanently used nursery can economically be an effective technique to improve soil quality.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.131-138
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• 1987

Experimental informations on the possible alternative resources of soil addition in sandy paddy soils were obtained by applying fertilizer N, P, and K to the top of 26 cm long columns containing the soil-ameliorator mixture and by determining the concentration and leaching loss of nutrients in percolated water and permeability. 1. Addition of red earth and compost to soils decreased pronouncedly the permeability. Relative magnitude of permeability was compost+slag+red earth > compost+red earth > compost > red earth > compost+slag > slag > non-added soil. 2. Concentration and leaching loss of $NH_4-N$ and $SiO_2$ were high by addition of compost-slag or red earth mixture to soils. The present of these nutrients in soils after experiment was, also, higher than that in non-added soil and in red earth to soils. 3. Those of K, Ca, and Mg were similar to $NH_4-N$ and $SiO_2$. Especially, leaching loss and present of K in soils by addition of compost to soils were higher dramatically than those of non-added soil and of red earth to soils. 4. Those of $Fe^{{+}{+}}$ in non-added soil were much higher than those by addition of compost and slag to soils. These values were the highest in 12 days after submergence, while these of $Mn^{{+}{+}}$ the lowest. 5. Concentration of $NH_4-N$ was high by addition of compost to soils, while the present of it in soils after experiment was tended to be contrary.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.156-161
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• 2004

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of soil amendment with different characteristics on plant growth, fruit yield and quality of oriental melon for continuous cropping under protected cultivation. Humus layers in arable soil was disturbed because soil amendment from hillside to oriental melon field was continued to resolve problems for continuous cropping. Water potential and hardness of soil was decreased in sandy loam with lower clay contents compared with loam and silty clay. Leaf length and area, fresh and dry weight of plant at earlier growing stage were higher, but chlorophyll contents of leaves were dropped in sandy loam compared with silty clay soil. Fruit size and weight was higher in sandy loam, but soluble solid and color of fruit were increased in silty clay. Marketable and unmarketable yield and quantity of fermented fruit were the highest in sandy loam. Hardness and weight of fruit were decreased by longer storage period and soluble solids of fruit was peaked at 5 day after storage, but decreased by prolonged continued storage. Because of these results, soil characteristics of amendment to oriental melon field should be considered as an important factor for quality and yield of oriental melon.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.90-95
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• 1984

To improve the physico-mechanical characteristics of heavy clayey paddy soils(Hwadong series) on Diluvial terrace after application of fine sand and briquette ashes, barley and rice were cultivated for 2 years. The influences of sand and briquette ashes on soil properties and on the crops were summarized as follows: 1. Application of the adding materials could not affect the yield of rice but barley yields were increased significantly about 18-19% in the plots of sand 100t/10a(clay 15% adjusted) and in the plots of briquette ashes. 2. The porosity and the content of water stable aggregates were decreased in the plots of sand and briquette ash adding. The chemical properties were slightly decreased in the plots of sands while the contents of av. $SiO_2$: and extr K were increased in the plots of briquette ashes. 3. Soil mechanical properties such as cone penetration resistance, shearing resistance and plastic index etc. were decreased while the friction resistance increased in the plots of sand and briquette ash treatments. Consequently, the adaptability to mechanization was increased. 4. The content of rice roots in subsoils (10-20cm) were increased in the plots of sand and briquette ash treatments.

• The Bimonthly Magazine for Agrochemicals and Plant Protection
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• v.3 no.11
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• pp.78-86
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• 1982