• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.257-276
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• 2022

Studies on rare and endemic plant conservation should be performed nationally to conserve plant diversity. Studies targeting a specific taxon have been reported based on the necessity of conserving plant diversity. From this point of view, there is an increasing necessity to compare and evaluate the studies for conservation. Moreover, it is necessary to analyze and review the direction for study subjects and items required for effective conservation of rare and endemic plants in Korea, based on the analysis results of collected data. We analyzed trends of studies on rare and endemic plants worldwide. In particular, we collected and analyzed the study trend in Korea. Study fields of the rare and endemic plants were divided into six classifications, of which the conservation ecology classification was sub-divided into the species traits, population study, and biological interaction. We have collected conservation ecology studies showing significant differences in regions and countries. They have been actively conducted in Europe and North America by region and in Japan and the United States by country. On the contrary, studies on basic ecology accounted for the most, followed by conservation genetics and restoration ecology in Korea. It was revealed that the portion of conservation ecology conducted in Korea was lower than that of the world. Moreover, studies mainly focused on a specific taxon of rare and endemic plants, such as endangered plants designated by the Korean Ministry of Environment. Particularly in Korea, conservation genetics and restoration ecology studies accounted for high percentages. Considering the worldwide study trends, particularly those in Europe and North America that lead the study of conservation ecology, we suggest approaches to increase the percentages of conservation ecology, including securing the information on species traits, population structure and population dynamics, and interaction between animals and plants are necessary for effective conservation of rare and endemic plants in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.300-318
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• 2019

Many infraspecific taxa within Lespedeza maximowiczii and hybrids with related species have been described, but taxonomic verification remains controversial. We examined the morphological traits of hybrids (L. chiisanensis and L. patentibicolor) and infraspecific taxa (var. tomentella, elongata, and tricolor) and analyzed their genetic structures using microsatellite loci. Flower and leaflet shapes in var. tomentella and elongata were within the range of variation of those in var. maximowiczii, and individuals in the two former varieties were grouped into var. maximowiczii. Lespedeza maximowiczii var. tricolor was similar to L. buergeri in terms of the structure and flower color, whereas the leaflet and bracteole shapes of var. tricolor were similar to those of var. maximowiczii. Based on the genetic structure (K = 3), var. tricolor had a mixed lineage with L. maximowiczii and L. buergeri. In addition, these formed a distinct lineage at K = 5. For two hybrids, the flower and leaflet structure in L. chiisanensis did not differ from those in L. maximowiczii, whereas the flowers of L. patentibicolor were within the range of variation of L. bicolor. In addition, L. chiisanensis and L. patentibicolor were assigned to L. maximowiczii and L. bicolor, respectively, based on the genetic structure. We treated var. tomentella and elongata as a forma, f. friebeana, because L. friebeana preceded var. tomentella, whereas var. tricolor was treated as a distinct species, L. tricolor. Lespedeza chiisanensis was recognized as a synonym of L. maximowiczii. Lespedeza patentibicolor was considered to be L. bicolor.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.3 s.83
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• pp.318-327
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• 2007

This study presents the molecular phylogenetic analysis of Korean Aurelia aurita Linnaeus collected from Yeosu in the southern waters of Korea using nuclear ITS1 region and mitochondrial COI gene sequences. The use of oligonucleotide primers F5 (forward) and R5 (reverse) targeted to ITS1 and LCO1490 (forward) and HCO2198 (reverse) targeted to COI amplified 267 bp and 643 bp fragments, respectively. The shortest genetic distance towards the ITS1 region is estimated at 0.023 when comparing Korean A. aurita to Aurelia sp. collected from California, USA. In particular, Korean and American/Swedish A. aurita were located far away in terms of genetic distance, ranging from 0.393 to 0.395. On the other hand, the genetic distance between Korean and English/Turkish/Swedish/American A. aurita regarding the mitochondrial DNA COI gene ranged from 0.201 to 0.205. However, a sister-ship with Korean and American A. aurita showed an extremely high bootstrap value (100%). The predicted secondary RNA structure of the mitochondrial DNA COI gene showed many different folding structures with a similar energy between Korean and American A. aurita. These results suggest that ITS1 and the mitochondrial DNA COI gene could be used as genetic markers for identification of the biogeographic populations.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.85-100
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• 2008

Gray leaf spot (GLS) is a serious fungal disease caused by Pyricularia oryzae Cavara, recently reported on the important turf and forage species, perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenneL.). This fungus also causes rice blast, which is usually controlled by host resistance, but durability of resistance is a problem. Few instances of GLS resistance have been reported in perennial ryegrass. However, two major QTL for GLS resistance have been detected on linkage groups 3 and 6 in an Italian x perennial ryegrass mapping population. To confirm that those QTL are still detectable in the next generation and can function in a different genetic background, a resistant segregant from this population has been crossed with an unrelated susceptible perennial clone, to form a new mapping population segregating for GLS resistance. QTL analysis has been performed in the new population, using two different ryegrass field isolates and RAPD, RFLP, and SSR marker-based linkage maps for each parent. Results indicate the previously identified QTL on linkage group 3 is still significant in the new population, with LOD and percent of phenotypic variance explained ranging from 2.0 to 3.5 and 5% to 10%, respectively. Also two QTL were detected in the susceptible parent, with similar LOD and phenotypic variance explained. Although the linkage group 6 QTL was not detected, the major QTL on linkage group 3 appears to beconfirmed. These results will add to our understanding of the genetic architecture of GLS resistance in ryegrass, which will facilitate its use in perennial ryegrass breeding programs.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.368-383
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• 2014

Climate change is expected to affect population density, phenology, distribution, morphological traits, reproduction and genetics of insects, and even in the extinction of insects. To develop novel research subjects for predicting climate change effect, basic information about biological and ecological data on insect species should be compiled and reviewed. For this reason, this study was conducted to collect the biological information on insect pests that are essential for predicting potential damage caused by insect pests in future environment. In addition, we compared domestic and foreign research trends regarding climate change effect and suggested future research subjects. Domestic researchers were rather narrow in the subject, and were mostly conducted based on short-term monitoring data to determine relationship between insects and environmental variables. On the other hand, foreign researches studied on various subjects to analyze the effect of climate change, such as changes in distribution of insect using long-term monitoring data or their prediction using population parameters and models, and monitoring of the change of the insect community structure. To determine change of the phenology, distribution, overwintering characteristics, and genetic structures of insects under climate change through development of monitoring technique, in conclusion, further researches are needed. Also, development of population models for major or potential pests is important for prediction of climate change effects.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.632-643
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• 2021

The objective of this study was to examine vegetation community structure and distribution of Fraxinus chiisanensis in Mt.Minjuji of Chungcheongbuk-do by setting up and surveying 8 plots (400 m² each). Mean Importance Value (MIV) of Fraxinus chiisanensis in 8 plots was 35.19% in average (ranging from 26.07~42.74%). Since it is the dominant species in all plots, it is expected to maintain the present vegetation structure. The analysis of the DBH (diameter at breast height) showed that the diameter of Fraxinus chiisanensis in Mt.Minjuji ranges from 2 to 43cm. The majority of Fraxinus chiisanensis is expected to maintain current state unless disturbance or rapid environmental change occurs. The Species Diversity (H') was 0.8498~1.0261, Evenness (J') was 0.8160~0.9256, Dominance Index (D) was 0.0789~0.1840, Maximum Diversity (H'max) was 1.0414~1.2041. The analysis of annual ring and radial growth showed that the average age of Fraxinus chiisanensis in Mt.Minjuji was 29.1years(ranging from 22~58years). The average annual radial growth of Fraxinus chiisanensis was the highest in community G with 5.84mm and the lowest in community B with 2.80mm. The similarity index analysis revealed that the similarity index between community B and E, C and F, H was the highest with 69.0%, and the similarity index between community E and F was the lowest with 29.6%. Both the area of Fraxinus chiisanensis community of Mt.Minjuji and its population size are very small. Therefore, this area needs to be designated as Forest Genetic Resource Reserve.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.56 no.5
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• pp.701-707
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• 2023

We investigated Euphausia pacifica population in Korean waters in 2016 By samplings for genetic structur at five stations. Three sampling stations were located in the middle of the water masses which were clustered by temperature and salinity whereas the other stations were at the boundaries of the water masses. We amplified a 566 bp region and compared it with sequences of E. pacifica distributed in other waters. Sequences were classified two clades, and a clade was formed in the station E. Genetic distance of station E was close to E. pacifica present in Bering Sea, while it was distant to E. pacifica present in Yellow Sea near China. In genetic analysis, seven haplotypes were formed. Hap-1 and Hap-2 were shared in all five stations, while Hap-3 was shared in station W and WS. Four independent haplotypes were present in station E. Haplotype and nucleotide diversity were the highest in station E and the lowest in station S. The F_ST distances between station E and other stations were the highest, but distances among other stations were low. As a result, we concluded that E. pacifica, which is distributed in Korean waters, has a genetic population differentiation in the East Sea (station E).

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.55-61
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• 2014

To examine the forest structure and variation of samara and leaf shape of Acer pictum subsp. mono (APSM), We investigated forest structure and samara angles and length, and leaf shape in three natural population of APSM in Yanggu-gun, Youngyang-gun and Kwangyang-si from June 2012 to October 2013. Mean importance percentage (MIP) of APSM is shown lower values in Yanggu 19.8%, in Youngyang 22.0%, and in Kwangyang 17.1%, respectively. In middle layer, importance percentage (IP) of APSM is shown lower values than that of Acer pseudosieboldianum and Carpinus cordata. In lower layer, importance percentage (IP) of APSM is shown lower values in Yanggu 1.8%, in Youngyang 1.9%, and in Kwangyang 0.0%, respectively. From these results, MIP of APSM in natural population might be reduced in future. Angles between wings and samara length are significantly different between districts. APSM with seven palmate vein leaf are distributed more frequently at Kwangyang and Youngyang than Yanggu. Percentages of biserrate leaf is shown in Yanggu 0.6%, in Youngyang 15.8%, and in Kwangyang 20.4%, respectively. These results implies genetic variation in natural APSM population and further studies on the genetic variation analysis in natuel population of APSM should be needed.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.181-190
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• 2024

Bovine mastitis-associated Escherichia coli (BMEC) is considered the main causative agent of significant financial losses in the dairy industry worldwide, as it alters both the quantity and quality of milk produced and increases the rate of culling. This creates a variety of challenges for researchers, veterinarians, and farmers in understanding and determining the most effective therapies and diagnostic techniques. Subclinical mastitis is particularly concerning, as infected bovines exhibit no obvious symptoms and continue to secrete apparently normal milk over an extended period, allowing the causative pathogen, E. coli, to spread within the herd. For effective prevention, understanding the pathogenesis of mastitis through three stages invasion, infection, and inflammation is essential. To date, no clear correlation has been found between virulence factors and pathogenicity contributing to the clinical severity of BMEC. Multidrug-resistant E. coli and the evolution of novel resistance mechanisms have become concerns owing to the extensive use of antibiotics to treat mastitis. Therefore, it is vital to explore alternative controls to enhance the efficacy of BMEC treatment. Over the past 30 years, various genetic typing techniques have been used to examine the subspecies-level epidemiology of bovine mastitis. These studies have advanced our understanding of the origin, transmission pathway, population structure, and evolutionary relatedness of BMEC strains. In this review we provide an overview of BMEC, including insights into its etiology, genetic relationship, pathogenesis, and management of the disease, as well as new therapy options.

• 보존과학연구
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• s.32
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• pp.171-183
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• 2011

In this study molecular genetic analysis was carried out on 4 human skeletal remains from Osuri, Buyeo. We showed that real-time PCR is the method of the choice to assess the initial number of genuine ancient DNA molecules. Human mitochondrial DNA quantification was accomplished by the real-time PCR for the cytochrome b gene of the mitochondria. Histological results proved to be a good potentiality for biochemical analysis using biomolecule. The level of specimen's preservation state was proved that level of quantitative result was BO-04, BO-01, BO-03, BO-02. Continually, we showed that biochemical and biomolecule results for the level of preservation state were similar. This study will be useful to important material for predicting biochemistry and biology analysis of the ancient bone.