• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.169-178
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• 2008

Level of Service (LOS) is one of ways to evaluate operational conditions. It is very important factor in evaluation especially for the facility of highways. However, some studies proved that ${\upsilon}/c$ ratio and accident rate is appeared like a second function which has a U-form. It means there is a gap between LOS and safety of highway facilities. Therefore, this study presents a method for evaluation of a signalized intersection which is considered both smooth traffic operation (delay) and traffic safety (accident). Firstly, as a result of our research, accident rates and EPDO are decreased when it has a big delay. In that reason, it is necessary to make a new Level of Service included traffic safety. Secondly, this study has developed a negative binominal regression model which is based on the relation between accident patterns and stream. Thirdly, standards of LOS are presented which is originated from calculation between annual delay costs and annual accident cost at each intersection. Lastly, worksheet form is presented as an expression to an estimation step of a signalized intersection with traffic accident prediction model and new LOS.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.23-43
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of career indecision, job search behavior, and p-j/p-o fit among college graduates based on sub-scales of career indecision (lack of career information, lack of self-clarity, decisiveness, lack of necessity recognition, external Barrier). This study explored the effect of career indecision on job search behavior and p-j/p-o fit and the effect of job search behavior on p-j/p-o fit in longitudinal method. The main results were as follows: 1) Career indecision had negative effect on job search behavior and p-j/p-o fit. In other words, the higher career indecision level is, the less job search behavior is performed. And the higher career indecision level is, the lower p-j/p-o fit perception is: 2) Career indecision was connected with preparatory job search behavior and informal job search behavior: 3) Decisiveness of career indecision was connected with p-j/p-o fit and lack of self-clarity was connected with p-j fit. 4) Job search behavior was not connected with p-j/p-o fit. Thus job search behavior didn't have prerequisite for mediator between career indecision and p-j/p-o fit. The findings are discussed in terms of the implications for further research.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.219-227
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• 2015

This study analyzes the right guarantee level of Job Creation Project for the Elderly by participation type based on Madrid International Plan of Action on Ageing. The analysis is conducted using '2012 Job Creation Project for the Elderly Participants Survey' of Korea Labor Force Development Institute for the Aged. The major findings are as follows: First, "social contribution" type's implementation level of "active participation in society and development" is not high enough. Second, considering the average age of the participants, the level of "work and the ageing labor force" is high enough while the practical level is not high in market. Third, the level of "access to knowledge, education and training" is not enough within "market entrance" participants. Fourth, the level of "poverty reduction" and "income security" is not high. Based on the results, this study proposes that the quality of "social contribution" type's occupations and "market entrance" type's education should be improved. Also, the wages of the entire occupations provided by this project need to be raised.

• Journal of Science Education
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.15-30
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• 2024

This study aimed to analyze students' cognitive levels and the cognitive demands of mathematical concepts related to science to understand why students struggle to comprehend scientific concepts and tend to avoid learning them. Initially, the mathematics and science curricula of the 2015 revised curriculum were examined to extract learning elements related to mathematics within middle school science content. The Curriculum Analysis Taxonomy (CAT) was then employed to analyze the cognitive levels required by the learning content. In the domain of chemistry, among a total of 20 learning elements related to mathematics, 12 required an understanding at the level of initial formal manipulation (3A), while 3 necessitated comprehension at the level of later formal manipulation (3B). It was noted that cognitive logic types such as proportional reasoning, mathematical manipulation, and measurement skills were prominently employed in elements corresponding to both 3A and 3B. As for biology, out of 7 learning elements related to mathematics, 3 required an understanding at the level of initial formal manipulation (3A), and 2 necessitated comprehension at the level of later formal manipulation (3B). Elements corresponding to both 3A and 3B in biology predominantly involved correlational logic, indicating a somewhat different cognitive challenge compared to the domain of chemistry. Considering that the average percentage of middle school students capable of formal thinking, as analyzed through the GALT short form, was 12.1% for the first year, 16.6% for the second year, and 29.3% for the third year, it can be concluded that the cognitive demands of mathematics-related chemistry and biology learning content are relatively high compared to students' cognitive levels.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.887-900
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• 2014

This study was conducted to provide a job analysis for, and assess the job performance of horticultural therapists, as well as examine future educational needs. To this end, a chart developed using the DACUM method was chosen as the appropriate tool for the job analysis of horticultural therapists (Study 1). Based on the chart, a survey using an evaluation form was produced to investigate the current level of job performance and future required level of horticultural therapists (Study 2). A total of 8 duties and 45 tasks were classified to examine job performance, based on analysis of the DACUM Council (Study 1). These duties include A. Decide execution organization for horticultural therapy (HT) program, B. Diagnose and assess clients before starting the HT program, C. Plan HT program, D. Develop HT program, E. Prepare to implement HT program for each session, F. Implement HT program for each session, G. Implement overall assessment for HT program, and H. Develop oneself as a horticultural therapist. Their duties were broken down further into five to eight tasks per duty, totaling 45 tasks. Based on the horticultural therapist job performance sheet developed through this process, an assessment of the current job level of horticultural therapists was performed and future required level were examined (Study 2). The evaluation forms were sent to 779 horticultural therapists with level 1 or 2 certification via email or mail delivery. The analysis of 242 questionnaires (31.1%) revealed that horticultural therapists with level 1 certificates have a significantly higher job performance level for 34 of the 45 tasks. Regarding future required level, 20 out of 45 tasks were assessed as higher for level 1 horticultural therapists than level 2. In addition, a Borich formula was utilized to identify the priority of educational needs for the 45 horticultural therapist tasks. The results revealed the following top three tasks: H1. Receive feedback from the supervisor for the horticultural therapy program; A1. Distribute promotional materials about the horticultural therapy program; and H2. Submit a grant proposal for horticultural therapy program to organizations such as welfare foundations. The results of this study are anticipated to facilitate understanding and improve work conditions for current horticultural therapists or horticultural therapists-in-training. In addition, institutions that train horticultural therapists will be able to use this as basic research to develop a practical training curriculum.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.58-60
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• 2005

본 논문에서는 RFID 프라이버시 보호를 위한 개인 모바일 장치에 대해 제안한다. 현재까지 제안되었던 보안 기법들은 태그와 리더 사이의 암호학적 기법에 중점을 두었다. 제안하는 프라이버시 보호 에이전트는 다른 논문과는 달리 특별한 모바일 기기를 사용하여 높은 수준의 보안을 제공한다. 에이전트에 등록된 태그가 자신의 정보를 보안 에이전트에 위임하여 태그의 역할을 대신하게 하는 방식을 사용한다. 에이전트는 접근하는 리더를 인증하고 자신이 관리하는 태그 정보들을 선별하여 높은 수준의 암호화 처리 후 안전하게 통신한다. 태그는 해쉬만 가능하면 위변조문제까지 막을 수 있으므로 현재 RFID 시스템의 큰 변경없이 에이전트가 도입 가능하며 RFID 프라이버시 보호 문제를 해결 할 수 있을 것이라 기대된다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2012.06a
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• pp.42-44
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• 2012

최근 안드로이드 애플리케이션의 수가 폭발적으로 증가함에 따라, 개인정보 유출 등 악성 행위를 하는 애플리케이션의 수 또한 증가하고 있다. 이에 대응하기 위해 스마트폰에서 개인정보 유출을 막기 위한 연구가 진행되어 왔으나, 이를 우회하는 악성코드도 지속적으로 출현하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 안드로이드 플랫폼에서 개인정보 유출을 방지하기 위해 안전한 저장소를 적용하는 방법을 제안한다. 기존의 UID와 퍼미션(Permission)에 의한 자원 접근제어와 달리, 안전한 저장소는 자원에 접근하는 주체의 권한(Privilege)에 관계없이 오직 app_Whitelist에 명시된 애플리케이션만이 해당 자원에 접근을 할 수 있도록 허용한다. 본 제안 방법을 위해 시스템 콜 후킹, 디렉터리명 변경, app_Whitelist 구축 등을 구현하였으며, 제안 방법을 적용하여 사용자 수준 및 커널 수준의 불법 데이터 접근을 차단할 수 있다.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.329-337
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• 2013

In this paper, we review scientometric analysis through paper analysis of each organization and author to decide research direction for autonomous driving vehicles. We confirms research trend of autonomous driving vehicle by using number of papers. Analysis of Index Level, International Cooperation Research Network, Analysis of Key and Q-L distribution according to each organization and author.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.385-390
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• 1989

One hundred and sixty one strains of Aeromonas were isolated at three sites from August, 1986 to December, 1986 in Naktong Estuary. Cluster analysis was performed on total of 42 morphological and biochemical characteristics of the isolated strains. At the level of 85% and 84% similarity, three major clusters and two minor clusters had been identified: the first three clusters were different one another from MR reaction and gas production utilizing glucose. The five clusters were classified as two serotypes on the basis of serotyping, which was consistent with the result of cytotoxicity test.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.755-765
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• 2019

This study aims to develop the scales to measure the innovation configurations of Science. Technology, Engineering, Art and Mathematics (STEAM) from the perspective of elementary school teachers and investigates the effect of the innovation configurations and related environmental factors on the usage levels of STEAM based on the newly developed scales for the innovation configurations of STEAM. The scales for the innovation configurations of STEAM are based on analyzing the various previous studies and in-depth interviews and consist of four sub-configurations: The 'Preparation,' 'Design,' 'Implementation,' and 'Evaluation.' The innovation configurations of STEAM was investigated with the developed scales through 266 teachers who are leading STEAM school teachers, are involved in STEAM research group, or are implementing STEAM in general schools. The final 19 questionnaires for the scale of the innovation configuration of STEAM are confirmed with exploratory factor analysis and reliability analysis. In order to examine the relationship between the innovation configurations and levels of use, the direct relationship between four sub-configurations and the usage levels of STEAM and the effect of environmental factors on the innovation configuration and the usage levels of STEAM have been conducted and their interactions are considered. The results show that 'Implementation' in the innovation configurations of STEAM and 'STEAM training experience' are most important factors to improve the usage levels of STEAM for elementary school teachers. It implies that the scales are very helpful in improving as well as figuring out the current innovation configurations of STEAM.