• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.19-28
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• 2009

Echinosophora koreensis (Nakai) Nakai (Leguminosae) is one of the threatened plant growing in secondary forest with sparse pine forest. The aim of this research is to investigate current status in a habitat of E. koreensis population, and obtain knowledge for conservation of the population. The flora of vascular plants and vegetation were investigated in the habitat E. koreensis in Mt. Bibong, Gangweon Province. Investigation were carried out in August 2003 and May 2008 at the three different habitats. As a result, a total 40 species 7 varieties of 28 family were recorded in whole area. The vegetation of investigated area was typical northern-temperate Pinus forest, humidity of soil was low and located at a slope area. These investigated area is very important for conservation of rare plant, E. koreensis. Therefore, sustainable conservation strategy such as designation of conservation area should be prepared urgently by the results of long-term monitoring studies.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Embryo Transfer Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.81-81
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• 2002

$\beta$-Mercaptoethanol($\beta$-ME)은 일반적으로 황화합물(thiol compounds)의 일종으로, 배양액 중에서 이황화결합(disulfide bonds)을 분해하여 일정한 물질의 산화.환원반응에 관여하며, 특히 cysteine이 cystine으로 산화되는 것을 차단함으로서 cysteine의 이용능력을 증대시키고, GSH의 합성을 촉진 및 증대시키는 것으로 알려져 있고, 각종 활성산소로부터 세포를 보호하는 역할을 수행하는 것으로 보고되었다. 특히, 돼지수정란의 체외배양체계에 유의적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 보고되었다(Abebydeera 등, Theriogenol., 50:747-756, 1998). 따라서 본 실험에서는 돼지난포란의 체외성숙시 $\beta$-ME의 첨가배양이 체외수정과 배발달에 미치는 영향에 관하여 조사하였다. 돼지난포란을 10% PFF, 0.1mg/ml cysteine, 10IU/m1 PMSG, 10IU/m1 hCG 및 10ng/m1 EGF가 첨가된 NCSU23 배양액에 $\beta$-ME를 각각 0, 25, 50 및 100uM을 처리하여 22시간 동안 배양을 실시하고, 성선자극호르몬이 배제된 배양액에서 추가로 22시간을 배양하여 체외성숙을 유도하였다. 체외성숙이 유기된 난자는 난구세포를 제거하고, 2.5mM caffeine과 0.1% BSA가 첨가된 mTBM배양액에 정자를 1.25 $\times$ $10^{5}$cells/ml의 농도로 5-6시간 동안 공동배양을 실시하여 체외수정을 유도하였다. 체외수정후 일부의 수정란은 12시간에 난자 급속 염색방법으로 염색하여 다정자침입률 및 자.웅전핵형성률 등을 확인하였다. 그리고 나머지1-세포기의 수정란은 0.4mg/ml BSA가 함유된 NCSU23 배양액에 30 embryos/50ul 소적으로하여 38.8$^{\circ}C$, 5% $CO_2$의 탄산가스 배양기에서 각각 7일간 배양을 실시하였다. 조사된 결과는 SAS/STAT를 이용하여 통계분석을 실시하였다. 체외수정 12시간 후에 난자 급속 염색법으로 염색을 실시한 결과, 모든 처리구에서 핵성숙률(76.4~95.2%), 정자침투율(51.1~66.9%), 웅성전핵형성률(95.2~100%), 다정자침입률(18.2~25.6%) 및 평균침입정자수(1.2~l.4개)에서 유의적인 차이가 인정되지 않았다. 체외배양 48시간 난할률을 조사한 결과, 처리구별 차이(53.9~67.9%)는 인정되지 않았으나, 배양 7일째 배반포형성률은 각각 14.5, 25.4, 17.3 및 12.4%로서 25uM의 $\beta$-ME처리구가 유의적(P<0.05)으로 높은 배발달률을 나타내었고, 총세포수에 있어서는 대조구와 처리구간 유의적인 차이가 인정되지 않았다. 따라서 돼지 난포란을 성숙배양할 때, 25uM $\beta$-ME를 첨가배양하는 것이 양질의 돼지체외수정란을 생산하는 하나의 방법으로 조사되었다.다.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.191-201
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• 2014

Marine algal flora and community structure were investigated seasonally at three sites in subtidal zone of Wangdol-cho on the east coast of Korea from May 2012 to August 2013. A total of 122 species were collected and identified, including 12 green algae, 29 brown algae, and 81 red algae. Of these, 38 species were found throughout the survey period. Average seaweed biomass was 472.19-1,198.77 g wet wt. $m^{-2}$ in spring, 68.99-631.14 g wet wt. $m^{-2}$ in summer, 200.91-401.20 g wet wt. $m^{-2}$ in autumn, and 53.61-922.32 g wet wt. $m^{-2}$ in winter. The vertical distribution based on biomass were Grateloupia lanceolata, Acrosorium venulosum, Lomentaria catenata - Undaria pinnatifida, Dictyopteris pacifica, Sargassum horneri, Ecklonia cava - Desmarestia viridis, E. cava, S. horneri from upper to lower subtidal zone. The flora was classified into six functional groups: filamentous form (34.43%), coarsely branched form (25.41%), sheet form (24.59%), thick leather form (9.71%), crustose form (5.74%) and jointed calcareous form (0.82%). The C/P, R/P and (R+C)/P values reflecting the flora characteristics were 0.41, 2.79 and 3.21, respectively. Also, diversity index (H') and dominance index (DI) indicate that the algal community and environmental condition of Wangdol-cho is stable. We recommend that Wangdol-cho subtidal zone should be more protected from human activities such as turbulence and eutrophication in order to maintain species diversity and abundance of algae.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.104-109
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• 2013

The spawning characteristics of Hexagrammos agrammus and Hexagrammos otakii was directly observed in coastal regions of the Yellow Sea and South Sea during the spawning seasons using scuba diving. The territorial male H. agrammus showed different body size, nuptial coloration and nest location compared to those of H. otakii, even though both species caring egg masses were found at the almost same depths. In the West sea, a relatively small guardian H. agrammus male protects 1-2 egg masses laid on a clump of red algae within his territory. The territorial males in red nuptial coloration and their egg masses were well camouflaged in their surroundings. Contrary to H. agammus, a guardian H. otakii male in yellowish nuptial coloration protects 4-8 egg masses in a nest. In addition, their nests were located on the relatively open environments such as discarded fishing nets, rock crevices and a clump of algae. The results of present study shows that even though both of two species belonged to Hexagrammidae, they have different strategies for spawning and protecting their egg masses.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.221-254
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• 2015

The amendment of the Korea Civil Code will take place July 1, 2013. One of the most import issues related to adult guardianship system is a part. Though more than 100 new provisions, the revised Civil Code fundamentally reformed the guardianship system to establish a system to meet the diverse and complex needs of those who need a guardian and ensure due process. The new adult guardianship system intended to respect dignity and human right of mentally incapacitated adults, to guaranee their autunomy and to minimize the public interventions for assisting them. The new guardianship system for vulnerable adult has three kinds of legal guardianship system (adult guardianship, limited guardianship and specific guardianship). Mental patients forced the hospitalization of the mental health code and will be treated as an agreement incapable person. In principle an agreement incapable person has capacity of consent. The consent of the mental patients are admitted first. It is advisable to medical care only by the consent of the guardian when the the mental patient do not agree ability. If the mental patient do not agree with the mentally ill, but there should be a supervisory capacity for a guardianship of the couple guardian supervision. In conclusion, it not lost the capacity to consent to inpatient mental illness called. Therefore, we must discuss in detail the scope of the agreement for the mental patients. Mental Health Act amendments are necessary in accordance with the amended Civil Code.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.14
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• pp.465-484
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• 2007

Our society's modernization created many opportunities for us to need a private investigation service system. Variation of international environment due to joining in the OECD, opportunity of individual legal, collect evidence during judgement, prevention of damage criminal, security of business in company, free trade economy's system etc and don't need to enumerate how important of introduction of private investigation service system. In addition to there are lots of objection opinions, such as possibility of person's private life, invade of lawyer's area, confliction with investigation team, gap of wealth and poverty that make preponderance of information. So this research can be considerate from objective opinion, and can obtain conclusion just like below. First, private detective agencies that encroach on the individual rights will naturally deteriorate after the implementation of private investigation service system. Through this, the probability of civil rights encroachment will be lower, and for this to happen there needs to be a thorough maintenance of the system. Secondly, mutually beneficial solution should be found not by a conflict between two sides. Detective business sector should not cause social confusion from conflicts with other investigation organization such as police, or investigators, rather, it must get on the demand of the diversified citizen and maintain the diverse sector inter-cooperate right, and to do that law and institution must be made for the base. Thirdly, investigation used depending on the gap between wealth and poverty does not mean the actualization of the rights and interests of the citizen. If the duty of investigation sector is to find the evidence and collect or manufacture of the evidence, then the problems which the nation can't handle will be more enlarged and then finally end up with strengthening the capability of national public security demand.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.51-80
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• 2016

Recently in accordance with Government 3.0 policy, public data is being released in large quantities and entrepreneurs are succeeding in utilizing this policy to develop products and apps that increase the convenience of the people to use the information. As libraries belong to the public domain, libraries must open a variety of data to the public in accordance with the Government 3.0 policy, and make the various applications utilizing the data. Therefore, this study investigated the government 3.0 Policy, classified the success cases of the applications according to specific criteria, identified data having high availability from the library data, and tried to discover data that can increase the utilization value through the library from other subject areas. An awareness survey was conducted of librarians of the University and Special Library and the results are as follows: First, librarians' awareness about the Government 3.0 was more than the average of 3.6, whereas for the initiatives presented in 3.0. Second, those responding that the government 3.0 policy would have a positive effect on libraries were six times higher than those responding negatively. Third, the respondents listed the ways that the policy can be effectively utilized in the library, in order, as providing to the user public open data classified by topic, providing user education about utilizing method of public open data, and privacy-related user education regarding open data utilization. Fourth, there was overall agreement by the respondents that public open data would be helpful in improving the library's changing role and image, with 60% responding in a positive way.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.58-79
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• 1996

재미 한인들의 급격한 증가와 더불어 미국 간호학의 한인들에 대한 문화적 지식의 유입을 필요로 하게 하였다. 더구나 기존 연구들은 한인들이 질병을 비효율적이며 부적절하게 관리하는 것으로 보고하고 있어 이에 대한 연구의 필요성이 더욱 증가하였다. 기존 연구에 의하면 초기 이민 경험은 이민자들의 건강과 질병 관리에 크게 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이 연구에서는 비평적 문헌 고찰을 통하여 초기 이민 경험이 재미 한인들의 질병관리에 어떻게 영향을 미치는지에 관하여 살펴보고 이에 근거하여 재미 한인들을 위한 적절한 간호의 방향을 제시하고자 했다. 의학도서 목록 전산망과 기타 문헌 자료를 이용하여 1966년부터 1995년까지의 의학, 보건학, 생물학, 심리학, 사회학 문헌들을 살펴보았다. 체계적인 문헌 고찰을 위하여 4개의 세부적인 주제 아래 문헌들을 구분하여 고찰하였다 첫째. 일반적인 이민자들의 초기 이민경험, 건강, 질병 관리가 고찰되었고. 둘째로 재미 한인들의 초기 이민 경험이 고찰되어졌으며, 셋째로, 재미 한인들의 건강. 질병관리가 고찰되어졌고, 마지막으로 이들을 위한 간호의 방향을 제시해 줄 기존의 간호 모델들이 고찰되어졌다. 문헌 고찰 결과, 재미 한인들의 부적절한 질병 관리는 그들의 초기 이민 경험들과 관련되는 것으로 나타났다 첫째 문화적으로 결정되어진 신념이나 태도들이 재미 한인들의 적절한 질병 관리를 방해하는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 재미 한인들도 본국인들과 마찬가지로 질병관리를 위해 현대의학. 한방, 무속, 민간요법을 사용하는 것으로 나타났는데. 한방의 사용이나 이러한 치료법들의 흔용은 한인들의 적절한 질병 관리를 방해하는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 문화적 차이, 언어장벽, 그리고 비언어적 의사소통의 차이점에서 오는 오해들이 재미 한인들의 질병 관리를 부적절하게 만드는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 이민생활에서 오는 여러 어려움들 또한 재미 한인들의 질병관리를 어렵게 만드는 것으로 나타났으며, 다섯째. 사회적 지지의 부족 역시 재미 한인들의 적절한 질병관리를 힘들게 하는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 적절한 간호 모델의 부재가 이들을 위한 적절한 간호의 제공을 어렵게 하고 있는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 이러한 결과에 근거를 두고 초기 이민 적응기에 있는 재미 한인들에게 적절한 간호를 제공하기 위한 몇 가지 제안들이 제시되었다. 첫째, 이민자들에게 적절한 간호가 제공되기 위해서도 문화적 배경을 고려해야 하겠다. 문화적으로 적절한 간호를 위해서 간호 제공자들은 자신들의 문화와 다른 간호 대상자의 문화도 존중해 주어야 하며, 문화적으로 결정되어진 건강 신념들과 질병 관리 행태도 생명을 위협하지 않는 한 존중해 주어야 할 것이다. 또한 간호제공자들은 자문화 중심적인 사고방식에서 벗어나야 하며, 간호 대상자들의 상황을 총괄적으로 이해하여야 하고 이민자들의 어려움에 대해 공감을 가지고 간호를 제공하여야 하겠다. 둘째, 간호 제공자들은 한방에 관한 지식을 가지고 한 의학 혼용으로 인한 위험으로부터 간호 대상자를 보호하여야 할 것이다. 셋째, 문화적 차이나 자민족 중심적 사고방식으로 인한 오해를 막기 위하여 간호 제공자들은 간호 대상자와 자주 상호 교류함으로써 배우는 자세로 간호 대상자를 대하여야 할 것이며, 자신의 자민족 중심적인 사고방식을 인지하고 언어적, 비언어적 의사소통의 문화 집단별 차이를 앎으로써 오해의 소지를 줄여야 할 것이다. 넷째, 적절한 간호의 제공을 위하여 의사소통을 위해 대화만을 직접 번역해 주는 통역자와는 달리 문화적 배경까지도 이해하고 해석해 주는 문화적 통역자의 도움을 밟아야 할 것이다. 다섯째, 한국문화는 가족 중심적 문화이므로 간호 대상자의 혈연관계를 이해하고 그에게 크게 영향을 주는 가족원을 간호 중재에 참여시킴으로써 치료 효과를 높여야 할 것이다. 마지막으로 효과적인 간호를 위하여 재미 한인을 위한 적절한 간호 모델을 개발함으로써 체계적인 간호의 방향을 제시할 수 있어야 할 것이다.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.73-84
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• 2014

As the society turns into more of an information an technology centric society, the importance of information security is being increased these days. Recently, as the number of leaking accidents of personal information and valuable industrial technology is on the rise, every field of industry endeavors to come up with a security solution. In particular, since defense industry is a field where it establishes national defense power that is essential of national security, it requires higher standards of security solutions than any other ordinary fields of industry. According to Defense Industry Security Work Instructions, defense industry firms from security organizations and employ a security worker corresponding to the firm's scale and conditions. In an environment where essential information and technology are stored and managed in information and communication system or storing media, the duty and role of IT security workers are crucial. However, there is a shortage of systematic analysis on the work of IT security workers and development of curriculum to enhance their professionalism. Thus DACUM process, a job analysis technique, was used to identify IT Security workers' duties and responsibilities and verify the validity and credibility of the deducted results from the survey. The findings of this study will help in development of IT security duty in defense industry and can be used as baseline data for the development of curriculum and amendments of related regulations.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.35-42
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• 2016

Formamide is a colorless fluid with ammonia odor, and irritable when inhaled. It has $LD_{50}$ value of > 5,577 mg/kg in rats for acute oral toxicity and NOAEL of 113 mg/kg/day for target organ (liver) of whole body toxicity. It is also known as reproductive toxicant (1B) and TWA(Time Weighted Average) for it is 10 ppm. Workplace measurements of work places dealing with formamide showed the ppm of all 25 samples was very lower than WEL. However, the exposure concentration can change, depending on workplace condition such as the intensity of work, operating local ventilation system, and wearing protection equipment (Respirators). Therefore, considering it with the risk of whole body toxicity and reproductive toxicity, exposure quantity of each imaginary scenario was calculated at 5.16, 1.72, and $0.43mg/m^3$. The average value was calculated at 0.02-0.58, 0.02-0.66 at 90 percent of cumulative distribution, 0.02-0.69 at 95 percent of cumulative distribution. Therefore, it was generally evaluated to be safe because all values were below 1. However, caution is required to prevent health hazard because it has hepatotoxicity and reproductive toxicity and risk of a high level momentary exposure, depending on the condition of workplace.