• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.163-181
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to analyze the Rhizoma on the blood pressure, heart rate and to define the mechanism of Notopterygii Rhizoma-induced relaxation in rabbit common carotid arterial contracted by agonists. Method : In order to explore the effect of Notopterygii Rhizoma on the blood pressure and heart rate, Notopterygii Rhizoma extract was injected in vein of rabbit ear. In order to investigate the effect of Notopterygii Rhizoma on norepinephrine(NE)-induced contracted rabbit carotid arterial strips, transverse strips with intact or damaged endothelium were used for the experiment using organ bath. To analyze the mechanism of Notopterygii Rhizoma-induced relaxation, Notopterygii Rhizoma extract infused into NE-induced contracted strips induced by agonists after treatment of methylene blue, propranolol, ouabain and it infused into serotonin, potassium chloride-induced contracted strips. Result : The blood pressure was significantly decreased by Notopterygii Rhizoma, but heart rate was insignificantly. In addition, Notopterygii Rhizoma significantly relaxed the norepinephrine, serotonin, potassium-induced contracted strips with intact endothelium or damaged endothelium. The relaxing effect of Notopterygii Rhizoma In NE-induced contracted strips with damaged endothelium by pretreatment of methylene blue, propranolol was not changed, but Ouabain was significantly decreased. Conclusion : These results were shown that Notopterygii Rhizoma affected the NE -induced contracted smooth muscle without the participation of endothelium, and demonstrated that the mechanism of NotoDtervgii Rhizoma-induced relaxation was the obstruction of receptor-operated Ca2+ channel.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.181-188
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• 2006

Objectives : Southern, northern, and wild types of Osterici Radix, and Notopterigii Rhizoma et Radix imported from China are circulated in Korea. Morphological identification was attempted by comparing external and internal forms of these materials. Methods : The slice of the tested material made by paraffin section technique was colored with Safranine Malachite Green contrast methods, and then observed and photographed by olymphus-BHT. Results : 1. Southern type of Osterici Radix has short rhizome and many small and long roots, while northern type of it is mostly composed of rhizomes with little small reds and sometimes looks like bamboo because of the extention of the parts between joints. 2. Parenchymal cell of southern type of Osterici Radix is filled with starch grain, while that of nothern type includes less starch grain with lamination crossed on its cell wall. 3. Surface of root and rhizome of wild Osterici Radix has some marks of fibrous root raised in the form of nodule, but cultivated Osterici Radix does not have this kind of marks. 4. Notopterigii Rhizoma et Radix is mostly composed of rhizomes, and its form is similar to that of a silkworm or joints of bamboo. Parenchymal cell is filled with starch grains, and lamination is crossed on its cell wall but not salient. Conclusion : Southern, northern, and wild types of Osterici Radix, and Notopterigii Rhizoma et Radix circulated in Korea can be easily identified because of their differences in their external and internal forms.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.183-187
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• 2006

Objectives : Southern, northern, and wild types of Osterici Radix, and Notopterigii Rhizoma et Radix imported from China are circulated in Korea. Morphological identification was attempted by comparing powder forms of these materials. Methods : To make the specimen, the samples were grinded, and the powder was mounted by a solution of Glycerin, Acetic acid and Water at the rate of 1 : 1 : 1. The specimen was mounted by optic microscope, photographs were taken and the characteristics were sketched in lines. Result : 1. Korean Osterici Radix was yellow-brown, but Chinese Notopterigii Rhizoma et Radix was dark-brown. 2. Oil ducts were mostly broken, and most of secretory cells were narrow and long, including yellow or light yellow secretion and starch grain. 3. Parenchyma cells were rectangular, and southern type of Osterici Radix and Chinese Notopterigii Rhizoma et Radix include lots of starch grain in parenchyma cells, while northern type of Osterici Radix and wild Osterici Radix include a little. 4. Vessels were usually reticulate vessel, and the diameter of the vessels of Korean Osterici Radix was $25{\sim}88{\mu}m$, while that of the vessels of Chinese Notopterigii Rhizoma et Radix was $13{\sim}52{\mu}m$. 5. The surface of accessory cells were light brown with the shape of irregular polygon. Conclusion : Southern type of Osterici Radix, nothern type of Osterici Radix, wild Osterici Radix, and Chinese Notopterigii Rhizoma et Radix were all alike, except the amount of starch grain in parenchyma cells.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.161-176
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• 2013

Objectives : To clarify the anti-arthritic activity of Ostericum koreanum Maxim. (OS) plus Aralia continentalis Kitagawa (AC) in vivo. Methods : All mice were immunized with bovine type II collagen. After a second collagen immunization, mice were treated with OS plus AC once a day for 7 weeks. Oral administration of OS plus AC (200 or 50 mg/kg) significantly suppressed the progression of CIA, which extend is comparable to that of methotrexate (MTX, 0.3 mg/kg), a positive control. The severity of arthritis within the knee joints was evaluated by histological assessment of cartilage destruction and pannus formation. Results : Administration of OS plus AC significantly suppressed the progression of CIA and inhibited the production of TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-6 in serum. The erosion of cartilage was dramatically reduced in mouse knees after treatment with OS plus AC. In conclusion, our results demonstrates that OS plus AC significantly suppressed the progression of CIA and that this action was characterized by the decreased production of IL-6, IFN-${\gamma}$ and collagen II specific antibody in serum, CD3+CD69+ T cells, MHC class II+/CD11c+ (in DLN), CD11b+Gr-1+ cells (in PBMC), CD11b +Gr-1+ cells, B220+/CD23+ (in paw joint). Conclusions : The the levels of IFN-${\gamma}$ in the culture supernatant of splenocytes stimulated with CD3/CD28 or collagen were dramatically decreased, while those of IL-4 was increased. In the serum of OS and AC-treated mice, the levels of IgM RA factor were decreased.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.11-20
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• 2003

Objective : Experimental studies have been done to elucidate the effect of kangwhalyupung-tang(KWYPT) on neuronal cell damage induced by brain ischemia. Method : The cytotoxic effect of ischemia was measured in the MTS assay cultures. MTS assay, INT assay, neurofilament(NF) enzymeimmuno assay(EIA). And the KWYPT on ischemia-induced neurotoxicity were examined by in vitro assays. Results : 1. The KWYPT protected effectively neuronal cell-death resulted from brain ischemia induced by the treatment of $95%N_2/5%CO_2$ for 10 min in those dependent fashion. 2. The KWYPT effectively increased the amount of NF resulting from brain ischemia, induced by the treatment of $95%N_2/5%CO_2$ for 15 min in those dependent fashions. Conclusions : KWYPT protects the brain ischemia-induced neurotoxicity through the increase of cell viability and of neurofilament in dose-dependent manner.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.13-30
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• 2004

This study was performed to evaluate the effect of Kangwhal-Sokdan tang(KS) on osteoblast function and gene expression. The osteoblast separated from the murine calvariae and MG-63 cell were cultivated to evaluate the cell function and gene expression. The results were summarized as followes. 1) KS increased cell proliferation of murine calvarial cell. 2) KS increased protein synthesis, collagen synthesis and ALP activity of murine calvarial cell. 3) KS increased the survival rate of murine calvarial cell. 4) KS increased the expression of calcitonin receptor and PTH receptor. 5) KS increased the expression of PKA and PKC. 6) KS decreased the expression of $PLA_2$, COX, $PGE_2$ synthase, but increased prostacyclin synthase. 7) KS increased the expression of collagen(type IV) gene. It is concluded that KS might improve the osteoporosis resulted from augumentation of osteoblast proliferation and gene expression.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.49-61
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• 2013

Objectives : This study was conducted to determine whether or not Kangwhaldoche-tang(Qianghuodaozhi-tang) (KDT) aqueous extracts can protect articular cartilage losses on the Freund's complete adjuvant(FCA)-induced rat rheumatoid arthritis. Methods : 520, 260 or 130 mg/kg of KDT were orally administered once a day for 14 days from 14 days after FCA treatments, and 15 mg/kg of dexamethasone was intraperitoneally administered as reference drug in this experiment. Changes on the body weight, knee circumferences, gross arthritis score, inflammatory tissue prostaglandin(PG) $E_2$ levels were monitored with cartilage collagen components and glucosaminoglycans(GAGs) compositions - chondroitin sulphate, heparin sulphate and hyaluronic acid in the present study. Results : As results of FCA treatment, classic rheumatoid arthritis featuring dramatic decreases of the body weights, cartilage collagen and GAGs contents with increases of the knee circumferences, gross arthritis scores and inflammatory tissue $PGE_2$ levels, were demonstrated in the present study. However, these changes from FCA - induced rheumatoid arthritis were clearly inhibited by treatment of dexamethasone and all three different dosages of KDT. Although overall anti-inflammatory effects of KDT 520 mg/kg were lowered than those of dexamethasone 15 mg/kg treated rats, KDT 520 mg/kg showed more favorable preserve effects on the cartilage GAGs and KDT 260 mg/kg treated rats showed similar preserve effects as compared with dexamethasone 15 mg/kg in this experiment. Conclusions : The present results supported that over 75 mg/kg of KDT showed favorable anti-arthritic effects on the FCA-induced arthritis mediated by suppression of $PGE_2$, representative inflammatory mediator, and may help improve rheumatoid arthritis.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.83-88
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• 2011

Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigate the asthma-suppressive and immuno-regulatory effect of Notopterygii Rhizoma(NR) extract on OVA(ovalbumin)-induced asthma in mice. Methods : C57BL/6 mice out of all the experimental groups, except the Normal group and the NRI group, were sensitized and challenged with OVA. C57BL/6 mice were exposed to OVA three times a week for 12 weeks and analyzed by flow cytometer, ELISA, H&E stain. Results : The concentrations of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, IgE in serum of the OVA-NRII group decreased significantly compared with those of the OVA-Control group. The number of $Gr-1^+/CD11b^+$, $CCR3^+$, $CD3^+/CD19^+$, $CD3e^+/CD69^+$cells in the OVA-NRI group decreased significantly compared with those of the OVA-Control group. The collagen accumulation in the lung sections of the OVA-NRII group decredased signi- ficantly compared with that of the OVA-Control group. Conclusions : These results suggest that Notopterygii Rhizoma(NR) would be a effective candidate for herbal-originated anti-asthmatic drug. However, this drug should be further studied for characterization of the accurate action and underlying mechanism using variant disease model in the future.

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.15-22
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• 2005

Source : sources used by Qianghuo is Ostericum koreanum Maximowicz, Notopterygium incisum Ting and Notopterygium forbesii Boissier etc. in Korea and China. And we cirulate a Qianghuo dividing Nanqianghuo and Beiqianghuo. Thought source of Korea Qianghuo is different from china's we use a same name. And source of Beiqianghuo has not made clear yet. According to research accomplished 2002, we have to use Nanqianghuo producted at Jinbu in aspect of aspect. but, Beiqianghuo the outside form of Beiqianghuo similar to china so we think that we have to more make clear source of domestic Qianghuo, verify a source Beiqianghuo and re-establish about effects and functions of domestic Qianghuos. Culture : A term of culture is an nearly one year. so to product Qianghuo of good quality, we must plant directly in autumn or raise seedlings and transplant in spring. Processing : To protect turning to brown, Qianghuo are cirulate mostly as the original form without washing in water, To proteet crushing of Qianghuo when we cut off, Qianghuo were cut off after being soaked in water or steamed by heat. So when we wash and cut off, it has to be made processes which have no decreases of medical effects and be suggested a proper index which verify a medical effects. In summury, after harvesting Qianghuo the first washing $\rightarrow$ the first dry $\rightarrow$ selection $\rightarrow$ the second washing $\rightarrow$ the second dry $\rightarrow$ selection $\rightarrow$ cutting off $\rightarrow$ the third dry.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.169-178
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• 2009

Objectives : In this study, the effects of ethylacetate extract of Ostericum koreanum on inflammation in RAW264.7 cells were investigated. Methods : Dried roots of Ostericum koreanum was extracted with 80% methanol for 24 h, and then fractionated with n-butanol, n-hexan and ethylacetate. RAW264.7 cells, a mouse macrophage line were incubated with different concentrations of the extract for 30 min and then stimulated with LPS at indicated times. Cell toxicity was determined by MTT assay. The concentrations of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 ($PGE_2$) were measured by Griess assay and enzyme immunoassay (EIA), respectively. The expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthease (iNOS) and cyclooxyganase (COX) -2 mRNA and protein were determined by RT-PCR and Western blot. Results : The methanol extract of Ostericum koreanuman and its fractions were significantly inhibited the NO and PGE2 productions in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Among the fractions of Ostericum koreanuman the ethylacetate fraction was more strongly inhibited NO and $PGE_2$ productions compared with other fractions. The ethylacetate fraction was also suppressed LPS-induced mRNA expressions of iNOS and its protein levels in RAW264.7 cells. Conclusions : This study suggests that the ethylacetate fraction of Ostericum koreanum may have an anti-inflammatory property through suppressing inflammatory mediator productions in activated macrophages, suggesting have a therapeutic potential for the treatment of various inflammatory diseases.