• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2022.05a
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• pp.327-327
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• 2022

지구온난화로 전 세계는 기후위기에 직면해있다. 특히, 아시아의 경우 복사강제력과 대규모 대기순환인 몬순이 지역기후에 영향을 주기 때문에 지리적 위치 및 계절에 따라 폭염, 홍수, 가뭄 등 다양한 기상이변 및 수재해 문제를 겪고 있다. 더욱이, 아시아 지역은 온난화가 심화됨에 따라 식량 및 물 안보위기가 더욱 증가할 것으로 전망됨에 따라 이와 직결되는 기후 및 수문특성에 대한 기후변화 영향평가 및 분석이 요구된다. 본 연구에서는 미래 기온상승 조건을 고려하여 아시아 지역의 기후특성을 전망하고, 수문모형(VIC)을 활용하여 수문전망을 수행하였다. 미래 기후전망을 위해 적정 CMIP6 기후모델과 공통사회경제경로(SSP5-8.5) 시나리오를 활용하였다. 시나리오로부터 산출된 기온자료 및 CPC (Climate Prediction Center) 전 지구 관측 기온자료를 활용하여 산업화 이전 대비 잠재적인 전지구 기온상승(1.5℃~5.0℃) 조건을 추정하였다. 통계적상세화 기법을 적용하여 아시아 지역에 대하여 기후변화 시나리오를 상세화하고, 기후구분법을 적용하여 기후대를 구분하였다. 미래 기온상승 조건 하에서 아시아 지역의 기후특성을 전망하고 기후대의 분포변화를 분석하였다. 전 지구 기온이 상승함에 따라 지역별 기후특성이 변화하였으며, 이는 기온 및 강수량 변화에 기인하는 것으로 분석되었다. 최고 및 최저기온은 모든 기후대의 전 지역에서 상승하며, 이는 평균적으로 전 지구 평균 기온을 상회하였다. 강수량 및 강수일수는 대체로 증가하였으나, 기후특성에 따라 지역별 편차를 보였다. 기상성분의 변화로 기후대별 수문성분(증발산량, 유출량)은 대체로 증가하였으며, 극한 유출량의 변화경향은 모든 기후대에서 증가할 것으로 전망되었다. 지속적인 지구온난화는 아시아 지역의 수문순환은 가속화할 것으로 전망되며, 기후대별 수문기상성분의 변화는 지역의 기후특성에 따라 편차가 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 지구온난화 조건별 아시아 지역의 미래 기후 및 수문기상성분 변화 특성은 기상 및 수자원에 대한 기후변화 영향평가 시 기초자료로 활용될 수 있다.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.57-60
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• 2007

Interest in chum salmon(Oncorhynchus keta) biology I Korea has increased since the establishment of the Yangyang Inland Hatchery of the National Fisheries Research and Development Institute during mid 1980s. The enhancement program of chum salmon was expanded thereafter, so that chum salmon were transplanted 18 streams in the coast of the Korean Peninsula. However, ecological research on salmon species was very limited due to the lack of a research program. Though involvement in the North Pacific Anadromous Fish Commission (NPAFC) requires scientific investigation on salmon research of each member nation, no conspicuous increase in research funding was achieved in Korea. Oceanic environments have been rapidly altered by climate change during the last a few decades and ocean ecosystems including salmon populations will be modified by global warming. Special attention is needed for stocks near the southern boundary of distribution, such as Korean chum salmon. This special issue is the venue for reviewing ongoing researches in Korea, and we hope that this issue will be a big step toward active ecological research in Korea under changing environments.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.93-103
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• 2009

The concept of the effective moment of inertia has been generally used for the deflection estimation of reinforced concrete flexural members. The KCI design code adopted Branson's equation for simple calculation of deflection, in which a representative value of the effective moment of inertia is used for the whole length of a member. However, the code equation for the effective moment of inertia was formulated based on the results of beam tests subjected to uniformly distributed loads, which may not effectively account for those of members under different loading conditions. Therefore, this study aimed to verify the influences of moment shapes resulting from different loading patterns by experiments. Six beams were fabricated and tested in this study, where primary variables were concrete compressive strengths and loading distances from supports, and test results were compared to the code equation and other existing approaches. A method utilizing variational analysis for the deflection estimation has been also proposed, which accounts for the influences of moment shapes to the effective moment of inertia. The test results indicated that the effective moment of inertia was somewhat influenced by the moment shape, and that this influence of moment shape to the effective moment of inertia was not captured by the code equation. Compared to the code equation, the proposed method had smaller variation in the ratios of the test results to the estimated values of beam deflections. Therefore, the proposed method is considered to be a good approach to take into account the influence of moment shape for the estimation of beam deflection, however, the differences between test results and estimated deflections show that more researches are still required to improve its accuracy by modifying the shape function of deflection.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.63-70
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• 2014

This experimental study was intended to improve the compressive strength of multi-walled CNT reinforced cementitious composites with efficiency. The variables considered are the degree of sonication, the amount of surfactant, the replacement ratio of silica fume, etc. Optical microscope informed that fiber dispersion of CNT was improved with the increase of sonication time, and the compressive strength was proved to be enhanced as the degree of sonication increased. When superplasticizer as a surfactant had SP/CNT ratio of 4~6, the best improvement in strength was obtained. Silica fume was shown to produce the highest compressive strength at 10% replacement. Microstructure of CNT composites was also analyzed; XRD and SEM results indicated that CNT addition hardly changed hydration products and microstructure, and MIP analysis found the reduction of total porosity as well as the increase of nano-pores with the size of tens of nm instead of the decrease of pore distribution in the region of around 10 ${\mu}m$ and 100 nm. The results of microstructure analysis explains that the strength improvement is closely related to physical contribution rather than chemical influence by adding CNT.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.230-241
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• 1995

The Characteristics of nocturnal temperature fields were analyzed to understand the factors of freezing-and-cold damages on orange orchards in Cheju Island. Temperatures were measured from January 7th through 27, 1995 at 25 sites in an area of 1x1.25$ extrm{km}^2$, Wasan-ri, Chochon-up, Pukcheju-kun located on the northeastern slope of Mt.Hanla. Several other weather elements such as wind and cloud were observed as supplementary data. Surface weather maps were also analyzed to clarify the influence of prevailing pressure patterns on the temperature fields. The vertical temperature profiles were obtained at the height from the ground up to 360 cm in 30 cm intervals at site 3, a frost hollow, and site 10 on the upper slope. The results show that freezing damages occured in the hollows, terrain depressions, rather than at the upper slope due to nocturnal radiation cooling as well as accumulation of cold airflow from Mt.Hanla. Windbreaks of densely planted Japanese ceders with stone-walls also roled as obstacles to the cold airflow in nights with Clear skies and light winds. The maximum intensity of temperature inversion in hollows, quasi-cold air lake, was 3.1$^{\circ}C$. Cold air from Mt.Hanla was trapped in the depressions up to a height of 90cm forming frost pocket. Man-made facilities such as shelterbelt or stone-wall which are built to prevent the penetration of cold north-westeries in winter aggravated the cold damage. The differance of daily minimum temperatures between before and behind shelterbelts was 2.$0^{\circ}C$. The man-made convection by smudgin which raised the temperatures up to 3.8$^{\circ}C$ can reduce the cold damage in the hellows.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.385-402
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• 2002

This study examined temporal and spatial patterns of bioclimatic perceived sultriness in South Korea by analyzing the climatology of heat index calculated from ambient temperature and relative humidity for the period of 26 years (1973-1998). As results, spatially, bioclimatic sultriness above all thresholds frequently occurred mainly in the central western inner area, the southwestern inner area, and the southeastern inner area of South Korea. Especially, Miryang in the southeastern inner area of South Korea was proved to be, bioclimatically, the sultriest area in South Korea that has recorded frequent high heat index. Temporally, frequency of sultriness in the contiguous South Korea significantly increased in the 1990s. Specifically, In 1994, frequencies of heat index exceeding each threshold was the highest all over South Korea. Normally, the sultriness with high heat index exceeding 40.6$^{circ}C$ occurred mainly for the period of between the end of July generally after Summer Changma and the beginning of August before another small rainy season of years. These temporal-spatial distributions of bioclimatic sultriness in South Korea showed various patterns regionally, affected by physical and anthropogenic climatic factors such as topography, latitude, altitude, water bodies or aforestration, urbanization, and industrialization as well as movements of large-scale air masses.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.200-203
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• 2006

지역의 공간 분포가 내포된 고해상도의 지상강우량을 추정하기 위해서 강수와 구름 입자(고체와 액체)의 양과 성질을 반영한 기상레이더의 반사도(reflectivity) 자료로부터 지상강우강도로 환산하는 방법이 널리 이용된다. 반사도 (reflectivity) 자료로부터 지상강우강도로 환산하는 핵심은 Z-R 관계식으로, 이 Z-R 관계식의 매개변수 a와 b의 결정이 중요하다. 그러나, 지상우량 관측소에서 측정되는 강우량 자료는 지상에서 관측된 강우자료이나, 레이더에서 추정되는 강우량은 상공 (이 연구에서는1.5km)에서 관측한 반사도로 추정되는 값으로 이에 상응하는 오차를 줄이기 위하여 보정하는 기법이 이용된다. 수계내의 정확한 유출량을 모의계산하기 위하여 수문수치모형이 이용되며, 이의 보다 정확한 수치결과를 모의하기 위해서 레이더 강우추정을 사용하여 정확도를 높이고자 하는 연구가 진행 중이다. 이 연구에서는 기상청에서 운영하는 레이더 반사도 자료를 사용하여 용담/남강유역 내에서 2002-2004년의 집중호우에 대해 Z-R 관계식을 추정하고, 유역 내 평균 강우량과 지상관측 강우량의 비 (G-R비)를 이용한 공간적 특성을 고려한 보정을 함으로써 추정된 평균 강우량의 정확도를 향상시켰다. 이렇게 추정된 레이더 강우는 지상관측지점 강우만으로 보간 된 강우(gauge-only interpolation)와 비교 되어, 레이더강우의 정확성과 적용성이 수문모형에 적합한가를 평가해 보았다. 공간적 분포의 특성을 내포하며 강우예측 (Quantitative Precipitation Forecasting)에 이용될 수 있다는 잇점은 있으나, 레이더 강우 추정은 정확성과 적용성에 많은 의문점을 남긴다.리 전도도 값을 Gardner 식에 적용하여 1, 3, 5, 7kPa에서의 불포화수리 전도도 값을 17개 토양통을 대상으로 하여 구했다. 토양수분 potential이 3kPa에서는 물의 이동이 거의 없는 토양들이 있었는데 반해 남계통을 비롯한 학곡통, 회곡통, 백산통, 상주통, 석천통, 예산통 등 7개의 토양은 3kPa에서도 약간의 물의 이동이 있었다. 이는 모암이 화강 편마암인 관계로 토양 내에 물의 이동에 영향을 미치는 자갈의 함량이 높았기 때문일 것으로 생각되고 추후의 연구에서는 이 부분에 대한 내용도 검토되어야 할 것이다. 또한, 1kPa에서 물의 이동은 삼각통에서 35.21 cm/day로 이동 속도가 가장 컸으며 그 뒤로 예산통, 화봉통, 학곡통, 백산통 등이 토양에서 빠른 속도로 이동하였다. 가천통이나 석천통 및 우곡통은 1kPa에서의 이동 속도가 아주 느린 토양으로 판단되었다. 또한, 포화되지 않은 상태인 1kPa에서 물의 이동 속도를 VGM 모형에 의해 예측된 값과 측정된 값으로 비교하였을 때 불포화 수리 전도도가 예측되지 않은 토양(석천통, 지곡통, 풍천통)이 존재하여 불포화 수리 전도도 특성평가에 대한 VGM 모형의 적용성에 문제를 보였다. 이는 결과적으로 논이라는 영농형태가 존재하는 우리나라에서 토양의 수리적 특성해석을 위한 VGM 모형의 적용성에 한계가 있을 것으로 판단되었다.4일간의 기상변화가 자발성 기흉 발생에 영향을 미친다고 추론할 수 있었다. 향후 본 연구에서 추론된 기상변화와 기흉 발생과의 인과관계를 확인하고 좀 더 구체화하기 위한 연구가 필요할 것이다.게 이루어질 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.는 초과수익률이 상승하지만, 이후로는 감소하므로, 반전거래전략을 활용하는

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.52 no.6
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• pp.666-684
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• 2019

The horizontal distributions of eggs and larvae of chub mackerel Scomber japonicus were extensively surveyed in the vicinity of Korean waters between 31°75'N and 36°50'N during May and June in 2016 and 2017 (total of four surveys). We used a coupled bio-physical model (DisMELS) that combines an individual-based model (IBM) incorporating vertical migration of larvae and temperature-dependent survival to understand transport processes in the early life stage. Using the distributions of eggs and larvae from surveys, the potential spawning grounds were estimated at the northwest and southeast of Jeju Island and the central East China Sea in May, and at the southwestern East Sea and southern West Sea in June by running the model backward in time. In forward experiments within 30 days from the backward results, most larvae were transported to both the Korean and Japanese sides of the East Sea through the Korea Strait. However, the larvae released in the central East China Sea were transported to the Japanese side only, while those released in the southern West Sea were retained within that region. The survival rates at 30 days after release based on the simulation incorporating temperature-dependent survival throughout May and June were 29.7% in 2016 and 28.8% in 2017.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.11-18
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• 2018

As the amount of polycarboxylate superplasticizer varied from 1.2% to 3.0% of the mass of binder, the change in the flowability & rheological properties, and strength of UHPFRC was investigated with experiments. The test results presented that the increase in the amount of superplasticizer was effective in improving the flowability up to 1.8%, but addition more than 1.8% was hardly beneficial for enhancing the flowability and rhelogical properties. Compressive strengths with different amounts of superplasticizer showed that the strength with 1.8% was slightly higher than that of 1.2%, but the amount more than 1.8% caused strength reduction, which was higher as the amount increased. The results in flexural strength according to the amount of superplasticizer showed a similar trend with the results in compressive strength. When the effect of compressive strength and fiber distribution characteristics on the flexural strength was analysed separately, it was found that high amount of superplasticizer caused an effect of fiber distribution in addition to the effect of compressive strength on flexural strength. This effect seems to be closely related to the results of flowability or rheological properties.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.63 no.2
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• pp.77-85
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• 2018

This study was performed to understand the effects of filling stage temperature on the characteristics of starch and storage protein and the quality of rice grains. Eight early maturing rice varieties were cultivated in Cheolweon (latitude $38^{\circ}15^{\prime}N$) and Suwon (latitude $37^{\circ}16^{\prime}N$) areas in Korea. Rice grown in Suwon, with relatively high ripening period temperatures, showed significantly reduced head rice ratio and eating qualities, higher protein and lower amylose contents than rice grown in Cheolweon. In rice that ripened under high temperature conditions, the starch contained significantly less short-chain amylopectin (DP < 12) but more intermediate- (DP 13-24) and long- (DP > 25) chain amlylopectin compared to rice that ripened under normal conditions. In addition, the electrophoretic pattern of rice storage protein under high- temperature conditions revealed decreased prolamin and increased glutelin contents.