• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.288-294
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• 1996

Background : Most studies of the pituitary hormonal responses to electroconvulsive therapy(ECT) have used limited blood sampling schedules. Little is known about the precise sequence of neuroendocrine events immediately following en ECT application. or about the regulation of the hormonal responses. Methods : Blood was sampled at three minute intervals from eleven patients(two schizophrenics and nine affective disorder patients) undergoing ECT. Each sample was immunologically assayed for arginine vasopressin(AVP), adrenocorticotropic hormone(ACTH), prolactin(PRL), and cortisol. Baseline hormone concentrations and several measures of response were determined for each hormone. The temporal and quantitative relationships among the hormonal responses were determined. Correlations were calculated between seizure duration and secretory responses. Results : All four hormones demonstrated significant secretory responses to ECT, with AVP increasing from 1.2 to 33.3pg/ml(P<0.001), ACTH from 5.4 to 32.3fmol/ml(P<0001). PRL from 21.8 to 102.2ng/ml(P<0.005) and cortisol from 20.1 to 31.1ug/dl(P<0.001). The three pituitary hormones showed consistent time courses of secretion with onset of responses by three minutes but clearly differing peak times of 3, 6, and 12-15 minutes for AVP, ACTH, and PRL, respectively. Cortisol began to rise after 6minutes and pecked between 20-30minutes. There ware no significant correlations between seizure duration and any of the secretory response measures. Conclusions : 1) The pituitary hormone response to ECT is sequential rather than synchronous 2) The AVP response was extremely rapid and more massive than those of any other hormones. 3) The ACTH response of this study was more rapid and mare robust than thai revealed by the mast of past studies. 4) The results strongly suggest that the pituitary hormones are released as a result of the seizure rather tho, the electrical stimulus. 5) The sequential pattern of responses suggests that neuroendocine feedback-regulatory mechanisms determine the response profile.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.199-207
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• 1996

Ischemic myocardial damage is inevitable to cardiac surgery. Myocardial damage after initiation of reperfusion through the coronary arteries is one of the most important determinants of a successful surgery. Adenosine is a potent vasodilator, and is also known to induce rapid cardioplegic arrest by its property of antagonizing cardiac calcium channels and activating the potassium channel. Thus, we initiated this study with adenosine to improve postischemic recovery in the isolated rat heart. We tested the hypothesis that adenosine could be more effective than potassium in inducing rapid cardiac arrest and enhancing postischemlc hemodynamic recovery. Isolated rat hearts, connected to the Langendorff appratus, were perfused with Krebs-Henseleit buffer and all hearts were subjected to arrest for 60 minutes. Three groups of hearts were studied according to the composition of cardioplegic solutions : Group A (n=10), adenosine 10mmo1/L+potassium free modified St. Thomas cardioplegia : Group B (n=10), adenosine 400mo1/L+S1. Thomas cardioplegia:Group C(control, n=10), St. Thomas cardioplegia. Adenosine-treated groups (group A & B) resulted in more rapid cardiac arrest than control group (C) (p< 0.01). There was greater improvement in recovery of coronary blood flow at 20 and 30 minutes of reperfusion in group A and at 20 minutes in group B when compared with control group(p<0.01). Recovery of systolic blood pressure at 10 minutes after reperfusion in group A and B was significantly superior to that in group C (p<0.01). Recovery of dp/dt at 10 minute after reperfusion in group A was also significantly superior to group C (p<0.05). Group A and B showed better recovery rates than control group in aortic blood flow, cardiac output, and heart rate, but there were no statistical differences. CPK levels of coronary flow in group A were significantly low (p< 0.01). We concluded that adenosine-enriched cardioplegic solutions have better effects on rapid cardiac arrest and postischemic recovery when compared with potassium cardioplegia.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.15B no.4
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• pp.269-274
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• 2008

In this paper, we propose a new stereo correspondence method for generating excellent external energy for snake-based object segmentation methods in stereo images. Our method first generates an edge-based disparity map by performing stereo correspondence between multi-level edge maps of the stereo image pair. Only edges of similar strength are considered for matching. To filter the disparity map for edges of the object of interest, the method estimates the object's disparity value by matching the pattern of edges of the region of interest in the left image against candidate patterns in the right image. The filtered edge map is then used to generate external energy for the snake. The proposed method has been tested on two snake models and results show a noticeable enhancement on performance of the snake when compared with other methods.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.9
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• pp.1566-1572
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• 2004

Effects of azodicarbonamide (ADA) were investigated on the rheological properties of flour dough by measuring farinogram, amylogram and extensogram based on the amount of ADA added. Quality characteristics of the bread made with the ADA added dough were also evaluated by measuring dough volume, moisture content, pH, proofed time, baking loss and textural characteristics. The farinogram showed that water absorption, stability and elasticity of the dough with ADA were higher than those without ADA. However, its absorption time and weakness decreased compared to the dough without ADA. Through the amylogram, it was found that gelatinization temperature and maximum viscosity increased, but temperature of maximum viscosity reduced in the dough with ADA. The extensogram showed that the area and resistance of the dough increased slightly but extensibility decreased drastically after fermentation, resulting in the ratio of resistance and extensibility (R/E) of the dough with ADA was lower than those without ADA. The bread prepared with the dough containing ADA after freezing up to 12 weeks showed higher pH and specific loaf volume but lower moisture content, second proof time and resistance than those without ADA.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.300-305
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• 1987

Changes in pigments of freeze dried grasshopper in refrigerator were determined to asses the storage stability. In storage at $5^{\circ}C$, chlorophyll contents were drastically decreased but pheopytins were increased. The degradation of chlorophylls get under controlled with vacuum package. The pigments extracted from 98 days stored samples were fractionated by silicic acid column and obtained 3 portions (3a, 3b and 3d). These portions were compared Rf values (0.75, 0.56, 0.50, respectively) and absorption spectra (408, 666nm; 419, 651nm; 433, 655nm, respectively) with that of standard and were identifed pheophytin a and b and 'changed' chlorophyll a. Especially, pheophytins a and b were great strength accelerated to lipid oxidation.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.300-306
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• 2000

Several bacterial strains utilizing crude oil as their sole carbon and energy source were isolated from polluted marine by crude oil. One of the strains, named KCL-2 showed strong degradation activity for crude oil. This strain was identified as a Klebsiella sp. based on the morphological, biochemical, and physiological characteristics. The optimum cultural conditions were as follows; $27^{\circ}C$~$37^{\circ}C$ for temperature and 7.0 for initial pH. Additionally, the optimal concentration of sodium chloride was 3.0%, confirming indicating that this strain was derived from sea water.The strain KCL-2 could use several kinds of n-alkane hydrocarbones from octadecane to octacosane as a sole carbon source. The emulsifying activity by KCL-2 was the highest after 3 days of cultivation under the condition of 3.0% sodium chloride, pH 7.0 and 32$^{\circ}C$. This strain had several criptic plasmids.

• 한국해양학회지
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.324-331
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• 1991

Laboratory experiments were undertaken in mixing chamber to study the water-in-oil emulsion formation tendency, stability and formation rate of 16 crude oils. Arabian, Iran, Dubai, Isthmus and Daekyung crudes showed high emulsion formation tendency and had water contents of 80-90%. Emulsions of crude oils of middle East were very stable, while Isthmus and Daekyung sudes formed unstable emulsion. Emulsion formation tendency rate, and stability showed significant correlations with asphaltene content of crude oil. To evaluate the possibility of preventing mousse formation, inhibition ability of several dispersants and demulsifier was tested. They inhibited mousse formation at 0.1-0.2% concentrations (v/v). Emulsion inhibition by chemical treatment delayed the time of formation, but did not decrease water content. Demulsifying ability of dispersants and demulsifier was tested because biscous emulsion causes formidable problems in skimming, pumping and recovery operation. British demulsifier Alcohol 0 showed excellent emulsion breaking efficiency at 0.1% of emulsion Vol..

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.16-21
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• 2004

Six bacterial strains which formed large halo on chitosan-containing agar plate were isolated from beach mud and crabs at South coast of Korean peninsula. They were designated as Bacillus cereus KNUC51, B. cereus KNUC52, B. cereus KNUC53, B. cereus KNUC54, B. cereus KNUC55, and Paenibacillus favisporus KNUC56 by analysing their morphologies and 16S rDNA sequences. Chitosanase activities of all isolates were similar to that of B. subtilis 168. To enhance the activity of chitosanase, a powerful mutagen, MNNG was treated for P favisporus KNUC56. Three mutants showed higher activity of chitosanase than that of the original strain. The DNA fragments containing chitosanase gene from B. cereus sources were cloned, sequenced, and their deduced amino acid sequence analysis showed over 93% homologies with that of the known B. cereus ATCC14579. Extracellular sample from the isolates was incubated in proper reaction mixture including chitosan for 5 minutes at $37^{\circ}C$ to produce 3-10 chitosan oligomers which has been known to be active for clinical agents and agronomical agents.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.247-251
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• 1999

In spite of various bio-functionalities of chitosan, the effects in vivo were still ambiguous because of its low absorption on organism. Therefore, chitosan oligosaccharides (COSs) are necessary to elucidate for an efficient utilization in vivo. COSs were prepared from chitosan using ultrafiltration membrane enzymatic reactor system with MWCO (molecular weight cut-off) 3,000 Da of membrane. Calcium absorption accelerating effect using COSs was examined by two methods, in vitro and in vivo. In vitro experiment, calcium absorption by the addition of COSs in a mixture solution of calcium and phosphate was higher approximately $50\%$ than that by control. In vivo using rats, group taken the diet contained $1\%$ COSs anil calcium chloride decreased about $75\%$ of calcium content excreted from feces, and then, showed about $15\%$ increase in breaking force of femur. These results demonstrated that COSs definitely involved in calcium metabolism in vivo.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.10
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• pp.103-111
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• 2017

This study was performed with a view to examine the nature and difference of EFA(Exploratory Factor Analysis) and CFA(Confirmatory Factor Analysis), and to compare the analysis process and result of EFA and CFA with the same data. The result of empirical analysis was as follows. Meanwhile, p.1, p.3 was removed owing to hampering the convergent validity in EFA, p.3 was removed owing to hampering the discriminent validity in CFA. EFA was reduction process of muti measurement variables to a few factor, but CFA was understanding and confirmatory process of measurement and latent variables' relation. Eventually, this study showed that EFA and CFA used different methology, thus the different outcomes appeared although using the same data, and implicated resonable application of methology according to given data.