• Journal of Aerospace System Engineering
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.42-46
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• 2013

In 2010, Airworthiness standard for VLA(Very Light Airplane) category was newly introduced as KAS Part VLA. KAS Part VLA is an adaption of EASA CS-VLA which was developed to reduce unnecessary burden of manufacturer of very light, simple, single-reciprocating-engine/propeller powered airplanes having low stall speeds by tailoring some requirements of Part 23. In this paper, difference and similarity of structural requirements between Part 23 and VLA was analyzed.

• Journal of Aerospace System Engineering
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.71-78
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• 2021

Since most functions of modern aircraft are controlled by software, software errors are directly related to aircraft safety. The criterion in Chapter 15 of the MIL-HDBK-516C addresses safe development and verification of military aircraft software. As the U.S. Air Force repeatedly experienced non-compliance with Chapter 15 criterion of the MIL-HDBK-516C, it published an Airworthiness Circular (AC-17-01) as a guide to meeting the criterion. In this paper, Chapter 15 of MIL-HDBK-516C, AC-17-01 and the SW Qualification Guideline (DO-178C) as applied by the Federal Aviation Administration are compared and analyzed. For the analysis, a matching ratio formula between the MIL-HDBK-516C criteria specified in AC-17-01 and the DO-178C specified in MIL-HDBK-516C criteria is defined. The sections that satisfy MIL-HDBK-516C criterion are derived when AC-17-01 or DO-178C matches. Based on the analysis results, the aircraft software development process is established and examples of application of Chapter 15 of MIL-HDBK-516C are addressed.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.31 no.9
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• pp.110-120
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• 2003

As the wooden aircraft in the early times has no way to let lightning flow when lighting flash attaches during flight, the aircraft got damage, or caught fire. Though all metal airplane was developed with an advent of aluminum, a lightning accident still occurred including a fire of a fuel tanks. Eventually, NACA declared problems in 1938, and an artificial lightning test began. III succession, FAA established Airworthiness Requirements for certification. The FAA committed test measures study for the protection of an airplane from lightning to SAE. SAE presented the test current and voltage waveforms that simulating natural lightning, and it is utilized on lightning protection certification of an airplane by public. A lightning effects of an airplane through an analysis of lightning mechanism was made in this technical note. Especially, lightning direct effects on aircraft are analyzed and lightning strike zones are described.

• Journal of Aerospace System Engineering
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• v.14 no.spc
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• pp.49-55
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• 2020

The average probability of a lightning strike to transport aircraft operating in airline service has been estimated to be approximately one strike in every year (or one strike per 1,000 through 20,000 flight hours). The important thing is not the probability of a lightning strike to aircraft, but the fact that aircraft is struck by lightning. Therefore, lightning protection design for aircraft should be qualified and compliance with airworthiness standards related to lightning protection must be substantiated in the process of certification. In this paper, I studied means of compliance for lightning protection through analysis of some test cases, including the KC-100 airplane that firstly obtained civil type certificate in Korea. Based on this paper, it will be also necessary to study on the effect of lightning for space launch vehicles.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.84-91
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• 2010

New aircraft category such as Light Sport Aircraft is introduced to prevent Ultralight Vehicle accidents and to promote aviation sports. Therefore, a new rule for airworthiness standard, certification, operation and maintenance of light sport aircraft is being created. The present study deals with LSA concept, development trend of LSA, airworthiness standards and certification policy. In particular, an aircraft type analysis of FAA certified LSA is conducted to establish performance requirements of Light Sport Aircraft designs.

• Journal of Aerospace System Engineering
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.16-23
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• 2021

Domestic and foreign manufacturers are developing VTOL UASs in various shapes in line with demand for future technologies. UASs have been developed in a shape classified as fixed/rotary wing, and verified by appropriate certification standards. However, airworthiness certification of recent VTOL UASs is strict with the absence of VTOL-specific certification standards. In this paper, criteria applicable to VTOL UAS were presented through analysis of STANAG-4671 and STANAG-4702, which are certification standards for fixed/rotary wing UAS of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and the Special Condition for VTOL Aircraft (SC-VTOL) of European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA). For this, the categorization criteria of general/fixed-wing/VTOL characteristics were established for each standard item and utilized for analysis.

• Journal of Aerospace System Engineering
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• v.14 no.spc
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• pp.7-12
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• 2020

In this paper the new revision of Korean Airworthiness Standards (KAS) - Emissions was proposed for enforced environmental standards. The Aircraft Engine Fuel Venting and Exhaust Emissions Requirements have been only defined for smoke, HC, CO and NOx as management items in previous KAS. However, this standard has not covered the current situation that International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) enforced environmental regulations, such as emissions trading system, limitation of CO₂ emissions and restriction of exhaust gas. In order to overcome these outdated situations, we presented the new requirements for aircraft exhaust gas emissions standard of Korea based on the latest standards of United States, Europe and other countries.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.519-526
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• 2013

In managing shipping business, the concept of seaworthiness of the vessel has developed in accordance with the development of the shipping industry. However, despite of the development of the vessel's seaworthiness, marine accident has continuously occurred at sea. International Maritime Organization(IMO) has paid attention to the research and investigation of Human Error in shipping operations in addition to physical seaworthiness of the vessel. In 1994, IMO adopted the "International Management Code for the Safe Operation of Ships and for Pollution Prevention(ISM code)" of "SOLAS 1974" Annex, to take countermeasure against this human error. In 1999, Korea adopted the 'ISM Code' and then enacted the Maritime Safety Act (previously Maritime Traffic Safety Act). The Maritime Safety Act regulates necessary qualifications of the Human Resources of shipping companies for establishment and implementation of the safety management system. However, there has been a discrepancy between shipowners and ship management companies in interpreting the legislative texts, finally causing confusion. In this paper, I would like to examine the deficiencies in the regulation on the standard of qualifications of the Designated Person under the Maritime Safety Act and thereby suggest any possible improvements in it.

• 한국항공운항학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2016.05a
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• pp.202-208
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• 2016

최근 5년간 발생한 국적 항공기 사고 23건 중 헬기사고가 16건으로 전체 항공사고의 70%를 차지한다. 현재 국내에서 고정익 항공기 549대, 회전익 항공기 186대가 각각 운영(군 경찰 보유헬기 제외)되고 있음을 감안하면 회전익 항공기 사고가 훨씬 높은 편이며, 고정익 항공기 가동시간에 비하여 가동률이 매우 낮은 회전익 항공기를 고려하면 비행시간당 항공기 사고 비율은 회전익 항공기가 월등하게 높은 편이다. 또한 고정익 항공기의 평균기령은 10.9년인데 비하여 산림항공본부를 비롯한 헬기운영업체에서 운영 중인 회전익 항공기의 평균기령은 18.9년으로 회전익 항공기가 전체적으로 노후화 되어 있으나, 국적항공사에 운영 중인 노후 항공기 관리프로그램을 회전익 항공기 운영사에서는 운영하지 않고 있다. 따라서 본 연구를 통하여 노후 항공기 운영현황을 검토하여 노후 회전익 항공기 운영기준을 수립하고 노후 회전익 항공기의 정비프로그램을 정립하여 회전익 항공기의 지속감항성을 확보할 수 있는 방안과 수명주기 설정을 마련하고자 한다.

• Journal of Aerospace System Engineering
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.63-71
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• 2015

An aircraft engine is considered as the most important element among aircraft systems. Thus type certificate is required for an aircraft engine to ensure its safety under appropriate airworthiness standard. U.S. FAR Part 33 or European CS-E is widely adopted as an airworthiness standard for aircraft engines, and other representative countries of the world established own airworthiness standards under their regulations. In this paper, we compared differences of the requirements between FAR Part 33 and CS-E, and proposed the rulemaking items to harmonize Korean Airworthiness Standard for Aircraft Engines with worldwide standards and to contribute to growth of aviation industry.