• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2012.10a
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• pp.63-64
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• 2012

2008년부터 시작된 세계경제 위축은 전 세계 해상물동량 감소로 이어져 컨테이너선업계의 불황이 더욱 심화되고 있다. 선사들은 불황을 극복하기 위하여 여러 가지 전략들을 구사하고 있다. 대부분의 선사들은 잉여 선박의 추가투입으로 감속운항을 통해 선박 운영비용을 절감하고 있는데, 이와 같은 시도는 선사입장에서는 비용절감이 되지만 감속운항이 화물의 정시성을 저해하는 요소로 작용하고 있기 때문에 화주입장에서는 불만요인이 될 수 있다. 이러한 상황에서 'M'선사는 "On Time Delivery"를 보증하기 위해서 아시아-유럽항로에서 새로운 서비스인 Daily Maersk Service를 2011년 10월부터 적용하고 있다. 본 서비스는 아시아발 북유럽행 특정 기간 포트구간 수송에서 100% "On Time Delivery"를 보증하고, 또한 매일 화물수탁을 가능하게 한 신서비스이다. 본 연구에서는 업계 1위를 달리고 있는 'M'선사가 감속운항을 하면서도 화물의 정시성을 높이기 위해 실시하고 있는 Daily Maersk Service를 통하여 가격 경쟁과 더불어 서비스 경쟁에서도 우위를 확보하려는 전략이 효과를 나타내고 있는 지에 대하여 사례연구를 통하여 확인하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2010.10a
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• pp.103-105
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• 2010

국내외 해운 환경 변화를 반영한 새로운 발전 전략의 수립이 필요한 시점에서 본 연구는 고유가와 선복과잉 상황 하에서 경제속력으로 감속운항을 위한 선박추가 투입과 환적의 경제성 효과에 대해 실제비용을 바탕으로 사례분석하고 이를 근거로 해운기업이 소유한 가용선박의 활용방안을 제시한다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.41-47
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• 2012

Recently, due to the rapid rise of the international oil price, the burden of fuel oil expense is relatively increasing in a ship. And the international restriction of the greenhouse gas which was generated from the burning of fuel oil is also rapidly strengthened. Therefore, to reduce the greenhouse gas and fuel oil consumption, many shipping company adopted the low speed navigation and it was focused on the improvement of fuel consumption efficiency and the usage of alternative energy in the marine engine development field. In this paper, the fuel oil consumption according to the ship's speed was measured in the actual seas and analyzed the shop test results in the shipyard and the ship navigation data from the abstract log. And then it was proposed that the ship's economic speed was 14~15kts and the optimum rpm was 140~150 in specific sea conditions.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.52-58
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• 2013

Operation Abstract : Operational cost required for navigating a ship may differ from according to type, scale, economic speed, navigation area and other factors. However, it is known that the fuel oil price ratio takes 50~60 %. It is the current trend because of the use of poor quality fuel and it is reviewed even for small to medium sized ships to save the operational costs due to the recent rise of international oil price. Furthermore, ocean carriers are taking action to low speed navigation as the alternative method of reducing fuel consumption. Hence, in this study, fuel consumption of main engine was measured by using actual operating ship data compared with sea speed at sea. It was suggested that the area of M/E's load(70 %) lower than NCR is the optimal navigating condition through the relation between speed and fuel consumption compared with advance ratio together with the load.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2013.06a
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• pp.198-200
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• 2013

최근 국제해사기구(IMO)의 해양환경보호위원회에서(MEPC)는 선박에서 대기로 방출되는 CO2의 양을 최소로 하기 위해서 신조선 설계 건조시 에너지효율지수(EEDI : Energy Efficiency Design Index for new ships), 에너지 효율지표(EEOI : Energy Efficiency Operational Indicator), 그리고 에너지 효율관리 계획(SEEMP : Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan) 지수들을 이용하여 전 세계 이산화탄소 배출 규제 방침을 운영하고 있다. 이러한 환경규제 강화와 발맞추어 세계 각국은 지속적인 Green-ship의 개발과 저탄소 고효율 선박의 운항을 위해 연구와 노력한다. 본 연구에서는 선박이 움직이는데 있어 동력이 시작되는 부분과 그 힘이 전달되어 운항자의 의식이 반영되어 선체의 이동으로 이어지기까지 흐름에 대해 도식 및 수식으로 정리하였다. 그리하여 해상의 상태와 이에 따른 운항결정이 어떤 결과를 초래할 수 있는지 살펴보고 이 부분에서 운항효율을 증대시킬 수 있는 부분에 대해 모색해 보았다. 또한 엔진의 상태에 따른 연료 절감율에 대해 살펴보고 보다 경제적 운항을 위한 적정 RPM과 속도 등에 대해서 고찰해 보았다. 이 같은 정리를 통해 앞으로의 Echo-ship, Green-ship의 연구방향에 대한 초석으로 삼고자 한다.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.620-625
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• 2015

In an effort to reduce the onset of global warming, the International Maritime Organization Marine Environment Protection Committee (IMO MEPC) proposed the reduction in ship speeds as a way of lowering the proportion of carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) in the Green House Gas emissions from ships. To minimize fuel costs, shipping companies have already been performing slow steaming for their own fleets. Specifically, the slow steaming approach has been adopted for most ocean-going container lines. In addition, because of the increased marine fuel cost that is required to enable increased capacity, there is an urgent need for more advanced fuel-saving technologies. Therefore, in this present study, we propose a fuel-cost reduction method that can improve the performance of diesel engines. We introduce a predetermined amount (0.025% of the amount of fuel used) of fuel additive (oil-soluble calcium-based organometallic compound). For improved experimental accuracy, as the test subjects, we utilize a large two-stroke diesel engine installed in land plants. The loads of the test engine were classified as low, medium, and high (50, 75, and 100%, respectively). We compare the engine performance parameters (power output, fuel consumption rate, p-max, and exhaust temperature) before and after the addition of fuel additives. Our experimental results, confirmed that we can realize fuel-cost savings of at least 2% by adding the fuel additive in low load conditions (50%). Likewise, the maximum combustion pressure was found to have increased. On the other hand, we observed that there was a reduction in the exhaust temperature.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.41-57
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• 2023

The drybulk shipping market has high freight rate volatility in the chartering market and various and complex factors affecting the market. In the unstable economic situation caused by the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, the BDI plunged due to a decrease in trade volume, but turned from the end of 2020 and maintained a booming period until the end of 2022. The main reason for the market change is the decrease in the available fleet that can actually be operated for cargo transport due to port congestion by the COVID-19 pandemic, regardless of the fleet and trade volume volatility that have affected the drybulk shipping market in the past. A decrease in the actual usable fleet due to vessel waiting at port by congestion led to freight increase, and the freight increase in charting market led to an increase in second-hand ship and new-building ship price in long-term equilibrium relationship. In the past, the drybulk shipping market was determined by the volatility of fleet and trade volume. but, in the future, available fleet volume volatility by pandemics, environmental regulations and climate will be the important factors affecting BDI. To response to the IMO carbon emission reduction in 2023, it is expected that ship speed will be slowed down and more ships are expected to be needed to transport the same trade volume. This slowdown is expected to have an impact on drybulk shipping market, such as a increase in freight and second-hand ship and new-building ship price due to a decrease in available fleet volume.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2014.10a
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• pp.149-150
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• 2014

VLOC와 ULOC를 포함한 케이프급 광탄선과 LNG 운반선 등 수백차례 이상 축적된 거대형 선박조종의 현장겸험을 정리하여 유사한 선박의 조종이나 학술적인 연구에 도움을 주고자 하는 것이 본 연구의 목적이다.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.33 no.10
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• pp.665-669
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• 2009

When maneuvering a ship in a narrow channel or under bridge, the ship operator may take actions of slowdown engine and altering course in order to avoid possible navigational dangers, which may reduce difficulties on navigation or collsion avoidance against other ship and/or bridge. In this paper, taking notice of the stress caused by these actions of slowdown engine and altering course, survey is carried out for whether it is possible to quantify the stress by time delay as an index. Based on the ship handling simulator experiment, it is verified that difficulty of navigation changes is highly correlated with the time delay, which result from compensation actions of slowdown engine and altering course.

• The Journal of shipping and logistics
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.657-675
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• 2018

This study examines various policy programs for the creation of green harbors in major ports in the Northwest of the United States and suggests ways to apply them to major ports in Korea. Based on the fuzzy analysis process, the importance of major policy programs for the development of green ports in Korea was compared and analyzed. As a result of importance analysis, the Green Ship Incentive Program and the Carbon Footprint Program were identified as the most important policies. The first policy programs that should be introduced to Incheon Port are the AMP installation operation program and a vessel slowing program around the seaport. In case of Busan Port, the AMP installation operation program, the vessel slowing program around the seaport, carbon footprint, and installation of DPF were found to be excellent policies. These results may provide practical implications for policy makers of port authorities which has conducted environmental projects.