• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.160-165
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• 2008

This study was conducted to analyze sensory profiles of commercial sojues using a standardized sensory evaluation procedure, and to investigate the effects of sensory characteristics and brands on consumer liking for soju. Descriptive analysis and consumer taste testing were conducted for seven commercial sojues. For the descriptive analysis, eight panelists generated and evaluated 12 flavor and one pain-sensation attributes for the soju, and there were significant differences among the soju samples for all the 13 sensory attributes. For the descriptive data, principal component analysis was performed to summarize the sensory characteristics of the sojues. For the consumer testing, 224 soju drinkers (20-29 year-olds) were recruited and randomly divided into two groups; a blind group and a group with the knowledge of brand. While the hedonic ratings obtained from the blind group didn't indicate significant differences among the sojues, the ratings obtained from the brand-informed group showed significant differences. Finally, the individual preferences of the 112 consumers in each group were investigated by preference mapping techniques.

• 기호학연구
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• no.56
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• pp.137-158
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• 2018

In 1999, the French semiotician Jacques Fontanille published his work on discourse semiotics as an attempt to overcome the limitations of structuralism. Discourse semiotics has expanded the realm of semiotics by taking a phenomenological approach that examines the structure of consciousness. Phenomenology pays special attention to the operation of human consciousness, which, instead of staying put, moves from one place to another-unbeknownst to its agent. This paper examines "Bulls" through a phenomenological approach as the short story depicts the stream of consciousness that unfolds within the inner world of Pau, the young male protagonist. The rhetorical approach to literary analysis works at the level of the speech act and directly relates to speech act theory. In rhetorics, figures and tropes are dominated by speech acts. Whereas conventional rhetorical analysis lacks a kinetic perspective as it revolves around flat semantic inspections, the discourse semiotics approach applied in this paper allows for an indepth multidimensional analysis where the analyses of ${\acute{e}}nonc{\acute{e}}$ and ${\acute{e}}nonciation$ complement each other. Presenting a peasant movement to the reader through the eyes of the young male protagonist Pau, "Bulls" is considered a significant literary feat in the history of Korea's New Literature as the work is highly regarded for its impressive depiction of a communal movement. This paper reinterprets and reevaluates the story under a new light, mainly through a rhetorical approach and a phenomenological approach that hinges on discourse semiotics.

• Journal of Popular Narrative
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.9-44
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• 2020

This article aimed to looked back at the 1960s, which were assessed to be 'the age of essays', to survey denotations of essays, amplified by the discourse antagonism surrounding 'essays' and the writings of philosophers. Kim Hyeong Suk, Ahn Byeong Uk, and Kim Te Gil were philosophy professors of Yonsei University, Soongshil University, and Seoul National University and writers of numerous essay collections of the 1960s. However, there have been very few studies conducted on them. This is because of old prejudices within literary history that primarily undervalue essays and practices that try to limit them as 'Literariness'. Essays of the 1960s became the flavor of the times based on democratic demands that attempted to objectify individual experiences and grounds that passed through the war and the April 19 Revolution. The language of philosophers was expropriated through the various senses of first person writing to readers of the times, which lacked civil culture and national morality. Deficits in public spheres of the 1950s and 1960s were filled by Kim Hyeong Suk's narrations of comfort and conquest based on historic experiences, Ahn Byeong Uk's logic of self-discipline and knowledge based on democracy, and Kim Te Gil's humor and introspection that objectified the lives of the petit bourgeois. However, as the essays of philosophers failed to connect with the public discourse of the age, they were unable to go as far as sparking or serving as a medium for civil culture in the 1970s. Regardless, as essays rose historically in the 1960s, thought was given to the characteristics of the 'essay' genre and in connection, to the merits and demerits of cultural history that possesses the language of philosophers.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.321-328
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• 2022

The aim of this in-vitro study is to evaluate the effect of potassium iodide (KI) on erythrosine-mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT) against Streptococcus mutans biofilms. S. mutans ATCC 25175 was cultured to form a biofilm on a hydroxyapatite disk. After diluting erythrosine to 20 μM and KI to 10, 50, and 100 mM, respectively, PDT was performed. The number of surviving bacteria was calculated as colony forming units (CFU)/mL and the statistical significance of the difference between groups was confirmed by Bonferroni post-hoc analysis. Cell viability was visually evaluated using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). As a result of the experiment, a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in CFU was observed in the experimental groups in which PDT was performed after applying KI regardless of the concentration of KI. In addition, a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in CFU was observed in the experimental group to which 100 mM KI was applied compared to 10 mM KI. The same results were confirmed when observing CLSM. KI significantly improved the efficacy of erythrosine-mediated PDT on S. mutans biofilms at all concentrations. This may compensate for the low sensitivity of PDT to biofilm-state bacteria strains, but it is necessary to establish an optimal clinical protocol through further research.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.74-82
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• 2002

The present study is aimed to investigate the effect of the safety hat on the balance of body temperature by observation of the physiological response under hot working environment. The experiment was carried out in a climate chamber of 3$0^{\circ}C$, 50%RH for 70 minutes. To compare the two kinds of safety hat, 5 healthy male subjects worn safety hat without hole (called 'without hole') or safety hat with hole (called 'with hole') according to a randomized cross-over design. The main results of this study are as fellows: Rectal temperature and heart rate were significantly lower level in 'with hole'than in 'without hole'. The mean skin temperature was significantly higher in 'without hole'than in 'with hole'. Blood pressure were significantly low in 'with hole'. Sweat rate which was measured by weight loss before and after experiment was higher in 'without hole'. In subjective ratings, subjects replied more hot, more uncomfortable and more wet, they felt more fatigue in condition of 'without hole'. Work ability which was measured by a grip strength dynamometer was higher in 'with hole'. Safety hat which can be used for safety of the brain in work place is meaningful device of behavioral thermoregulatory response under the hot working environment. The safety hat which is designed for proper ventilation and hygiene can maintain the homeostasis of body temperature by releasing body temperature efficiently.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.329-338
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• 1992

This study was attempted aimed to prepare of Andong sikhe by pure culture inoculation and to improve storage stability by the addition of stabilizers to the product. Lactobacillus delbreuckii was selected for pure culture inoculation in the fermentation. The effect of stabilizers on the sedimentation, sensory evaluation and viscosity of Sikhe were investigated during the fermentation of traditional Andong Sikhe stored at $4^{\circ}C$ Morphological characteristics of Sikhe were determined by scanning electromicrograpy. Among the stabilizers added to the traditional Andong sikhe Na-alginate was found to be best stabilizers. When the product was evaluated by the sensory panel, the addition of stabilizers up to 0.1% level actually increased the acceptability of the product, while the concentration of more than 0.2% stabilizers affected the acceptability of the negatively. Sikhe added Na-carboxymethyl cellulose and Na-alginate showed highest viscosity on the 2nd day of fermentation, while homogenized Andong sikhe with Carrageenan showed the highest peak in viscosity on the first day of fermentation. Lactic acid bacterial count reached to $3.2{\times}10^8/ml$ after 20 days of storage. The surface and cross section of rice was observed by scanning electron microscope. As the fermentation proceeded holes on the surface increased, and nearly empty cell wall remained at the later stage of fermentation. Use of pure cultured inoculum of L. delbreuckii supported the rapid build up of the lactic acid bacteria and consequently the whole process of the fermentation was shortened. The acceptability and product quality were improved by use of L. delbreuckii inoculum.

• Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Sports Medicine
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.122-127
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• 2008

Purpose: Evaluation and analysis of the incidence of postoperative complications after arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using bone-patellar tendon-bone autograft. Materials and Methods: We reviewed 172 cases of arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using bone-patellar tendon-bone autograft in anterior cruciate ligament tear without meniscal injury. We performed Lysholm knee score and KT-2000 testing, simple radiograph, physical examination as evaluation factor. Also, around knee pain, swelling, limitation of motion, patellofemoral crepitation, paresthesia and pain on kneeling were evaluated. Results: The average follow up period was 49.8 months. In 172 patients, 148 males and 26 femlaes were evaluated. The average age was 34.4 years. The Lysholm knee score improved from 51.9 points preoperatively to 90.8 points at final follow up. Clinical outcome was excellent in 83%, good in 11%, fair in 4% and poor in 2%. There were many cases of complications, 24 cases (14%) of around knee pain, 12 cases (7%) of swelling, 45 cases (26.2%) of patellofemoral crepitation, 52 cases (30%) of donor site paresthesia, 65 cases (38%) of pain on kneeling, 10 cases (5.8%) of limitation of motion at extension, 13 cases (8%) of limitation of motion at flexion and 2cases (1.2%) of patellar fracture. Conclusion: Although arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using bone-patellar tendon-bone had good clinical results, many complications were noted. Some factors in surgical technique were suspected to be related to the complications and long term follow up will be necessary to further evaluated.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.31-40
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• 2016

Objective : This study aimed to provide the preliminary data as a pilot study on standardizing BOT-2 by using an assessment criteria linked to Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency (BOTMP) short form for the children with preschool years(4-6 year old) in South Korea. Methods : A total of 81 children aged 4-6 in Busan and Gimhae were participated in this study. They were evaluated by using BOT-2 SF. It provides the average values and standard deviations about the abilities of praxis along with descriptive statistical analyses, and has the verification of gender differences by using independent t-test and using ANOVA for discrepancies in the abilities of praxis. Results : There were significance difference in the total raw score between four and five (p=.000), the items on fine motor accuracy between five and six year olds (p=.014). Girls showed higher scores than boys in fine motor accuracy, fine motor integration and balance (p=.022, p=.006, p=.031). Also, mean raw scores of 4 and 5 year olds (p=.007, =.000), and the all age group's standard scores were higher than the age in American children who were the participants of BOT-2. Conclusion : This study suggested the average of each item with regard to the ability of motor praxis about the children of preschool ages and showed the dissimilarity in the ability of motor praxis between age and gender, also between the participants in this study and American children who were participants of BOT-2. The research could provide basic data for future studies to standardize BOT-2 SF for korean preschoolers.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.720-728
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• 2014

In order to characterize the quality of Doenjang, fermented Korean soybean paste, subjected to long-term aging, this study performed physico-chemical analyses and sensory evaluation according to aging period (from 1 to 9 years). Regarding the proximate composition of Doenjang according to aging period, moisture, crude protein, crude lipid, crude ash, and salt contents showed little differences among Doenjang samples. Amino-type nitrogen content was 1,046.7 mg% in the 1 year-aged sample, 990.9~996.9 mg% in the 2~5 year-aged samples, and 1,214.1~1,304.8 mg% in the samples fermented more than 5 years. ${\Delta}$E value, reflecting total color differences between the samples, increased according to aging period. Ratios of linoleic and linolenic acids, which are essential fatty acids in soybeans, constituted 55% of total fatty acids, which was the most abundant among all fatty acids. The major free sugar in Doenjang was fructose at a content of 1.6~2.2% in 1~9 year-aged Doenjang. Glycoside form of isoflavones in Meju constituted 77.1%, and the aglycon form constituted 22.9%. However, the glycoside type of isoflavones in soybeans was converted to aglycon type in Doenjang through fermentation and aging. In the sensory evaluation of Doenjang samples, brown color, salt smell, soy sauce flavor, and viscosity all increased according to aging period, whereas sweet flavor, roast smell, beany flavor, salty taste, and acrid taste showed no significant differences. In cluster analysis of the sensory attributes of Doenjang according to aging period, 1 year-aged Doenjang was significantly different between 2 year- and 3~5 year-aged Doenjang.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.30-39
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• 1999

Purpose: Anorectal manometry is a way of investigation for ano-rectal sphincters. In this paper we evaluated the usefulness of anorectal manometry in constipation patients and compared the anal spnincter function in control, constipation and encopresis patients Methods: We analysed the data of anorectal function studies in normal children (control, n=11), children with constipation (constipation group, n=20) and children with encopresis (encopresis group, n=16). Results: The specific manometric parameters in normal children were like as follows; external anal sphinter pressure $21.0{\pm}8.00$ mmHg, internal anal sphicter pressure $30.0{\pm}14.57$ mmHg, conscious rectal sensitivity threshold $11.4{\pm}4.52$ mmHg. The above results were not different from that of previous studies except conscious rectal sensitivity threshold, which was slightly lower than that of others. Internal and external anal sphincter pressure were elevated significanlty in constipation and encopresis groups than in control, which results was the same in conscious rectal sensitivity threshold. But the values of rectoanal inhibitory threshold and percent relaxation of rectoanal inhibitory reflex were not different among control group, constipation group and encopresis group. External sphincter activity was increased during the act of bearing down for defecation in none of the child in control group, in 6 of 17 children in constipation group and 5 of 12 children in encopresis group. Conclusion: With the results of above we could say that complete history taking and physical examination are important in diagnosis of constipation, and we could say also that the anorectal manometry was a valuable tool to understand the physiology of normal defecation and the pathophysiology of constipation and encopresis.