• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.125-134
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• 2003

Purpose: To report the early results of preopeartive concurrent radio-chemotherapy (CRCT) for treating rectal cancer. Materials and Methods: From June 1999 to April 2002, 40 rectal cancer patients who either had lesions with a questionable resectability or were candidates for sphincter-sacrificing surgery received preoperative CRCT. Thirty-seven patients completed the planned CRCT course. 45 Gy by 1.8 Gy daily fraction over 5 weeks was delivered to the whole pelvis in the prone position. The chemotherapy regimens were oral UFT plus oral leucovorin (LV) in 12 patients, intravenous bolus 5-FU plus LV in 10 patients, and intravenous 5-FU alone in 15 patients (bolus infusion in 10, continuous infusion in 5). Surgery was planned in 4$\~$6 weeks of the completion of the preoperative CRCT course, and surgery was attempted in 35 patients. Results: The compliance to the current preoperative CRCT protocol was excellent, where 92.5$\%$ (37/40) completed the planned treatment. Among 35 patients, in whom surgery was attempted after excluding two patients with new metastatic lesions in the liver and the lung, sphincter-preservation was achieved in 22 patients (62.9$\%$), while resection was abandoned during laparotomy in two patients (5.7$\%$). Gross complete resection was peformed in 30 patients, gross incomplete resection was peformed in one patient, and no detailed information on the extent of surgery was available in two patients. Based on the surgical and pathological findings, the down-staging rate was 45.5$\%$ (15/33), and the complete resection rate with the negative resection margin 78.8$\%$ (26/33). During the CRCT course, grade 3 $\~$4 neutropenia developed in four patients (10.8$\%$). Local recurrence after surgical resection developed in 12.1$\%$ (4/33), and distant metastases after the preoperative CRCT start developed in 21.6$\%$ (8/37). The overall 3-years survival rate was 87$\%$. Conclusion: Preoperative CRCT in locally advanced rectal cancer is well tolerated and can lead to high resection rate, down-staging rate, sphincter preservation rate, however, longer term follow-up will be necessary to confirm these results.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.5-8
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• 2005

Rotator interval should be as loose as possible, though not so loose as to break the shoulder mechanism. This region is a source of significant shoulder pathology resulting in patient discomfort and dysfunction. The clinical features fall into two categories. Rotator interval tightness is associated with impingement, contracture with adhesive capsulitis, and widening with anteroinferior, posterior or multidirectional instability. Coracoid impingement can cause damage to the structures of the rotator interval, Injury of the interval are associated with subscapularis tears as well as biceps tendinitis, fraying, subluxation, and dislocation. An understanding of the normal and pathologic anatomy can lead to successful diagnosis and treatment of lesions in the rotator interval.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.81-88
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• 1991

The bilateral castration of male mice was operated under light ether anesthesia, and the sham operated mice were considered as the uncastrated. The treatments of mice with the following steroids were started one hour after operation. Hydrocortisone 50 mg/kg (HC), dehydroepiandrosterone 250 mg/kg (DHEA), ${\beta}-estradiol$ 5 mg/kg (E2), and testosterone 20mg/kg (TS) were subcutaneously injected into male ICR mice at noon for four days. Animals were sacrificed in the next-morning (at 10-12 A.M.) after the last injection. The intestinal putrescine(PT) content was lower and the liver and intestinal spermine(SM) contents were higher in castrated mice(CM), comparing with those of uncastrated mice (UCM). The intestinal PT content of UCM was markedly increased HC. But all brain polyamines of CM were significantly decreased by it. And HC also increased the spermidine(SD) content of kidney and liver and the intestinal PT content in CM. E2 induced the marked increase of liver PT content with the moderate increase of renal SD in UCM. And E2 significantly increased the brain and liver PT contents and the all renal polyamine contents in CM. Both of DHEA and TS induced the increase of renal PT content in UCM, and they also induced the marked increases of all renal polyamines of CM. In addition, TS increased the brain SM of CM. These results suggest that the steroidal regulation mechanism of brain, kidney, liver, and intestine seems to be different from one another, and the renal activity of polyamine synthesis can be markedly enhanced by sex steroids.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.68-72
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• 2001

Prenatally diagnosed neuroblastomas have been reported in increasing numbers over the past several years. The vast majority are in favorable stages of the disease (stage I, II, IV-S). The authors experienced one case of stage IV-S neuroblastoma of the adrenal gland with liver metastasis, which regressed spontaneously after removal by adrenalectomy. This patient was noticed to have an abdominal mass at prenatal ultrasonography performed at 36weeks of gestation. This tumor was a neuroblastoma of the left adrenal gland with multiple liver metastases. Left adrenalectomy and liver biopsy were performed at 3 months of age. Thirty-eight months after surgery, an MRI demonstrated that the hepatic metastatic lesions had completely regressed without chemotherapy or radiation.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.125-136
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• 2007

본연구장이송대이후유의적성립화의이투과명대적대표적유의장개빈(本硏究將以宋代以後儒醫的成立和意而透過明代的代表的儒醫張介賓), 진행검시의론화의덕지중유학이론적투영과정화전개(進行檢詩醫論和醫德之中儒學理論的投影過程和展開). 송대이후유학적인산생유의적지중칭지위인술적개념(宋代以後儒學的仁産生儒醫的之中稱之爲仁術的槪念), 효화인성위의학적존립목적(孝和仁成爲醫學的存立目的). 저래원재어유학구유적도덕적생명의(這來源在於儒學具有的道德的生命議), 이차이생명도덕적해석위중심(而且以生命道德的解釋爲中心), 해석형기적문제(解釋形氣的問題). 생리적변화촉진심성변화적촉발(生理的變化促進心性變化的觸發), 심성적부중절조성병리(心性的不中節造成病理). 유의문장유학적절욕양생적의미전이도의학(儒醫們將儒學的節欲養生的意味轉移到醫學), 이차장욕구화감정절제주장적성리학화의학재어일개구조지중상통(而且將欲求和感情節制主張的性理學和醫學在於一個構造之中相通). 유학적추구시인간화자연이급사회적도덕주체적확립(儒學的追求是人間和自然以及社會的道德主體的確立), 이차전개장개빈이급유의문적유학이상(而且展開張介賓以及儒醫們的儒學理想). 유의적의의부지재어장의학적과학기술문제(儒醫的意義不只在於將醫學的科學技術問題), 장유추인간생명적도덕적의의(將類推人間生命的道德的意義), 재어의학적문화화도덕적해석적가능성(在於醫學的文化和道德的解釋的可能性).

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.236-245
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• 2017

Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess the effects of guava leaf extract (GLE) supplementation on antioxidant enzyme activity and expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) mRNA in ovariectomized rats. Methods: All animals were randomly assigned to four groups (n = 7 for each group): non-ovariectomized control (Sham), the ovariectomized control (OVX), ovariectomy + 150 mg/kg b.w. of GLE ($OVX{\cdot}GL$), and ovariectomy + 300 mg/kg b.w. of GLE ($OVX{\cdot}GH$). Treatment groups were administered GLE for 8 weeks every day. Results: Body weight gain was significantly reduced in the $OVX{\cdot}GL$ group compared with the OVX group (p < 0.05). The level of serum $17{\beta}$-estradiol (E2) was significantly lower in the OVX groups than the Sham group (p < 0.05). Serum triglyceride (TG) and HDL-cholesterol levels were not significantly different between all groups. However, serum total cholesterol (TC) level was significantly reduced in the $OVX{\cdot}GH$ group compared with the OVX group (p < 0.05). Serum free fatty acid (FFA) level and liver TG level were significantly reduced in both $OVX{\cdot}GL$ and $OVX{\cdot}GH$ groups compared with the OVX group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, serum glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity was significantly elevated in the GLE groups (p < 0.05). The mRNA expression level of GPx was not affected by ovariectomy. However, administration of GLE resulted in significantly increased nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) and catalase (CAT) mRNA expression levels in the liver (p < 0.05). In addition, liver nitric oxide (NO) level was significantly reduced in the $OVX{\cdot}GH$ group compared with the OVX group (p < 0.05). Expression level of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) was significantly elevated in the $OVX{\cdot}GH$ group compared with the OVX group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: These results suggest that GLE could have protective effects in OVX rats by stimulating eNOS expression and improving the antioxidant defense system.

• Journal of Digestive Cancer Research
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.48-51
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• 2013

We report an unusual case of postoperative early gastric cancer with liver metastasis mimicking pancreaticobiliary carcinoma. A 73-year-old man with early gastric cancer was transferred for endoscopic treatment. The patient underwent endoscopic submucosal dissection for the treatment of the early gastric cancer. The pathological diagnosis was adenocarcinoma with extension to the deep submucosa and some lymphatic invasion. Therefore, subsequent a subtotal gastrectomy was performed. The histological results demonstrated residual adenocarcinoma confined to the mucosa. The resection margin and lymph node metastasis were negative. Thus, he was closely monitored for recurrence every 6 months. After 2 years, he was suddenly suspected of developing liver metastasis and local recurrence. He received a liver biopsy, and the pathological result was poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. Immunohistochemical staining suggested pancreaticobiliary carcinoma rather than metastatic adenocarcinoma from the stomach or colon, but primary focus was not found. We were sure that the recurrent stomach cancer metastasized to the liver because stomach cancer can show heterogeneous cytokeratin (CK) expression pattern with various histological features. Therefore, no single CK expression pattern has diagnostic value for distinguishing gastric carcinoma. The patient underwent chemotherapy for metastatic stomach cancer.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.439-443
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• 2003

A lower laryngeal and upper tracheal stenosis that is of idiopathic origin is occasionally seen. It is called an idiopathic tracheal stenosis. These circumferential fibrous stenosis is rare and they are most often located in the subglottic larynx and extend to varying distances predominantly in young women. Because of the unknown nature of the disease process and uncertainty about its future progression, patients were approached conservatively. Recently, surgical resection and reconstruction have been increasingly performed, as favorable results were obtained. Three female patients with dyspnea were admitted. For two patients, they were diagnosed this conditions as bronchial asthma by mistake. All patients were performed computed tomography and bronchoscopy. For two patients with subglottic stenosis, subglottic resection was performed by cervical collar incision, and for the other one patient with distal tracheal stenosis, tracheal resection was performed by right posterolateral thoracotomy. A diagnosis of idipathic tracheal stenosis was confirmed by postoperatively pathologic finding. For one case, because of anastomosis site infection and restenosis, a whole tracheal exposure was performed by cervical collar incision and median sternotomy. And reoperation was peformed successfully.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.231-243
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• 1997

This study was carried out in order to find out the changes of the pharyngeal airway, hyoid bone and head posture before and after tonsillectomy in functional class III malocclusion patients. For this study, 21 Angle's class I patients and 21 Angle's class III patients, totally 42 subjects were chosen. The results were as follows; 1. In comparison to Class I group, tongue was more anteriorly and hyoid bone was more inferiorly positioned in functional Class III group 2. In comparison to pre-tonsillectomy, tongue was more posteriorly positioned and larger nasopharynx depth was shown in post-tonsillectomy. In post tonsillectomy, the hyoid bone was displaced posteriorly and superiorly and counterclockwise rotation was shown. 3. The level of significance for the correlation shown was 5 percent (p<0.05) indicating that: The change of nasopharyx depth was correlated to the inclination of lower incisors. Vertical change of tongue posture was correlated to the hyoid axis change. Vertical change of hyoid bone was correlated to the horizontal change of hyoid bone, craruocervical inclination. The change of craniocervical inclination was correlated to the inclination of lower incisors. 4. After the tonsillectomy, counterclockwise rotation of hyoid axis was associated with decease of hya-NL and large nasopharyngeal airway. High posture of the tongue was associated with decrease of hya-NL. Posterior posture of the tongue was associated with increase of h-hl,and decrease of hya-ba-n.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.216-223
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of dietary caffeine supplementation on bone mineral density and bone mineral content in ovariectomized rats. Twenty eight female Sprague-Dawley rats (body weight $210\;{\pm}\;5\;g$) were divided into two groups, ovariectomy (OVX) and Sham groups, which were each randomly divided into two subgroups that were fed control and control supplemented with caffeine diets (caffeine 0.03% diets). All rats were fed on experimental diet and deionized water ad libitum for 6 weeks. Bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) were measured using PIXImus (GE Lunar Co, Wisconsin) in spine and femur. Serum alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP) and osteocalcin and urinary DPD crosslinks value were measured as markers of bone formation and resorption. The results of this study indicate that body weight gain and food intake were higher in OVX groups than in Sham groups regardless of diets. There were no differences weight gain between the control and caffeine groups in both OVX and Sham groups. Within the OVX groups, serum Ca concentration was lower in rats fed caffeine than in rats fed the control diet. Serum ALP, osteocalcin, urinary Ca, and phosphate were not different in each group. Spine BMD, spine BMD/weight, and spine BMC/weight, femur BMD/weight and femur BMC/weight of ovariectomy groups were significantly lower than Sham groups. Within the OVX group, there were no differences in spine BMD and BMC and femur BMD and BMC. These results indicate that no significant differences in spine and femur BMD were found due to 0.03% caffeine intakes in diet in OVX rats for 6 weeks. No negative effect of caffeine in 0.03% diet on bone mineral density were found in the present study. Further investigation of the relation between caffeine and bone mineral density are warranted. (KoreanJNutr2008; 41(3): 2l6~223)