• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.279-291
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• 1996

저수준레에저요법에 대해서는 지난 10여년간 의학계 및 치과계에서 임상적으로 사용하여 좋은 결과가 있다고 많은 보고가 발표되고 있다. 특히 치근의 골결손에 관한 연구에서는 전기요법, 초음파요법, 전자장요법 등 뿐만아니라 저수준레이저를 사용하여 골절부내 Callus형성이 촉진되었음을 보고하고 새로운 치료법의 하나가 될 수 있음을 제안한 바도 있다. 본 연구에서는 칼륨비소를 다이오드로 사용한 저수준레이저조사가 골결손의 치유에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 확인하고자 골모세포의 알칼리성 인산분해효소의 활성화와 석회화결절의 형성을 평가함으로 골모세포의 기능을 조사코저하였다. 실험은 첫째, 9개군으로 나누어 레이저 조사기간에 따른 알칼리성 인산분해효소의 활성화를 조사하였고, 둘째, 이를 근거로 9일간 계속 매일 1회 1.3 J/cm2의 레이저를 조사한 후 펄스의 종류별 차이를 비교하였으며, 세째,레이저펄스별 석회차 결절의 형성 정도를 광학현미경으로 관찰하여 비교분석하였다. 결과, 7일 계속 레이저를 조사한 경우 다른 군에 비해 서서히 ALP의 활성이 증가하였으나 유의한 차이는 없었으며. 따라서 9일동안 레이저를 계속 조사한 경우에는 전체 에너지량이 5.895 J/cm2 인 펄스13과 15가 뚜렷하게 유의한 증가를 보여주었다. 그러나 석회화결절의 형성은 전체 에너지량이 2.546 J/cm2 인 펄스11에서 가장 많았다. 결론적으로 골형성이나 알칼리성 인산분해효소의 활성을 촉진하는 데에는 적절한 레이저 조사조건이 필요하나, 알칼리성 인산분해효소의 활성을 촉진한 펄스와 석회화결절의 형성을 촉진하는 펄스가 서로 다르게 나타난 것은 골형성을 촉진하는 여러요인 들이 저수준레이저에 자극받았을 가능성이 높음을 보여준다 이러한 결과들로 보아 저수준레이저는 골모세포의 기능을 자극하여 골결손의 치유를 개선하는 데 도움될 것이라 사료된다.다. 각 백서의 양측 창상중 하나는 1,3,5,7일 마다 각 실험의 방법에 따라 레이저를 조사하고 실험동물의 다른 창상은 대조군으로서 사용하였다. 모든 창상의 면적은 실험 1,3,5,7 일째에 일정한 거리에서 사진촬영하여 면적계를 이용, 측정한 후 통계적인 의의를 조사하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 저수준레이저는 특정 조건하에서 S. aureus의 증식을 촉진하였다. 그러나 S. aureus에 감염된 창상을 저수준레이저로 조사시 치유가 촉진되었다. 중앙 조사법고 주변조사법에 의한 창상치유효과는 통계적인 의의가 보이지 않았다. 따라서 결론적으로 S. aureus 에 감염된 창상에 직접 또는 간접적이든 pulse의 종류에 관계없이 조사하는 경우 치유효과가 나타나는 것은 정사주위 조직의 LLLI 자극효과가 염증의 확산을 억제한다고 말할수 있다.4/1$0^{\circ}C$에서는 Shoa-Nan-Tsan과 Lenkwang이 가장 높았으며 백앙벼는 3 온도 조건 모두에서 활성이 낮았다. 발아소요일수와 amylase 활성과는 유의적인 정의 상관관계를 보였다., 다다조, 미국의 건답직파재배 품종 등이었으며 우리 나라 육성종들은 모두 지중에서 신장이 멈추어 제1본엽이 지중에서 추출하였으며, Scm파종심에서 불완전엽이 지면을 뚫고 나오는 품종은 Chinsura Boro뿐이었고 Nato, Labelle, Weld Pally, Italliconaverneco 등도 지면 가까이 까지 신장하였다. 6. 50% 출아일수는 제2절간장을 제외 한 모든 유아 형질의 신장도와 유의한 부의 상관을 보였는데 가장 높은 상관을 보인 것은 중배축장＋제1절간장＋불완전옆장이었으며, 다음이 불완전엽장이 었다. 7. 출아율은 중배축장+제1절간장＋불완전엽장, 중배축장＋초엽 장과 모든 파종심에서 높은 정의 상관을 보여 제1본엽의 추출 위치가 높을수록

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.54-65
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• 2012

While fishery has been continuously suffering from deteriorating economic feasibility, the amount of the deposited marine litter has been increasing due to an increased number of marine leisure tourists which are caused by an improved quality of life and five-day work week. In addition, the fishery area has been reduced by the reclamation projects and it is being destroyed by marine pollution with a variety of contaminants coming from land and sea. To protect and improve fisheries in these poor conditions, Korean governments have implemented the submerged marine litter collection projects. However, previous research results on the marine environment and resources indicate that it requires a lot of time investment to achieve tangible results of such improvement. The 300 billion won marine environment and resource investigation project has been executed since July 2004 by Korean governments, which demands strategic approaches to obtain more effective and satisfactory results before the project expires in 2013. Ocean environment research institutes and governments need to cooperate each other to gain efficient and reasonable achievement by identifying and linking related projects. This study suggests that the marine environment and resources investigation projects should run parallel with the submerged marine litter collection projects on mutually agreed research items in the identical area of the ocean to obtain cost-effective improvement of marine environment and fishery conditions.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.503-518
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• 2012

Korean type of no-tillage cultivation method which was applied on this study used the ridge and the furrow and constantly recycling them as it was suitable for Korea's weather and farming conditions. This no-tillage cultivation was reported to have little negative impact such as reduction of production (Kwon et al., 1997). In addition, it was found to have a lot of benefits as it requires less agro-materials and energy costs as well as shortened working hours because tillage operation is not needed. (Yang et al., 2012). According to an analysis, no-tillage cultivation can reduce greenhouse gas emissions by $344.7kgCO^2$ (58%) in every 10a ($1,000m^2$) compared to ordinary pepper farming technique (Korea averages). Direct-indirect reduction effects from using fertilizer and using less amount of energy were 92% and 44% respectively both of which can be considered very high. Besides the direct effects of no-tillage cultivation, soil management using no-tillage technique raises carbon sequestration effect on soil as time goes on (West & Marland, 2002), that is why the technique is expected to have constant carbon emission reduction effect. For theses reasons, distribution and expansion of Korean type no-tillage cultivation are expected to play a role as major agro-green technologies for achieving our goal of reducing greenhouse gas emissions in agricultural sector.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.41-52
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• 2008

This study is to evaluate the property for the moisture susceptibility of asphalt mixtures using anti-stripping agent. Asphalt mixtures using lime, hydrated lime and liquid anti-stripping agent are evaluated through the three types of modified moisture conditioning($H_c$, V_s$, F-T). Indirect Tensile Test, that is recommended by AASHTO TP-9, which includes creep test, resilient modulus test and strength test is used to estimate moisture susceptibility. Analysis method through Energy Ratio(ER) that is proposed by Roque at University of Florida is used to evaluate moisture susceptibility and moisture resistance effects of asphalt mixtures using anti-stripping agent. As a test result, material property of asphalt mixtures was changed by moisture conditioning methods and the types of anti-stripping agent. Also, cracking resistance of accumulated moisture damage was changed by moisture conditioning methods and the types of anti-stripping agent. Based on test result, it was found that cracking resistance using Energy Ratio was differed from 10% to 30%.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.29 no.9
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• pp.17-29
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• 2013

The geophysical methods have an advantage for investigating the wide area with low cost, and thus the application of these methods has been increased. The objective of this paper estimates the characteristics of alluvium through the geophysical methods including elastic wave, electrical resistivity and ground penetration radar. And the standard penetration test is also carried out for verifying the geophysical data with comparison. The sources of elastic wave method are divided into hammer and sissy and the electrical resistivity method is applied with different sizes, shapes and arrays of electrode for deciding the effective way. The center frequency is determined to be 270 MHz for considering the characteristics of soil. The results of ground penetration radar are also compared with those of standard penetration test. The high resolution shows when the source is a sissy in elastic wave method, however, the water level is not identified. In the electrical resistivity method, the non-polarizable electrode and schlumberger array show highly reliable data and the resolution of ground penetration radar is low. Thus, the results of this study are widely applied for determining the appropriate method when investigating the characteristics of alluvium.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.299-308
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• 2016

Seoul metropolitan has established a vision as 'Healthy water-cycle city' to resolve urban water-environmental deterioration. And it established administrative structure to expand Low Impact Development (LID) facilities to recover aggravated water-cycle and water-environment. Therefore, various LID facilities are constructed and operated, however, benefit analytic plans for systematic valuation are insufficient. In this study, to analyze economic, environmental and social benefits of LID facilities, contents for benefit analysis were selected and categorized as water, energy, air quality and climate changes. As a result of quantification and valuation to the beneficial effects, LID facilities showed the total benefit as 1,191~3,292 won/yr. Characteristics of benefit distribution by analysis contents were various reflecting functional characteristics of each LID facility (Water: 30~90%, Energy: 4~44%, Air quality: <1~2%, Climate change: 5~22%). As a result of Triple Bottom Line analysis, economic benefit showed the greatest portion as 75~90%. As further studies, suggested benefit assessment plans for each LID facility should be applied to inter-connected LID systems on complex-scaled area, and synergy effects by various LID systems would be evaluated such as prevention of heat island and flood disasters.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.183-194
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• 2019

In recent years, the risk of external flooding of major national facilities has increased significantly since 2000 due to the increase in local heavy rainfall events. For important domestic national facilities, it is necessary to analyze the risk of external flooding as flooding in major sites due to heavy rain can cause functional paralysis in major facilities and ultimately lead to massive trouble events. In order to manage the safety of main facilities and its related facilities at a high level, it is necessary to analyze the degree of disaster such as flood depth, flood flow rate, flood time and flood intensity when extreme floods (LIP) are introduced. In addition, the degree of vulnerability of these related facilities should be assessed and risk assessments should be reassessed through linkage analysis that combines the degree of disaster and vulnerability. By calculating a new flood hazard curve for the flood depth and flood intensity in major national facilities under the heavy rainfall conditions through this study, it is expected to be a basis for the waterproof design of important SOC facilities, flood prevention function design, advancement of flood prevention measures and procedures and evaluation of flood mitigation functions.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.335-345
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• 2022

Climate change is accelerating worldwide due to the recent rise in global temperature, and the intensity of typhoons is increasing due to the rise in seawater temperature around the Korean Peninsula. An increase in typhoon intensity is expected to increase not only wind damage, but also coastal damage caused by storm surge. Accordingly, in this study, a study of the method of reducing storm surges was conducted for the purpose of disaster prevention in order to respond to the increasing damage from storm surges. Storm surges caused by typhoons can be expected to be affected by structures located on the track of typhoon, and the effects of storm surges were studied by the eastern coast and the barrier island along the coast of the Gulf of Mexico in the United States. This study focused on this aspect and conducted related research, considering that storm surges in the southern coastal area of the Korean Peninsula could be directly or indirectly affected by Jeju Island, which is located on the track of typhoon. In order to analyze the impact of Jeju Island on storm surges, simulations were performed in various situations using a numerical analysis model. The results of using Jeju Island are thought to be able to be used to study new disaster prevention structures that respond to super typhoons.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.34-39
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to examine physical properties of the addition of green tea powder on bread flour and dough rheology of white pan bread. Three levels(0.1, 0.5 and 1.0% ) of each green tea powder with bread flour were tested for their effects in dough mixing using rapid disco analyzer, alveogram and farinogram. Addition of green tea powder tended to reduce initial pasting temperature and increase peak viscosity, break down and set back. L(extensibility) and G(swelling index) value in alveogram showed decrement with increasing green tea powder. These meant that the volume of white pan bread would show same tendency. The use of green tea powder increased consistency and water absorption of the bread flour but decreased development time, salability and degree of softening on farinogram. White pan bread with green tea powder had higher value of hardness and springness than without it. Sensory evaluation determined that the white pan bread with 0.5% green tea powder had the highest score.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.411-415
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• 2009

Some microorganisms are capable of leaching Mn(II) from nonsulfidic manganese ores indirectly via nonenzymatic processes. Such reductive dissolution requires organic substrates, such as glucose, sucrose, or galactose, as a source of carbon and energy for microbial growth. This study investigated characteristics of Mn(II) leaching from manganese nodules by using heterotrophic Bacillus sp. strain MR2 provided with corn starch as a less-expensive substrate. Leaching of Mn(II) at 25.6 g Mn(II) $kg^{-1}$ nodule $day^{-1}$ was accompanied with cell growth, but part of the produced Mn(II) re-adsorbed onto residual $MnO_2$ particles after 24 h. Direct contact of cells to manganese nodule was not necessary as a separation between them with a dialysis tube produced similar amount [24.6 g Mn(II) $kg^{-1}$ nodule $day^{-1}$]. These results indicated an involvement of extracellular diffusible compound(s) during Mn(II) leaching by strain MR2. In order to optimize a leaching process we tested factors that influence the reaction, and the most efficient conditions were $25\sim35^{\circ}C$, pH 5~7, inoculum density of 1.5~2.5% (v/v), pulp density of 2~3 g/L, and particle size <75 ${\mu}m$. Although Mn(II) leaching was enhanced as particle size decrease, we suggest <212 ${\mu}m$ as a proper size range since more grinding means more energy consumption The results would help for the improvement of bioleaching of manganese nodule as a less expensive, energy-efficient, and environment-friendly technology as compared to the existing physicochemical metal recovery technologies.