• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.1539-1542
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• 2008

Plasma is 4th state of matters, which consists of electrons, neutral, and ionized particles. In biomedical research, cold plasma, which is generated in atmospheric condition, has been applied to disinfect microorganisms such as bacteria and yeast cells. Because of its low temperature condition, the heat-sensitive medical device can be easily sterilized by the cold plasma treatment. In recent years, the effects of plasma on mammalian cells have arisen as a new issue. Generally, plasma induces intensity dependent necrotic cell death. In this research, we investigate the feasibility of cold plasma treatment for cancer therapy by conducting comparative study of plasma effects on normal and cancer cells. We use THLE-2 (human liver normal cell) and SK-Hep1 (human liver metathetic cancer cell) as our target cells. The needle type of cold plasma is generated by the Helium plasma device. Two types of cells have different onset plasma conditions for the necrosis, which may be explained by difference in electrical properties of these two cell types.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.51-56
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• 2002

Induction of phase II enzymes such as quinone reductase (QR) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) is considered a major mechanism of protection against initiation of carcinogenesis. The present study was performed to evaluate the chemopreventive activity of Acori Graminei Rhizoma aqua-acupuncture solution (AGRAS) and Acori Graminei Rhizoma water-extracted solution (AGRWS) by measuring the induction of phase II enzymes. AGRAS and AGRWS are potent inducers of quinone reductase activity in murine hepatoma Hepa1c1c7 cells. The levels of GSH and GST was increased sightly with AGRAS and AGRWS. These results suggest that AGRAS and AGRWS may act as blocking agents against carcinogenesis by induction of phase II enzymes.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.21-26
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• 2001

Induction of phase II enzymes such as quinone reductase (QR) or glutathione S-transferase (GST) is considered a major mechanism of protection against initiation of carcingenesis. This study was desinged to investigate the potential of Astragali Radix Aqua-acupuncture Solution (ARAS) to induce phase II enzymes and glutathione (GSH) in murine hepatoma cells grown in microtiter plate wells. ARAS was potent inducers of QR activity. ARAS was induced about 2.6-fold at concentration of $5{\times}$. In addition, GST activity was increased with ARAS. GSH levels were increased about 1.2-fold with ARAS at concentration of $0.1{\times}$. These results suggested that ARAS may act as blocking agents against carcinogenesis by induction of phase II marker enzymes.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.49-55
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• 2011

Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) is one of the promising anti-cancer agent because of its ability to selectively induce apoptosis in tumor cell lines but not in normal cells. However, TRAIL resistance has been reported in some cancer cells including hepatocarcinoma cells. Therefore, studies of agents that sensitize TRAIL-resistant cancer cells could be a effective therapeutic approach in cancer management. In our study, we examined the effect of combination of TRAIL with apigenin in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. As a result, the combined use of TRAIL and apigenin significantly enhanced the cytotoxicity in PLC-PRF5 cells. Flow cytometry analysis after annexin V-FITC/PI dual staining showed that this increase of cell cytotoxicity was related to enhanced apoptosis in combined treatment of TRAIL with apigenin. Furthermore, synergistic induction of apoptosis was also confirmed by observation of morphological changes and annexin V-FITC/PI fluorescence. Our findings suggests that apigenin has the potential to improve the efficiency of TRAIL-based therapies in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Further study is needed to reveal the molecular mechanisms of this combined therapy.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.507-512
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• 2010

In this study, we investigated the ability of luteolin, a plant derived flavonoid on hepatocarcinoma cell growth using HepG2 cell culture system. We found that luteolin increased the Smac/DIABLO releases, a mitochondrial protein that potentiates apoptosis. Luteolin also induced either transcriptional activity or expression of PPAR-gamma, a target of cancer growth that PPAR-gamma agonist sensitizes to apoptosis in certain cancer types. To find the possible upstream target molecules of PPAR-gamma activated by luteolin treatment, we used compound C, a specific inhibitor of AMP-activated protein kinase. Pre-treatment of Compound C significantly restored the activation or expression of PPAR-gamma stimulated by luteolin. This result indicated that AMPK signaling might be involved in the activation or expression of PPAR-gamma signaling pathway stimulated by luteolin. Moreover, we also found that luteolin inhibited the insulin-stimulated Akt phosphorylation as well as AICAR, a specific AMPK activator. These results propose that luteolin significantly induces cancer cell death through modulating survival signal pathways such as PPAR-gamma and Akt. AMPK signaling pathway may be an upstream regulator for survival signal pathways such as PPAR-gamma and Akt stimulated by luteolin.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.821-828
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• 2008

Onchungeum, a herbal formula, which has been used for treatment of anemia due to bleeding, discharging blood and skin disease. In the present study, it was examined the effects of extract of Onchungeum (OCE) on the growth of human hepatocarcinoma cell lines Hep3B (p53 null type) and HepG2 (p53 wild type) in order to investigate the anti-proliferative mechanism by OCE. Treatment of Hep3B and HepG2 cells to OCE resulted in the growth inhibition in a dose-dependent manner, however Hep3B cell line exhibited a relatively strong anti-proliferative activity to OEC. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that OCE treatment in Hep3B cells caused G1 phase arrest of the cell cycle, which was associated with various morphological changes in a dose-dependent fashion. RT-PCR and immunoblotting data revealed that treatment of OCE caused the down-regulation of cyclin D1 expression, however the levels of cyclin E expression were not changed by OCE. The G1 arrest of the cell cycle was also associated with the induction of Cdk inhibitor p27 by OCE. Because the p53 gene is null in Hep3B cells, it is most likely that the induction of p21 is mediated through a p53-independent pathway. Moreover, p27 detected in anti-Cdk4 and anti-Cdk2 immunoprecipitates from the OCE-treated cells, suggesting that OCE-induced p27 protein blocks Cdk kinase activities by directing binding to the cyclin/Cdk complexes. Furthermore, OCE treatment potently suppresses the phosphorylation of retinoblastoma proteins and the levels of the transcription factor E2F-1 expression. Taken together, these results indicated that the growth inhibitory effect of OCE in Hep3B hepatoma cells was associated with the induction of G1 arrest of the cell cycle through regulation of several major growth regulatory gene products.

• Food Industry And Nutrition
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.51-57
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• 2007

한국산 복령과 후박의 이용성 확대를 위하여 각각 추출물의 ABTS와 DPPH라디칼의 소거능, 환원력의 항산화능 효과 및 인체암 세포주의 항암활성에 대하여 조사하였다. 복령과 후박을 버섯균사체로 발효시킨 한약 추출액의 항산화활성(ABTS와 DPPH 라디칼소거, 환원력)은 시료 추출물의 농도가 증가할수록 비례적으로 증가하였으며, DPPH 라디칼 소거활성은 ABTS보다 비교적 높게 나타났고, 원료후박 추출물($21.16{\sim}24.68%$)은 원료복령 추출물($45.46{\sim}49.63%$)에 비하여 약 2배 이상 높았다. 복령 시료 추출물의 농도별에 따른 환원력은 원료 복령($0.55{\sim}0.63$)에 비하여 동충하초, 팽이버섯 및 큰 느타리 균사체로 발효시킨 시료($0.50{\sim}0.62$)의 흡광도로 서로 비슷한 증가를 나타내었고, 후박 시료 추출물의 농도별에 따른 환원력은 원료 후박 추출물($0.98{\sim}1.06$)이 3가지의 버섯 균사체 발효후박 추출물($0.76{\sim}1.01$)에 비하여 약간 높았다. 자궁경부암세포(HeLa)와 대장암세포(HT-29)는 원료복령과 후박의 추출물이 각각의 발효한약에 비하여 저해활성이 높았다. 간암세포(HepG2)는 $200{\mu}g/assay$ 농도에서 팽이버섯 균사체 발효복령의 추출물이 가장 높았는데, 원료복령과 동충하초 및 큰 느타리에 비하여 각각 1.79, 1.35, 1.03배 높은 저해활성을 나타내었다. 그리고 팽이버섯과 동충하초 균사체를 배양한 발효후박에서 각각 $11.39{\sim}53.92%$, $10.71{\sim}50.21%$ 범위였으며, 원료후박에 비하여 $200{\mu}g/assay$ 농도에서 각각 2.21배, 2.05배 높은 저해활성을 나타내었다. 유방암세포(MCF-7)는 발효복령 추출물의 저해활성이 팽이버섯 균사체($58.35{\sim}72.87%$)에서 가장 높았으며, 큰 느타리버섯($61.04{\sim}67.66%$)과 동충하초($39.74{\sim}66.40%$) 및 원료복령($50.32{\sim}69.24%$)은 서로 비슷하였다.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.11-17
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• 2000

Induction of phase II enzymes such as quinone reductase (QR) or glutathione S-transferase (GST) is considered a major mechanism of protection against initiation of carcingenesis. The induction of detoxification enzymes and glutathione were studied with Lonicerae Flos aqua-acupuncture solution (LFAS), Angelicae gigantis Radix aqua-acupuncture solution (AGRAS), and Gamdutang aqua-acupunture solution (GAS) in murine hepatoma cells grown in microtiter plate wells. LFAS, AGRAS and GAS were potent inducers of QR activity. LFAS was induced about 2.6-fold at concentration of $3{\times}$. AGRAS and GAS were also induced about 2.6-, 1.8-fold at concentration of $5{\times}$, respectively. In addition, GST activity was increased with LFAS, AGRAS, and GAS. GSH levels were increased about 2-fold with LFAS at concentration of $5{\times}$, 1.3-fold with AGRAS at concentration of $3{\times}$, and 1.2-fold with GAS at concentration of $5{\times}$. These results suggested that LFAS, AGRAS, and GAS may act as blocking agents against carcinogenesis by induction of phase II marker enzymes.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.36-41
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• 2010

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of fermented ginseng extract by mushroom mycelia on antiproliferation of cancer cells. Phellinus linteus, Ganoderma lucidum, and Hericium erinaceum mycelia were inoculated to ginseng. The effects of fermented ginseng extract on antiproliferation of stomach (MKN-45), colon (HCT116), mammary (MCF-7), lung (NCIH460), prostate (PC-3), and liver (HepG2) cancer cells were investigated by MTT assay. Fermented ginseng extract showed significant antiproliferation effects compared with fresh ginseng extract. Fermented ginseng extract by P. linteus, G. lucidum, and H. erinaceum mycelia showed growth-inhibitory effect of 44.50, 17.75 and 43.98% viability at 1.5 mg/mL on the MKN-45 cell line, 62.86, 3.73, and 54.55% at 1.5 mg/mL on the HCT116 cell line, 41.81, 7.01, and 37.84% at 1.5 mg/mL on the MCF-7 cell line, 53.52, 5.31, and 35.27% at 1.5 mg/mL on the NCIH460 cell line, 35.05, 3.07, and 44.29% at 1.5 mg/mL on the PC-3 cell line, and 59.57, 6.34, and 4.97% at 1.5 mg/mL on the HepG2 cell line, respectively. These results indicated that fermented ginseng by G. lucidum mycelium showed the highest antiproliferation effect against various cancer cells.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.304-310
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• 2014

The use of mushrooms has immense potential in many diverse applications. Until now, more than 3,000 species are consumed around the world, and more than 100 have shown promising clinical activity against cancer and other chronic diseases. Sparassis latifolia (formerly S. crispa) is an edible mushroom that harbors ${\beta}$-glucan reported to possess immunostimulatory and anticancer properties. However there have been no reports on the anticancer activity of hydrophobic fractions of S. latifolia. In this study, the anticancer activities of S. latifolia extract and hydrophobic fractions were investigated using AGS (stomach cancer), A529 (lung cancer), and HepG2 (liver cancer) cell lines. In cytotoxicity results of A529 cells, fractions of A2, A3, A4, A6, A7, A8, A9, and A10 in all 12 fractions show low $IC_{50}$ values. For HepG2 cells, A7 fraction results in the lowest $IC_{50}$ value while A7, A8, and A11 fractions show low $IC_{50}$ values in AGS cells. S. latifolia extract lead to low cell viability in cancer cells, compared to positive control of paclitaxel. A compound with molecular weight of 181 were detected using HPLC-MS but not identified yet. As a result, the hydrophobic fractions of S. latifolia EtOH extract would be a possible candidate as natural anticancer agents in the future.