• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.54 no.2
• /
• pp.71-78
• /
• 2011

Biological activities of sarcocarp and calyx of persimmon (Cheongdo Bansi) were investigated. The electron donating ability of the calyx extract was 91% at a 500 ${\mu}g/mL$ level, which was higher than that of the sarcocarp extract (40%). The superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity of calyx extracts was about 22% at a 1,000 ${\mu}g/mL$ level. During the entire experimental period, there was no cytotoxicity found from sarcocarp and calyx up to 50 ${\mu}g/mL$. Our results indicated that sarcocarp and calyx significantly inhibited NO production and iNOS and COX-2 expression accompanied by an attenuation of interleukin (IL)-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, and tumer necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$ formation in human keratinocyte. These results suggest that sarcocarp and calyx of persimmon may have significant effect on inflammatory factors and can be used as potential anti-inflammatory agents.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.118-151
• /
• 1997

Allergic contact dermatitis is a common skin disease resulting from specific immumologic sensitization to topically applied various allergen. Purpose of this study was to investigate skin morphologic chganges by light microscopic, changes of protein band by SDS-PAGE in the skin treated on the surfactant. Furthermore, lectin histochemistry is used to know the chagnges of the terminal sugar of the glycoconjugate in the skin treated on the surfactant. The results were as follows : The 1 day of treated group was indicated the enlargement of capillary, the 3 days of treated group was showed that the cytoplasm was eosinophlic by the pyknotic of nucleus. The 6 days of treated group was observed hyperkeratinoid, increased of inflammation cells to epithelium. The 9 days of treated group was appeares that serum crust was sheded and formed a acanthosis. But dermis layer was cytoplasmic vaculation and enlargement of intercellular space. The 12 days treated group made up new epidermis layer of seven layer and of observed an decreased in quantity of inflammation cells. The mast cell of degranulated type was increased in treated surfactnat. It was secreating granules hold histamin, serotonin and heparin. Accordingly, protein band of electrophortic phase was observed a sudden changes since 3 days treated group. At observeation of the cell-surface glycoconjugates, LCA, PNA, SBA and WGA lectin positive cells but inducated lectin negative cells in Con-A. Furthermore, PNA and SBA showed stroger positive reaction as treated surfactant group.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
• /
• v.38 no.4
• /
• pp.327-338
• /
• 2012

Liquiritigenin and isoliquiritigenin are the major flavonoids present in licorice. These flavonoid compounds were prepared by submerged culture of Grifola frondosa (G. frondosa) HB0071 mycelia producing ${\beta}$-glucosidase in the aqueous extract of licorice. The contents of liquiritigenin and isoliquiritigenin were increased during the fermentation. This fungus produced a high ${\beta}$-glucosidase (activity of 91.5 mU/mL), thereby achieving high amounts of liquiritigenin and isoliquiritigenin ($568.5{\mu}g/mL$ and $89.6{\mu}g/mL$), respectively at 96 h. A reversed- phase high-performance liquid chromatography method was established for simultaneous determination of liquiritigenin and isoliquiritigenin in fermented licorice extract (FLEx). The anti-inflammatory activities were investigated by licorice extract (LEx) before and after fermentation with G. frondosa HB0071. The treatment of UVB-irradiated HaCaT keratinocytes with FLEx resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in the expression level of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) mRNA. Furthermore, FLEx dose-dependently decreased mRNA of the pro-inflammatory cytokines of IL-$1{\beta}$ and IL-6 in UVB-irradiated HaCaT cells. These results suggest that FLEx may mitigate the effects of skin inflammation by reducing UVB-induced adverse skin reactions.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
• /
• v.38 no.4
• /
• pp.311-319
• /
• 2012

Seborrheic dermatitis (SD) is the skin disease occurred because of Malassezia yeast which grows on the skin and scalp, and this yeast lives on sebum lipid, and their metabolite, free lipid acids are thought to be the main irritant on skin. To find out effective cosmeceutical ingredients to treat SD symptoms, we established novel cell-based in vitro model mimicking SD symptoms. This in vitro model adopted the co-culture system with primary sebocyte & HaCaT keratinocyte. We used M. globosa yeast extract, arachidonic acid, linoleic acid and dihydrotestosterone as SD inducers. In the co-culture system with optimized concentrations for SD-inducing cocktail, the production of IL-8 and sebum lipids increased up to 2-fold, and then we screened with commercial essential oils by monitoring IL-8 as a key inflammatory biomarker. Then we found that Cinnamomum zeylanicum oil, Mentha arvensis oil effectively down-regulated IL-$1{\alpha}$, IL-6, IL-8 cytokines which over-produced by SD-inducing cocktail. Additionally, two essential oils also showed inhibitory effect on sebum lipid synthesis from primary sebocyte and growth inhibitory effect to M. globosa yeast (MICs were lower than 0.0625 %). Our recent results suggest that Cinnamomum zeylanicum oil and Mentha arvensis oil could be effective natural herbal remedies to relieve or protect scalp seborrheic dermatitis.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
• /
• v.40 no.4
• /
• pp.413-421
• /
• 2014

Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) is involved in the stress response and there is increasing evidence that stress influences skin disease such as hair loss. In cultured human hair follicles, CRF inhibits hair shaft elongation, induces premature regression and promotes the apoptosis of hair matrix keratinocytes. We investigated whether CRF influences the dermal papilla cells (DPC) that play pivotal roles in hair growth and cycling. Human DPCs were treated with CRF, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and cortisol, key stress hormones along the hypothalamic-pituitary -adrenal (HPA) axis for 1-24 h. Interestingly, CRF modulated the expression of cytokines related to hair growth (KGF, Wnt5a, $TGF{\beta}-2$, Nexin) and increased cAMP production in cultured DPCs. CRF receptors were down-regulated by negative feedback systems. Pretreatment of CRF receptor antagonists or protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor prevented the CRF-induced modulation. Since the CRF induces proopiomelanocortin (POMC) expression through the cAMP/PKA pathway, we analyzed POMC mRNA. CRF stimulated POMC expression in cultured human DPCs, yet we were unable to detect ACTH levels by western blot. These results indicate that CRF operates within DPCs through CRF receptors along the classical CRF signaling pathway and CRF receptor antagonists could serve as potential therapeutic and cosmetic agents for stress-induced hair loss.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
• /
• v.40 no.4
• /
• pp.321-330
• /
• 2014

Ultraviolet B (UVB) is a primary environmental factor that induces adverse effects on skin such as photoaging, skin burn and cancer. UVB also increases the expression of $11{\beta}$-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 ($11{\beta}-HSD1$), which converts inactive cortisone to active cortisol in response to a variety of stressors in target tissues. Thus, we have screened new herbal extracts that suppress $11{\beta}-HSD1$ expression induced by UVB in human dermal fibroblasts. We also investigated whether Trapa japonica (TJ) extract and its fractions inhibit UVB-induced photoaging in Hs68 cells and 3D skin model. Results showed that TJ extract inhibited the increase of $11{\beta}-HSD1$ expression in UVB-exposed Hs68 cells significantly. TJ extract and its fractions not only inhibited $11{\beta}-HSD1$ expression, but also suppressed the increase of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-1, 3, 9) and proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, 8) in UVB-irritated Hs68 cells. TJ extract also inhibited MMP-1 expression in UVB-irritated 3D skin model. In addition, TJ extract recovered UVB-induced decreases of epidermal thickness and PCNA-positive cells in 3D skin model. Taken together, these results suggest that TJ extract and its fractions inhibit UVB-induced skin photoaging by interfering with $11{\beta}-HSD1$ and MMPs.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
• /
• v.38 no.3
• /
• pp.296-302
• /
• 2011

Idiopathic gingival fibromatosisrarely occurs, but frequently recurred after surgical removal. It usually occurs in generalized symmetrical pattern but sometimes in localized unilateral pattern. The localized pattern usually affects the maxillary molar and tuberosity area. This disease usually causes tooth migration, malocclusion, and problems in eating, speech, and esthetics. A boy showed dense gingival fibromatosis localized at primary maxillary right lateral incisor area at the age of 5 years, and his maxillary right lateral incisor become severely displaced at the age of 9 years. He had no medical and hereditary factors relevant to the gingival fibromatosis. However, the dense fibrous tissue was dominant in his labial gingiva of maxillary right incisors. In order to realign the displaced incisors by orthodontic treatment, the dense fibrous tissue covered the defect space between the central incisor and the displaced lateral incisor was surgically removed. The removed specimen was examined by simple immunohistochemical(IHC) array method. IHC array showed increased expression of CTGF, HSP-70, MMP-1, PCNA, CMG2, and TNF-${\alpha}$ in keratinocytes, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and macrophages of gingival fibromatosis tissue. Therefore, it was suggested that the gingival fibromatosis be caused by the concomitant overexpression of CTGF, HSP-70, MMP-1, PCNA, CMG2, and TNF-${\alpha}$, and resulted in the fibroepithelial proliferation and the inflammatory reaction of gingival tissue.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.23-33
• /
• 2003

This morphological study was carried out to investigate the healing effect of open and occlusive dressing on rabbit skin wounds. The male white rabbits were given incision wound measuring 1.0cm in length and excision wound measuring $1.0{\times}0.2cm$ respectively on backs. Five rabbits among their received sterilization with beta dine twice a day and kept wound open. Another group of rabbits received sterilization and occlusive dressing with application of 1% sulfadiazine ointment and covering of gauze. The rabbits were observed at 5, 10, and 15 days after dressing with light microscope. The results were as follows. Both incision and excision wounds received open and occlusive dressing respectively revealed formation of scab and regeneration of epidermal epithelial cells at wound margin. The superficial dermis showed infiltration of neutrophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes, fibroblastic proliferation, and edema. On 10 days after opera and occlusive dressing the scab had disappeared and regeneration of epidermal epithelium was completed. The capillaries and inflammatory cells were decreased in number. However, edema and fibroblastic proliferation were more pronounced. On 15 days after opera and occlusive dressing, there were keratinization of regenerated epidermal epithelium, loss of inflammatory infiltration, edema, and capillary proliferation, and increase of fibroblastic proliferation and collagen fibers. The amounts of scars were less in incision wound than of excision one. There were no differences in healing processes between both dressing methods. According to the above results, it was conceived that sterilization of wound is more important in wound healing than dressing method in trivial wounds.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
• /
• v.30 no.1
• /
• pp.79-83
• /
• 2004

In order to investigate the beneficial effects of parsely (Petroselinurn sativum) extract on skin, we measured the synthesis of total collagen and type I procollagen in cultured normal human fibroblast (NHF), the synthesis of prostaglandin E$_2$(PCE$_2$), interleukin 1 ${\alpha}$(IL -1 ${\alpha}$) and tumor necrosis factor ${\alpha}$ (TNF ${\alpha}$) in HaCaT cell and we also measured dermal thickness and density in hairless mouse (Female albino hairless mice, Skh:hr-1). As the results, the synthesis of total collagen and type I procollagen were increased 23％ and 18％ respectively, after 1 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL parsley extract treatment. The producions of PGE$_2$ induced by UVB irradiation were decreased 60％ after 1 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL parsley extract treatment. The treatment with 1 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL parsley extract also decreased the synthesis of IL -1 ${\alpha}$ and TNF ${\alpha}$ induced by 10 uM RA, 100 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL SLS and 30 mJ/$\textrm{cm}^2$ UVB irradiation, After 4 days treatment with 1％ parsley extract, the dermal thickness of hairless mouse was increased 1.5 times and the density of dermis was tighter than control. These results indicate that parsley extract have anti-aging and anti-irritation effects on skin.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
• /
• v.44 no.3
• /
• pp.343-347
• /
• 2018

We synthesized 1, 2-hexanediol galactoside (HD-Gal) from HD using Escherichia coli (E. coli) ${\beta}-galactosidase$ (${\beta}-gal$), in which the reaction is generally called as transgalactosylation (reverse hydrolysis). In this study, we investigated how much HD-Gal and HD had a cytotoxic effect on HaCaT cell, in order to compare HD-Gal with HD in terms of the cytotoxicity of human skin cell. Cell proliferation assay and phase-contrast microscope observation were used for investigating the cytotoxicity. As a result, HD-Gal had not cytotoxic effect on HaCaT cell in the concentration range from 42.2 to 211 mM. In addition, when we observed the cells using microscopy, there was no change in the cell morphology. Meanwhile, when 42.2 mM and 84.4 mM HD were treated on HaCaT cell, we did not observe the cytotoxicity; however, when 168.8 mM and 211 mM HD were on HaCaT cell, HD had a higher cytotoxic effect on HaCaT cell. In addition, when HD was treated on the cells regardless of the concentration of HD, there were obvious changes in cell morphology and cell number. It was expected hopefully that HD-Gal would be applicable as a substitute for HD as a less toxic preservative in views of safety, health, and well-being.