• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.33-42
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• 2016

Modern cultural heritage were made with various materials. But there are no certain analysis for modern cultural heritage. Analysis on rickshaw from National Museum of Korean Contemporary History were carried out using P-XRF, species identification, paint film analysis, FT-IR and microscope observation. As a result Copper and Zinc were measured in metal parts. Nickel alloys were first used in the modern era for rickshaw. Wooden parts, Oak(Quercus spp.), bamboo(Phyllostachys spp.) and Hinoki cypress(Chamaecyparis spp.) were identified. Outer films were painted by 5 layers and inner films were painted by 3 layers. More simple painting process were performed on the inner part. Cotton and wool were identified by FT-IR. Also, cowhide were identified. Authenticity conservation and restoration could be carried out with the results.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.257-261
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• 2001

Leather (skin & hide) is a body organ, comprising 3 to 5% of the animals weight. The cross-section of a leather is composed of two major divisions: the epidermis or grain layer and the corium or split layer. The leather is naturally covered with bacteria and fungi, because it is a particularly rich source of a wide variety of microorganisms. Stains or coatings of different colours occur in patches or over large areas, depending on the type of mould spore infestation. We examined the antibiotic effect of leather after washing. Upon applying equal fungicide, antibiotic effects increased as follows: grain layer>middle layer>flesh layer. Antibiotic effect decreased with increasing frequency of washing. Decrease in antibiotic effect was lower in OITZ fungicide than in TCMTB and CMK fungicides. Sulfated fatliquor showed higher antibiotic effect than phosphated fatliquor.

• Conservation Science in Museum
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• v.20
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• pp.93-106
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• 2018

The musical instruments displayed in Korean Museums consist of various materials such as wood, stone, metal, leather, and soil. As for instruments manufactured of organic materials, as time passed, they became damaged due to physical, chemical and biological effects. In order to restore these instruments, studies on the materials as well as the manufacturing techniques should be simultaneously conducted because of the characteristics of sound making instruments. In this study, 17th century Double bass were chosen as the model for the restoration study. The type of wood was identified and the finishing layer was analyzed. To investigate the finishing layer, the surface observation was conducted and the component analysis was also conducted by using both FT-IR and SEM-EDS. As a result, the species of wood were identified as the maple trees. In case of the finishing layer of it, the diluted Goma Lacca, a type of resin, with alcohol as the main solvent was covered for varnishing layer. These results were combined to determine the restoration of Double bass Maggini Giovanni Paolo varnishing layer and by this Violin was made.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.133-143
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• 2022

In this study, we analyzed the rickshaw (Owned by the Daegu Modern History Museum) by measuring each material. The purpose of the study was to identify the materials in modern cultural assets that utilize a variety of materials in a complex way, and establish basic data for preservation and management. Using portable X-ray fluorescence analyzers (P-XRF), species identification, fiber identification, paint film analysis (microscope observation, SEM-EDS, FTIR) on metal, wood, fiber and paint was carried out. Brass, an alloy of Copper, Zinc and Iron, was measured in the metal parts. Further, wooden parts, such as Oak (Quercus acutissima), Japanese Cedar (Cryptomeria japonica), Bamboo (Bambusoideae). Torreya nucifera (Torreya spp.) were identified in the body. Fiber parts consisted mainly of cotton, but some parts were also made of leather. In terms of paint, rickshaws were applied with multiple layers, using cashew (synthetic paint used in place of lacquer). In sum, the rickshaw body part appeared to overlap with layers of fiber, metal (soild), paint, and colored (black, red) layer.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Food Science of Animal Resources Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.287-290
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• 2004

매년 수입닭고기 국내 유통량의 증가에 따른 국내산과 수입산의 외형적인 색도 차이를 분석하고자 국내산 신선육과 국내산 냉동 닭고기, 수입산 냉동 닭고기의 뼈 및 근육 가죽의 색도 차이를 분석하였다. 국내산의 신선닭다리 뼈의 명도 L 값은 56.04로 밝은 반면 냉동상태인 수입닭 뼈는 40.34 및 국내산 냉동은 38.58로서 명도값이 떨어졌다(P<0.05). 적색도 a 값도 국내산 신선닭의 2.81로서 월등히 낮은 값을 보였다(p<0.05). 수입 닭고기 다리뼈의 단면 색은, 국내산 냉동 뼈의 명도값이 37.50으로 가장 높게 나타났으며, 신선 닭고기와과 미국산 냉동육 뼈 단면의 명도 값은 낮게 나타났다(P<0.05). 적색도 a 값은과 황색도 b 값에서도 차이를 보이지 않았다. 닭다리 근육의 명도값은 국내산과 수입육간에 차이를 보이지 않았으나, 적색도 a 값은 국내산 신선육이 6.99로서 수입 냉동육 9.72 및 국내산 냉동 11.31 보다 훨씬 낮게 나타났다(P<0.05). 황색도 b 값에서도 국내산 신선육이 12.76으로 낮았다. 수입 닭고기는 일반적으로 냉동상태로 수입 및 유통되기 때문에 장시간 냉동에 의해 약간 검붉은 빛깔을 띠며, 광택이 없지만, 국내산 닭고기는 신선냉장상태로 유통되기 때문에 육색이 밝고 광택이 있어 보인다. 특히, 수입 닭고기 중 미국산 다리부위는 정육이 아닌 주로 뼈가 포함된 닭다리 형태로 비닐말이에 종이박스로 포장되어 수입되는 실정으로 장기간 냉동으로 건조가 될 뿐만 아니라 냉동과정 중, 뼈속에 잔류하는 혈액성분이 남아있어 일반적으로 수입닭고기는 검붉게 보이는 특성이 있다. 이러한 뼈와 근육 및 가죽에 의한 색도의 차이에 따른 특성으로 국내산과 수입산의 외형상의 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다.rhamnose의 생합성 과정을 예상할 수 있었다.되어 있는 양 정도의 콜레스테롤을 추가적으로 보상시킬 수 있다고 하는데, 이는 달걀 이외의 음식물에서도 섭취되는 콜레스테롤 양을 감안할 때 하루 총 1,000~1,500mg에 해당하는 양이다. 뿐만 아니라 이중 일부 사람들은 일반적인 식단 하에서 6개의 달걀을 추가하여 섭취하여도 혈중 콜레스테롤 수준이 높아지지 않는다고 한다. 여러 나라에서 아직도 일률적으로 권장되는, 음식물을 통한 일당 콜레스테롤 섭취량을 최고 300mg으로 제한해야 한다는 것은 건강인에 있어서는 앞에서 언급한 바와 같은 생리적인 피이드-백 기작으로 말미암아 혈중 콜레스테롤 수준을 저하시키지 못하거나 미미한 정도에 불과하다. 혈중 콜레스테롤 수준이 정상적인 범위인 180~240 mg/dl에 해당하는 대부분의 건강인에게도 콜레스테롤이 많이 함유된 달걀이나 기타 축산물을 이용한 식품의 지속적인 섭취를 적극 피하도록 권장하는 것은 국민보건상 별로 큰 위미가 없다고 생각한다. 왜냐하면 이로 말미암아 국민 건강상 문제점이 크게 향상되었다는 연구보고는 아직 발견되지 않고 있기 때문이다. 더욱이 동물성 콜레스테롤 다량 함유식품인 달걀, 우유, 유제품 및 육류 등의 섭취를 꺼리게 되면 이들 식품들이 영양생리학상 매우 중요한 양질의 영양소를 많이 함유하고 있기 때문에 여러 중요한 필수 영양소의 공급상태를 뚜렷히 감소시키게 된다. 병적으로 혈중 콜레스테롤의 수준이 높은 사람은 관상성 심장병의 발병 내지는 심장경색에 의한 사망에 대한 통계학적 위험성이 증가된다. 고콜레스테롤 혈증(청, 중년층의 경우 260mg /dl 이상) 환자중 많은 사람들은 대부분 음식물을 통한 다량의 콜레스테롤 섭취에 의해 혈중 콜레스테롤 수준이 높아진 것이 아니고

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.241-247
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• 2019

In 2017, we collected a wood-decay fungus growing on a dead and decaying herbaceous plant (Reynoutria sachalinensis (F. Schmidt) Nakai) in Dokdo, the far-eastern island of South Korea. Morphologically, this species is characterized by resupinate, coriaceous to corky basidiocarps, poroid hymenophores, pseudodimitic hyphal system, and ellipsoid basidiospores. Based on morphological observation and internal transcribed spacer of ribosomal DNA, the fungus was identified as Xylodon flaviporus (Berk. & M.A. Curtis ex Cooke) Riebesehl & Langer. It is only the second macrofungal species reported from Dokdo, and R. sachalinensis is the first herbaceous plant to be identified as a host for X. flaviporus.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.524-530
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• 2019

In this study, polyether polyol polypropylene glycol and isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) were synthesized based on polyrupopylene mono methyl eher (PM) for the synthesis of water - soluble polyurethane for coating on leather skin layer. After synthesis of prepolymer, PM was added at $40^{\circ}C$ to 1M, 2M, 3M, and 4M to inhibit the viscosity rise, and neutralization reaction and chain extension reaction were carried out to prepare polyurethane samples. According to the measurement results of the tensile strength, elongation and adhesive strength of the prepared sample, the tensile strength was 2.109 kgf / mm2 for PM 1M, 1.721kgf / mm2 for 4M, elongation was 496% for PM 1M, 522% for 4M, adhesion was 1.114 kgf / cm for PM 1M and 0.99 kgf / cm for 4M.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.1-15
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• 2023

This research intended to reveal the special characteristics of the vegetation structure and the tendency of change of -landfill slope districts, which are reclaimed land, through an investigationsinto the presently existent vegetation and plant community structure of the World Cup Park landfill slope district. For the analysis of changes in vegetation, this study compared the results of field surveys in 1999, 2003, 2005, 2007, 2008, 2012, 2016, and 2021. For the investigation into the plant community structure, a field investigation was carried out in 2021 with six fixed investigation districts designated in 1999 as subjects. To analyze the change in the plant community structure, the past data on the population, the number of the species, and the species diversity by the layer in 2021 were compared and analyzed in the landfill slope district, which is reclaimed land. The changes of the vegetation distribution and the power had been affected by typhoons (Kompasu). Above the plantation foundation, which had been dry and poor, Salix koreensis, marsh woody plants that had formed the community, decreased greatly. The Robinia pseudoacacia community, after the typhoon in 2010, decreased in the number of species and population. Afterward, it showed a tendency to rebound. Regarding the Ailanthus altissima-Robinia pseudoacacia-Paulownia tomentosa community, the number of the species and the population had shown a change similar to the Robinia pseudoacacia community. The Paulownia tomentosa and the Ailanthus altissima have been culled. The slope was predicted as a Future Robinia pseudoacacia forest. The Salix pseudolasiogyne community has been transitioning to a Robinia pseudoacacia forest. Only some enumeration districts, the Robinia pseudoacacia forests and the Salix pseudolasiogyne, had been growing. However, most had been in been declining. It was predicted that this community will be maintained as a Robinia pseudoacacia forest in the future. As these vegetation communities are the representative vegetation of the landfill slope districts, which is reclaimed land, there is a need to understand the ecosystem changes of the community through continuous monitoring. The results of this research can be utilized as a basic material for the vegetation restoration of reclaimed land.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.1-15
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• 2020

This study was designed to come up with a way of managing a cultural landscape forest by conducting research on the vegetation structure and growth characteristics. This study's target site, which was 45,201㎡ in size, was Pinus densiflora forest for Sugumagi placed at the entrance of Unmun Temple, Sinwon-ri, Unmun-myeon, and Cheongdo-gun in the southernmost part of Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea. Sugumagi means the water of the valley flows far away, and where no downstream is visible according to feng shui. The historical sources of the Sugumagi Pinus densiflora forest at the entrance of Unmun Temple isn't clear. It waw only found at that location. The Pinus densiflora forest at the entrance of Unmun Temple is located in the waterway in terms of Feng Shui. The present condition of growth was investigated through a grid surveys of 98 trees and Pinus densiflora growth. As a result of the analysis of growth status, Pinus densiflora, Larix leptolepis, Zelkova serrata, Celtis sinensis, and Rhus javanica were distributed in the conopy layer, and 28 species including Ailanthus altissima were grown in the understroy layer, and 92 species, including Ampelopsis brevipedunculata, in the shrub layer. The plant community structure was divided into low, medium and high-density Pinus densiflora forests in the study area, based on the number in the conopy layer and the grade of and the trees analyzed. As a result of the analysis, the Pinus densiflora dominated the low, medium and high-density Pinus densiflora forests, and there were no competitive species. The relative dominance of the low-density Pinus densiflora forests was 46.9% on average, medium-density was 62.6% and 50.2% was found in high-density. The mean species diversity of Shannon in the low-density study was 0.7055, medium-density study was 0.8966 and the average species diversity of Shannon in the high-density study was 0.8317. The analysis of the age and growth of 25 sample trees in the Sugumagi Pinus densiflora forest shows that the distribution of the chest diameter (DBH) of the sample Pinus densiflora is 38 to 77cm with the average chest diameter being 61.1cm. The age was 84-161 years and the average was 114 years. In the Pinus densiflora forest, most(670,659, or 98.3%) of the tree trunk wound was collected for rosins during the Japanese colonia Era, Of the total 670, 659 were Pinus densiflora, 98.3% of the total. 394 were surgically repaired in 2005. For the preservation of the Sugumagi Pinus densiflora forest, dead trees should be replaced with substitute trees appropriate to the middle and south topography. It is demanded that foreign species such as Larix leptolepis in the research area should be removed and Pinus densiflora that underwent surgical operations should be regularly sterilized. It is also emphasized that the management of insecticide is important.

• Journal of Korean Society of Archives and Records Management
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.165-179
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• 2015

Archives have historical and academic values. That is why the study of preservation conditions and the environment for the effective management of various records progress. However, materials such as paper and adhesives will inevitably cause biological damages. These damages spread into the inner side of archives, which would make it impossible to recover. For example, archival records from Malaysia and Oman are easily exposed to biological damage because of these countries' hot and humid climate. As such, once records are damaged, disinfection operations are customary in these areas. Methyl bromide (MeBr) and ethylene oxide (EtO) were used in the disinfection process as they showed good insecticidal effect. However their antibacterial effect are negligible. As such, the need for an environmental-friendly fumigator was evident. An environmental-friendly fumigator is designed to improve storage stability. Such equipment is expected to contribute to prevention of damages to cultural heritages through its use of vaporization technology, maintenance of a disinfection space (chamber), and self-generation of nitrogen.