• Korean small business review
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.139-160
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• 2017

Today, changes in the environments surrounding companies are so uncertain that corporate entrepreneurship should be activated to enhance the competitiveness of firms and to improve their profitability. In particular, The practice of entrepreneurship by small and medium sized enterprises (hereafter SMEs) is suggested as an important factor for the enhancement of competitiveness of firms. In this context, this study examined the effects of the organizational climates on the entrepreneurship activities of SMEs in Korea and China. The data obtained from 300 SMEs in Korea and China through questionnaire surveys were analyzed. The results demonstrate that the organizational climates have significant positive effects on SMEs in the countries belonging to emerging markets such as Korea and China. However, the practice of corporate entrepreneurship could be manifested in diverse forms, such as innovation or strategic renewal, and the effects of organizational climates were shown to sightly different effects on the corporate entrepreneurship activities. In addition, SMEs in Korea and China, which belong to common cultural areas, did not show any statistically significant difference in organizational climates in general. Furthermore, the effects of these factors did not show significant differences in general. However, SMEs in Korea with more flexible organizational structures and higher job autonomy were shown to be more advantageous in practicing corporate entrepreneurship than those in China. The results of the study provide meaningful implications for SMEs in Korea in terms of the efforts that should be made to enhance their competitiveness, implement innovation, and achieve comparative advantages over China.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.51-81
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• 2012

This paper empirically investigates the dynamics of the poverty-higher education gap in Korea. Poverty may lead to a gap in access to higher education through two channels: the short-term inability to pay college tuition and fees and long-term disadvantages arising from one's environment that impede the development of academic ability. A regression analysis based on data from the Korean Education and Employment Panel suggests that it is long-term disadvantages that plays a dominant role in the dynamics of this gap. We also replicate a study carried out by Carneiro and Heckman, who have addressed a similar question in the US. Again, the results confirm that the crucial constraint is the long-term accumulation of disadvantages arising mainly from family background, not the short-term constraint. These findings suggest that policies designed to alleviate short-term financial constraints, such as tuition reduction, will be less effective in reducing the gap in accessing four-year college in Korea than policies involving early intervention in children's development.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.45-62
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate middle school home economics(HE) teachers' perception and needs on self supervision related to HE subject matter, Using the methods of survey and interview, 177 samples were collected. For collected surveys, mean value, standard deviation, frequency, percentage analysis were performed by using an SPSS/Win (ver10.1) program. The results of this study were as follows. First, the middle school HE teachers recognized that self supervision related to HE subject matter was absolutely needed to expand the improvement of techniques for teaching instructions and the width of knowledge on the studies on textbook. Second, the middle school HE teachers recognized the necessary parts of self supervision related to HE subject matter as HE teaching-learning methods, the studies on textbook contents, and HE education philosophy in order. Third, the middle school HE teachers recognized that it would be helpful in improving their HE class and expertise in order of field survey, participation in various training programs, utilization of mass media, participation in societies for researches and meetings and information sharing with co-teachers among the types of self supervision. Fourth, the middle school HE teachers needed the reduction in miscellaneous duties, less pressure for time, restoration of teachers' desire, support of physical resources (improvement of various environments such as classrooms and special rooms), economic support and various support programs (expanding the opportunities to participate in training and society and establishment of a database for relevant materials, etc.) to facilitate self supervision. As such, the middle school HE teachers' overall recognition on HE-related self supervision became significantly higher. To enhance the HE-related expertise, however, it would be necessary to conduct concrete and active support for HE education, philosophical area and the studies on textbook contents as well as the teaching-learning methods for HE in which teachers' demand was high. In addition, the HE teachers wanted to have an easy and quick access to various HE-related data; therefore, it would be urgent to summarize scattered relevant data and support the HE teachers more systematically.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.1-25
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• 2016

This study investigated the variability of WTP estimates(i.e. mean or median) with ad hoc assumptions of specific parametric probability distributions(i.e. normal, logistic, lognormal, and exponential distribution) to estimate WTP function using dichotomous choice CV data on mortality risk reduction. From the perspective of policy decision, the variability of these WTP estimates are intolerable in comparison with those of Turnbull nonparametric estimation method which is free from ad hoc distribution assumptions. The Turnbull nonparametric estimation can avoid a kind of misspecification bias due to ad hoc assumption of specific parametric distributions. Furthermore, the WTP estimates by Turnbull nonparametric estimation are robust because the similar estimates are elicited from a dichotomous choice or double dichotomous choice CV data, and the statistically significant WTP estimates can be obtained even though it is not possible by parametric estimation methods. If there are considerable variability among those WTP estimates by parametric estimation methods in condition with no criteria of model adequacy, the mean WTPs from Turnbull nonparametric estimation can be the robust estimates without ad hoc assumptions, which can avoid controversial issues in the perspective of policy decisions.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.131-147
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• 1998

본 논문은 시차종속변수를 이용한 우리 나라 원목수요분석을 통해 장기원목수요의 변화를 예측하는 데 그 목적이 있다. 원목수요는 재화의 특성상 파생수요를 전제하여 분석하였다. 분석에서는 1970년부터 1996년까지 27년간의 원목수요 자료를 이용하였다. 원목수요는 1980년대 들어서면서 1970년대와 같은 빠른 증가는 아니지만 지속적으로 완만히 증가하다가 1991년을 정점으로 하향 안정세를 보이고 있다. 분석에서는 적응적 기대모형과 부분적 조정모형을 사용하였다. 1977년에서 1979년까지 원목수요량의 급격한 증가를 설명하기 위하여 모형내에 더미변수를 사용하였다. 설명변수는 원목가격, 더미변수, 파생재화(목재 및 나무제품)의 가격과 시차종속변수를 이용하였다. 분석 결과, 적응적 기대모형은 시차종속변수를 사용해야 할 만큼 유의한 결과를 얻을 수 없었다. 하지만 부분적 조정모형에서는 각 변수의 추정치가 전반적으로 유의하게 나타났다. 특히, 시차종속변수 추정치에 대한 t값이 2.07로 유의하게 나옴으로써 모형의 설명력을 높여 주었다. 부분적 조정모형의 수정계수는 0.74 정도로 나타났다. 부분적 조정모형의 가정하에 2010년까지 매년 원목가격지수 6.7%와 국내 목제품가격지수 5.8% 상승률에 근거한 방법과 원목가격지수 6.8%와 목제품가격지수 5.6%로 전제하여 원목수요를 전망하였다. 그 결과, 원목수요는 지속적으로 상승하는 것으로 나타났다. 일정한 가격상승률을 전제한 예측수요량이 일정한 가격지수의 상승을 전제한 경우보다 높게 나타났다.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.183-201
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• 2022

Estimating the implicit value of housing assets is a very important task for participants in the housing market. Until now, such estimations were usually carried out using multiple regression analysis based on the inherent characteristics of the estate. However, in this paper, we examine the estimation capabilities of the Artificial Neural Network(ANN) and its 'Deep Learning' faculty. To make use of the strength of the neural network model, which allows the recognition of patterns in data by modeling non-linear and complex relationships between variables, this study utilizes geographic coordinates (i.e. longitudinal/latitudinal points) as the locational factor of housing prices. Specifically, we built a dataset including structural and spatiotemporal factors based on the hedonic price model and compared the estimation performance of the models with and without geographic coordinate variables. The results show that high estimation performance can be achieved in ANN by explaining the spatial effect on housing prices through the geographic location.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.46 no.10
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• pp.958-965
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• 2003

Purpose : Recently the number of juvenile delinquents have been increasing in Korea and their misdeeds were getting worse. This study was conducted to find out the basic cause of juvenile delinquency and a counterplan of overcoming this distress. Methods : The authors reviewed the statistics of the Supreme Public Prosecutors Office to know the juvenile delinquents and Korean national statistics to know the changes of family environments. The author conducted a study on the family environments between student group and juvenile delinquent group in jail, and also investigated the value judgement of middle and high school students to know the difference between the recent adolescents and the youth before 1945. Results : Nuclear families, dual-income families and divorce rates have remarkably been increased recently. All of which are considered to be the basic cause of getting worse in home teaching. It was found that the delinquent group have more defective families, poorer economic status, poorer parent's educational level than the student group, and also found that the value judgement of recent youth were quite different from that of youth before 1945. Conclusion : Industrialization have changed our home-environment rapidly which made home-teaching poorer, and the children were being insecure and melancholy, which consequently made them more abnormal youth and juvenile delinquents in Korea.

• The Southeast Asian review
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.217-248
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• 2011

이 글은 싱가포르에 거주하는 한국인 기혼 여성을 대상으로 영구 이민이 아닌 체류이주 맥락에서 일과 가족 양립 문제의 어려움과 그 대응전략을 살펴보는 탐색적 질적 연구이다. 지난 십여 년간 꾸준히 증가한 해외 거주 한국인 중장기 체류자(sojourner)의 수는 2007년 기준으로 1백5십만 명을 넘어섰다. 그 중 상당수는 한국계 기업 파견 직원('주재원')이나 비한국계 다국적기업 혹은 현지기업 종사 이주자로 파악된다. 고학력 전문 기술직 이주자(highly educated professional/high skilled migrant)에 대한 연구가 매우 드문 한국의 맥락에서, 전문 기술직 체류자 중심으로 이주 한국인 사회가 구성된 싱가포르는 전문 기술직 이주자의 일과 가족 양립 문제뿐만 아니라, 체류자 사회(expatriate community) 전반적인 연구의 중요한 대상지로서의 장점이 크다. 연구 질문은 다음과 같다. 체류자로서 외국에서 일하며 살아가는 어려움은 무엇인가? 특히, 이러한 맥락에서 기혼 여성의 일은 어떠한 의미를 지니며 어떠한 대응전략을 마련하는가? 이 연구는 2006년부터 2007년 사이 수행한 전일제 전문직종 종사자, 파트타임 종사자, 전업주부 등 자녀를 둔 26명의 기혼 여성에 대한 심층면접 자료에 근거하여, 아내이자 어머니로서의 일과 가족 양립에 관한 체험적 경험(lived experience)을 탐색적으로 파악하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 전일제 전문직 종사자의 경우 가정친화적 근무 환경을 갖춘 직장으로의 이직, 남편과의 야간근무 조정 등을 포함한 다양한 전략들을 채택하였다. 파트타임 종사자의 경우 과거 한국에서 전일제 근무를 경험하고 현재 상대적으로 경제적 여유가 있는 경우는 전일제 근무로부터 벗어나는 '일시적 행복감'을 느끼는 경우가 많았다. 비교적 경제적 여유가 없는 경우, 어머니 역할 부족을 발견하는 계기가 되기도 했다. 이러한 어머니로서의 역할은 친지를 비롯한 한국어 구사를 할 수 있는 가사 보조 네트워크가 결핍된 체류이주 맥락에서 일하며 살아가는 것에서 있어, 비교적 쉽고 저렴하게 가사노동자를 고용하더라도, 어머니로서의 역할을 보조하는 데 큰 도움이 되지 않는다는 생각을 확인시켜준다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.264-276
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• 2023

Purpose: Food environmental factors related to food insecurity affect household food intake in several socio-ecological aspects. This study explores the relationship between food environment factors and food insecurity in households with married immigrant women. Methods: From November 2018 to February 2020, a survey was conducted enrolling 249 married immigrant women residing in the metropolitan areas of South Korea. In the final analysis, 229 subjects were divided into 2 groups classified as food security (n = 154) and food insecurity (n = 75), as assessed by the score of food security. Three aspects of food environments were measured: built·natural, political·economic, and socio-cultural Results: Food environments were significantly different between food security and food insecurity groups, as follows: the number of foods market and their distance from the home and food status for the last week at home in the built·natural domain; monthly cost of food purchase and experience for food assistance in the political·economic domain; total score of social support, parenting, and cooking skills in the socio-cultural domain. A stepwise multivariate linear regression model showed a negative association between the food insecurity score with social support from family and food inventory status in the last week. After adjusting for confounders, a positive association was obtained between the experience of a food support program. The final regression model explains about 30% of the relationship obtained in the three food environment domains and food insecurity (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Not only economic factors, which are common determinants of household food insecurity, but socio-cultural factors such as social support also affect household food insecurity. Therefore, plans for implementing a food assistance program to improve food insecurity for households with immigrant women should consider financial support as well as other comprehensive aspects, including socio-cultural domain such as social support from family and community.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.199-228
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• 2016

This study investigates the effects of economic factors and forest environments on rural residential area development in seven north central states of the U.S. by focusing on the relative importance of not only economic factors but also forest environments by forest type as core drivers of residential development. An empirical model of locations and magnitudes of population changes since 1950 in the north central region is first constructed, and then a panel model with fixed effects for counties is used to explain population growth by age group over time at the county level. Then a set of three equations is estimated for three major age groups, and a cross-sectional model is estimated for the last time period that regresses county-level environmental amenity variables on fixed effects coefficients for counties. Finally, an equation explaining changes in rural housing density is estimated. The results imply that immigrant age is a key factor influencing the choice of the place of residence and that the effects of environmental amenity factors on population growth and subsequent housing development in a county vary according to the age group.