• Journal of Life Science
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.473-480
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• 2003

We analyzed the patterns of mineral ions and growth responses among symbiotic nitrogen fixing legumes by external nitrogen applications under salt gradients. Glycine max, Phaseolus angularis and Albizzia julibrissin showed remarkable growth inhibition above 40 mM NaCl treatments, but Cassia tora did not exhibit any visible injury symptom up to 100 mM NaCl treatments. As to ionic pattern, the $Na^+$ and $Cl^-$contents in leaves of G. max, P. angularis and A. julibrissin progressively increased with higher contents of external salinity. Compared to other plants, C. tora excluded $Na^+$more efficiently and maintained rather constant ionic contents in spite of high salt levels. With a few exception, these 4 legume plants exhibited better growth by the external nitrogen supply rather than the contribution of symbiotic nitrogen fixation only under saline condition.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.323-328
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• 2006

A bacterium producing the extracellular protease was isolated from insect-eating plant and has been identified as a member of the genus Bacillus based on partial 165 rRNA sequences. In order to develop the medium composition, effects of ingredients including nitrogen sources, carbon source, metal ions and phosphate were examined for protease production of the isolate, SH-8. Soluble starch increased the protease productivity, while glucose repressed it. Yeast extract was effective nitrogen source for enzyme production, but the pretense production of Bacillus sp. SH-8 was reduced by large amount of yeast extract. The calcium was found to induce pretense activity as well as protease productivity. However, cell growth and enzyme production was completely inhibited by divalent ions such as $Zn^{2+}$, $Cu^{2+}$, $Co^{2+}$ and $Mn^{2+}$. The maximum protease productivity was reached 435 unit/ml in the optimized medium consisting of soluble starch (2%), yeast extract (0.3%), $CaCl_2$ (0.3%), $K_2HPO_4$ (0.01%) and $KH_2PO_4$ (0.01%). The pretense activity of culture filtrate was dramatically decreased after incubation for 26 h.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.36-41
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• 2007

Phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms were isolated from soil around Kyungnam and Kyungbook regions using potato dextrose agar-calcium phosphate medium. A fungus with the greatest phosphate-solubilizing activity was selected and identified to Aspergillus sp. PS-104, based on the morphological characteristics of conidiophore and conidia; unbranching type of conidiophore, terminally swelling of conidiophore and septate of mycelium, in malt extract agar and potato dextrose agar media. The optimum temperature and initial pH to solubilize rock phosphate in potato dextrose broth-rock phosphate medium were $30^{\circ}C$ and pH 7.0, respectively. In these optimum conditions, phosphate-solubilizing activities of Aspergillus sp. PS-104 against four twos of insoluble phosphate, tricalcium phosphate, aluminium phosphate, hydroxyapatite and rock phosphate, were quantitatively determined. As result, the maximum phosphate-solubilizing activity was obtained with tricalcium-phosphate (1,900 ppm) while minimum activity was obtained with hydroxyapatite (320 ppm). Futhermore, phosphate-solubilizing activity of Aspergillus sp. PS-104 was found higher when treated with nitrates as compared to the ammonium salts as a nitrogen sources.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.549-556
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• 2016

In this study, we analyzed and compared the constituents of Southern ecotype garlic cultivars, Namdo and Daeseo garlic, cultivated in volcanic and non-volcanic ash soil in Jeju Island and compared the soil properties in these regions. The volcanic ash soil in which Namdo garlic grew had higher electrical conductivity and more available sulfur, whereas the volcanic ash soil in which Daeseo garlic was cultivated had a higher amount of organic matter and total nitrogen. Also, non-volcanic ash soil in which Namdo garlic was cultivated had higher levels of available phosphorous. Namdo garlic cultivated in volcanic ash soil had high levels of total soluble solids and a high allicin content and Daeseo garlic exhibited a higher reducing sugar content. Furthermore, amongst the macroelements found in garlic grown on Jeju Island, potassium was highest, followed by sulfur, magnesium, calcium, and sodium. Iron was the most abundant micronutrient, followed by zinc, manganese, and copper. These results will be of interest to farmers aiming to cultivate high-quality garlic.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.266-273
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• 1983

In a series of studies on the chemical compositions and properties of organic matter from peats, volcanic ash soils and paddy rice soils, a comparative study on the composition and the fractional distribution of nitrogenous organic matters were undertaken for the elucidation on their characteristics. The results obtained are summerized as follows. 1. Gimpo and Peongtaeg peats showed higher content of organic matter, more than 60%, than Gimje and Yeongdong peats, and there is a great difference between the two groups in total-N, CEC and ash content. 2. The content of Lignin, Hollocellulose and Hemicellulose in organic matter was 12-25%, 15-31% and 7-14% respectively, and Gimpo peats were lots of Lignin content compared to others. 3. Sixty seven to eighty eight percent of the total-N in the soil was hydrolysable by 6 N-HCl and they were decreased in the order of volcanic ash soils (86.4%), mineral paddy soils (77.2%) and peats (72.3%). 4. The fractionations of acid hydrolysable organic-N were ${\alpha}$-amino acid-N(25-45%), unidentified-N (12-50%), amino sugar-N (1-7%) and ammonium-N (12-25%). 5. Almost same pattern in the amino acid composition of the acid hydrolysates of peat and soil organic matter was showed in the thin-layer chromatogram.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Organic Agriculture Conference
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• 2009.12a
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• pp.310-311
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• 2009

농업현장에서 활용되는 농업용미생물의 효능을 평가하고 현장실용화를 제고할 목적으로 본 시험을 수행하였다. 8개 지자체를 대상으로 친환경농업 특성화 지원사업 현황을 조사하고, 지자체별 미생물 활용수준을 평가하였으며, 각 지자체별로 활용되는 미생물을 수집하여 항균활성, siderophore 생성, IAA 생성, 질소고정, 인산가용화 능력 및 작물생육에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 지자체에서 활용하는 미생물은 주로 유산균, 고초균, Bacillus속 세균, 광합성균, 효모 및 EM 등으로 몇가지 종류의 미생물을 활요하는 것으로 조사되었고, 배양을 위한 배지는 대부분 균주를 개발한 대학 또는 산업체에서 공급받는 것으로 나타났으며, 배양기술 측면에서 볼 때 단순 배양 보급하는 지자체가 2개소, 산-학-연간 공급네트워크 및 대량배양체계를 구축하여 미생물을 활용하는 지자체가 7개소, 미생물 대량배양체계를 구축하고 병해충 관리연구를 수행하는 지자체가 1개소 그리고 미생물 선발, 특성검정 및 효과 평가 등 개발 및 응용을 추진하는 지자체가 1개소인 것으로 나타나 지자체에 따라 활용기술 수준은 큰 차이를 보였다. 지자체 공급 농업미생물의 항균활성을 조사한 결과, 고초균, 효모, 유산균, 광합성균, Bacillus속 세균 모두에서 균주에 따라 항균활성을 보였는데, 특히 Bacillus 속 세균이 높은 빈도로 황균활성을 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 철 킬레이트 능력 (Siderophore 형성능)에 있어서는 5개 광합성 균주 중 1균주가, 5종의 효모 중 1균주만이 활성을 보인 반면, Bacillus속 세균(고초균 포함)의 경우에는 11개 균주 모두 활성을 보였다. 작물 생육과 밀접한 관계가 있는 IAA(Indole acetic acid)의 생성능에 있어서는 광합성균이 5균주 중 4균주가 활성을 보여 비교적 생성능이 높은 것으로 나타났으며, Bacillus 속 세균의 경우에는 11균주 중 8개 균주가 활성을 보여 광합성균 다음으로 높은 반도를 나타냈다. 효모의 경우에는 5균주 중 1개 균주가 IAA를 생성하는 것으로 나타났다. 질소고정능에 있어서는 광합성균은 5균주 중 3균주, Bacillus 속세균 11균주 중 6균주가, 효모는 5균중 1균주가 활성을 보인 반면, 유산균 중에는 단 한 균주도 질소 고정능을 보이지 않았다. 연작재배에 따라 토양 내에 축적되는 인산의 가용화능을 분석한 결과, 수집한 대부분의 유산균은 높은 활성을 보인 반면 기타 미생물은 인산가용화능이 거의 없는 것으로 나타났다. 결론적으로 Bacillus 속 세균은 항균활성이 높고, 작물생육과 밀접한 IAA 생성 및 질소고정능력을 보유 하고 있는 것으로 나타나 친환경 작물재배시 병 발생을 줄이고 작물생장을 촉진할 수 있는 미생물로 평가되었다. 농업현장에서 기능성 및 효능을 고려하여 미생물을 잘 활용하면 병 발생 관리 및 생산성 향상에 도움이 되리라 판단된다.

• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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• 2010.11a
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• pp.115-116
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• 2010

광역상수도의 경우 수자원공사 및 지방상수도 사업자들에 의해 전문적으로 수질을 관리하고 음용수를 보급하고 있으나 소규모 수도시설의 경우 전문능력을 갖춘 관리자가 아닌 마을의 대표자가 맡아 관리함에 따라 안정성 및 유지관리의 어려움이 자주 제기되고 있다.[1] 또한 소규모 수도시설의 경우 취수원으로 지하수나 계곡수를 이용하여 여과나 염소소독을 거쳐 음용수로 이용함에 따라 중금속 및 무기이온 등 각종 오염물질이 효과적으로 제거되지 않아 이를 사용하는 주민들이 불편함을 겪고 있는 실정이다. 환경부의 법정 수질 검사에 따르면 부적합 판정을 받은 곳의 대부분은 마을상수도와 소규모 급수시설인 것으로 나타났으며 초과 항목으로는 무기이온 중 특히 불소와 질산성질소 인 것으로 나타났다.[2] 이러한 문제점을 해결하고자 기존의 고도 정수처리 시설인 막여과, 오존처리, 활성탄 흡착 공정 등을[3-5] 적용하고 있으나 소규모 수도시설에 적용하기에는 유지관리, 규모, 경제적 측면 등 여러 한계점을 지니고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위한 방안으로 전기응집기술을 이용하여 음용수 수질기준을 초과하는 무기이온 중 불소와 질산성 질소를 제거하고자 하였다. 전기응집기술은 제거효율이 높고, 운전이 용이하며 부가적인 화학약품의 첨가가 불필요하다.[6,7] 또한 기존의 고도정수처리 기술에 비해 전기응집 공정은 처리효율과 경제적인 측면 모두를 만족시키고 있어 소규모 수도시설의 불소와 질산성질소를 효과적으로 제거할 수 있는 방안으로 판단된다. 본 연구에 사용된 실험장치는 직류전원공급장치 (DC power supply), 반응조, 전극으로 구성되어 있다. 직류전원공급장치는 최대전압 30 Volt, 최대 전류 30 Amper 까지 조절 가능하였으며 반응조의 크기는 14.5cm(w) ${\times}$ 9cm(L) ${\times}$ 22cm(H) 이고 실용적 1.5L이다. 반응조의 상부에는 전극이 고정될 수 있도록 0.5cm 간격의 홈을 만들어 제작 하였다. 전극은 가용성 전극인 알루미늄 (Al), 스테인레스스틸(SUS304)를 이용하였다. 이를 통해 전류밀도, 전극간격 등의 변수를 두어 최적의 전기응집 운전 조건을 파악하였으며 이는 소규모 수도시설의 수질개선 향상에 도움이 될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.28-37
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• 1980

New malting barley variety "Sacheon #6" is an early maturing, medium height, lodging resistance, high tillering, good quality and high yielding. This variety was developed from the cross Harupin-Nizo x Hokudai #2 made in 1970 at Sacheon Malting Barley Experiment Station, Doo San Farms Co., This variety was determined to recommend to the all malting barley production areas in southern part of Korea from 1979.from 1979.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.129-136
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• 1991

Dry matter productivity at silage stage of two corn hybrids varying resistance to rice blackstreaked dwarf virus(RBSDV) and two sorghum hybrids varying growth duration was evaluated at six planting dates (Apr. 1, Apr. 15, Apr. 29, May 13, May 27, and June 10) in Kyongsan where RBSDV is prevalent.Corn was harvested 38-40 days after silking. For sorghum 1st-cut was made 19-22 days after heading and some regrowth (2nd-cut) on October 13. 1. Percent stand of both corn hybrids was over 91% at all planting dates, but that of sorghum ranged 37.2-80.3% depending on hybrids and planting dates. 2. The number of days from planting to emergence decreased as planting date delayed in both crops. The number of days from emergence to silking of both corn hybrids and a sorghum hybrid(P 956) decreased as planting date delayed, but that of the other sorghum hybrid(P 931) increased significantly after May 13 planting. 3. RBSDV infection rate of corn hybrids was highest at April 1 planting (Kwanganok 24.896, Jinjuok 63.0%) and decreased up to April 29 planting and then increased as planting date delayed. Sorghum was not infected by RBSDV at all. 4. EarfTotal dry matter ratio of corn ranged 30.6-47.9% and that of sorghum 3.1-30.7% depending on hybrids and planting dates. All the hybrids developed grain normally at all planting dates except a sorghum hybrid (P 931) which developed few grains after May 13 planting. 5. Crude (C) protein and C. fat contents were similar among all treatments. C. fiber content of P 931 was higher than that of both corn hybrids and P 956, but nitrogen free extract (NFE) was lower. C. fiber and NFE of both corn hybrids and 1st-cut sorghum were similar among the planting dates, but C. fiber and NFE of 2nd-cut of sorghum decreased and C. protein increased as planting date delayed due to plants were younger. 6. Dry matter (DM) yield of all hybrids decreased as planting date delayed except Jinjuok of which yield was highest at April 29 planting. DM yield of corn was similar to 1st-cut sorghum, but lower than total DM yield of sorghum at April 1 and 15 plantings where regrowth yield was high.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.73-84
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• 1975

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of oil spill from the wastewater of Yeosu Refinery on water quality of hard clam culture beds in Taein-Ri, Kwang Yang Bay. Wastewater and oil spill may reach to the culture beds in 6-8 hours by tidal current movement. Water quality is nearly normal as unpolluted sea water except the concentration of n-hexane extractive chemicals which shows higher than unpolluted sea water in period of September to October in 1973. It may be caused by wastewater of Yeosu Refinery.