• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Postharvest Science and Technology of Agricultural Products Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.140.2-140
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• 2003

국산(2, 3년생) 및 중국산 음나무의 껍질을 이용해 음나무 껍질의 추출물에 대해 용매는 열수, 추출시간 및 추출온도는 각각 7시간, 9$0^{\circ}C$의 조건으로 추출하여 색도, 갈색도, 가용성고형분, 총페놀성화합물, 전자공여능, 조사포닌 및 환원당을 분석하였다. 원산지별 음나무 껍질 추출물의 색도에서는 명도(L)는 국산이 중국산 보다 조금 높게 나타났다. 그러나 적색도(a)는 중국산 음나무 수피의 추출물이 적색도가 높았으며 황색도(b) 역시 중국산 추출물이 가장 높은 것으로 나타났다. 갈색도 역시 국내산에 비해 중국산이 높은 수치를 나타내는 경향을 보였다. 가용성고형분의 경우 국산이 중국산 음나무 껍질 추출물에 비해 가용성고형분의 함량이 높게 나타났으며 국산에서는2, 3년생에서 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. 총페놀성화합물의 경우에서도 중국산 보다 국산 음나무 껍질 추출물의 함량이 더 높게 나타났으며 그 중에서도 특히 국산 2년생이 가장 높은 값을 나타내었다. 전자공여능은 국산 및 중국산 음나무에서 그다지 큰 차이를 보이지 않았으나 국산이 약간 더 높은 경향을 보였다. 환원당의 경우 중국산에 비해 국산이 높은 함량을 보였으며 국산에서는 그다지 큰 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 조사포닌의 경우 다른 추출물에 비해 국산 2년생 추출물이 가장 높은 함량을 나타내었으며 특히 조사포닌의 경우 그 함량이 일반 인삼의 1/3 정도의 함량을 나타내고 있어 기능성을 기대해 볼 수 있을 것이다.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.204-210
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• 2011

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of water states (water, osmotic potential and turgor pressure) of fruit vesicle and leaf on soluble solids and organic acid contents of fruits of 'Shiranuhi' mandarin hybrid, M16 A line during the fruit maturing season in plastic house cultivation. The 'Shirauhi' grafted on 'Swingle citrumelo', strong strength of rootstock, produced fruit with lower soluble solids and organic acid content than 'Trifoliate' orange rootstock. The fruits vesicle water potential and turgor pressure measured before dawn in 'Swingle citrumelo' were higher tendency than the 'Trifoliate' orange, but osmotic potential values were lower than the 'Trifoliate' orange. The changes of leaf water potential were very similar to the fruit. The results suggest that in the 'Shirauhi' fruits grafted on two rootstocks changes of soluble solids and organic acid content of the fruit were influenced by the leaf water potential and the osmotic potential of the fruit vesicles, which might be caused by the difference of root distribution between two rootstocks.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.51-58
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• 1999

Korean native plants and naturalized plants were analyzed for allelochemicals, and their antimicrobial effects were studied. The difference in soluble solid contents between Korean native plants and naturalized species was not significant, and the Korean native plant, Solanum nigrum showed the highest soluble solid content of 90 mg/ml. The ethanol extract of the Korean native plant, Solanum nigrum showed antifungal activity to Aspergillus phoenicis KCTC 1228, with a clear zone of 18 mm, and spore formation was not observed from the treatment. The naturalized plants Ambrosia artemisiifolia var. elatior and Erigeron canadensis showed inhibition of spore formation and the clear zones were at 24 mm and 22 mm, respectively. The clear zones of Aspergillus phoenicis KCTC 1228 treated with ethanol extrats of Phytolacca americana and Rudbeckia bicolor were 22 mm and 19 mm, respectively, and spore formation was observed from the treatment. The Korean native plant, Solanum nigrum and naturalized plants, Phytolacca americana and Ambrosia artemisiifolia var. elatior showed antimicrobial activity against Bacillus sphiaericus 2362, and Bacillus sphiaericus 2297, Bacillus thuringiensis var. subtilis and Baicillus thuringiensis var. cereus. The antimicrobial activity of Ambrosia artemisiifolia var. elatior showed the largest clear zone of 32 mm against Bacillus thuringiensis var. subtilis. In general, the more soluble the solid contents of the extracts, the greater were the antifungal and antimicrobial activities. The phenolic compounds from the Korean native plant, Solanum nigrum and the naturalized species, Phytolacca americana and Ambrosia artemisiifolia var. elatior were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography. Three phenolic compounds including hydroquinone were identified in Solanum nigrum. In contrast, five and seven phenolic compounds were identified in Phytolacca americana and Ambrosia artemisiifolia var. elatior, respectively. The antifungal activity against Aspergillus phoenicis KCTC 1228 was found to be due to the coumaric and benzoic compounds.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Postharvest Science and Technology of Agricultural Products Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.109.1-109
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• 2003

중국, 유럽, 한국산 순무를 국내에서 파종.수확한 후 동치미를 담그어 발효 특성을 비교해 보고 김치 제조에 알맞은 품종을 알아보고자 하였다. 신선한 순무의 특성으로 중국산 순무는 가용성 고형물 함량, 경도 및 파쇄성이 가장 높았다. 한국산 순무는 안토시아닌 함량이가장 많았다. 원산지별 순무로 담근 동치미를 $0^{\circ}C$에서 70일까지 경시적으로 이화학적, 관능적 특성을 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 중국산 순무 동치미는 숙성 전 기간동안 산도, 가용성 고형물 함량, 탁도, 유산균수가 유럽산에 비하여 높아 발효속도가 가장 컸으며, 한국산 순무 동치미는 중간의 발효 속도를 나타내었다. 이같은 특성은 관능 검사 결과에서도 유사한 경향을 보여주었다. 안토시아닌 함량 및 적색도 a값은 한국산 순무 동치미가 가장 높았고 중국산 순무 동치미가 가장 낮았다. 조직감중 경도는 기계적 분석 결과와 관능 검사 결과 모두에서 한국산 순무 동치미와 중국산 순무 동치미가 숙성전 기간동안 높게 유지되었고 유럽산 순무 동치미는 낮았다. 그러나 전반적인 기호도는 숙성적기인 숙성 40 일에 한국산 순무 동치미가 6.7 점으로 가장 높았고, 그 다음이 중국산 동치미로 5.9 점이었고, 유럽산 동치미는 3.5 점으로 가장 낮았는데, 이 같은 경향은 숙성 전 기간 동안 유사한 경향을 나타내었다(p<0.05). 이상의 결과로부터 맛있는 동치미 제조를 위한 순무는 강화도 고유의 자색순무에 중국산 청색 순무가 지닌 높은 당도와 단단한 조직감을 나타내는 특성을 지닌 품종이 적합하다고 생각된다.

• Proceedings of the EASDL Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.84-84
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• 2003

한국, 중국, 유럽산 순무를 국내에서 파종ㆍ수확한 후 동치미를 담그어 발효 특성을 비교해 보고 동치미 담금에 적당한 품종을 알아보고자 하였다. 신선한 순무의 특성으로 가용성 고형물 함량은 중국산이 7.8$^{\circ}$ Brix로 가장 높았고 유럽산은 6.8$^{\circ}$ Brix로 낮았다. 안토시아닌 함량은 한국산이 가장 많았고 중국산은 가장 낮았다.(중략)

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.43-47
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• 1997

The weight ratio of the seed in jujube averaged to 19.1%. The chemical components of dried pitted-jujube were moisture 20.4%, protein 5.3%, fat 1.3%, ash 2.7%, fiber 4.4% and nitrogen-free extract 65.9%. Alcohol insoluble solid content of dried pitted-jujube was 17.4%, in which ammonium oxalate-soluble pectin was 3.7%, water-soluble pectin 3.0%, hydrochloric acid-soluble pectin 1.0%, and sodium hydroxide-soluble pectin 1.0%. Jujube contained sucrose, glucose and fructose as free sugar. The sugars of dried pitted-jujube was composed of sucrose 48.1%, fructose 18.7%, and glucose 11.3%. Drying experiments of pitted-jujube and unpitted-jujube were carried out. Moisture content and brix of dried pitted-jujube were reached at that of dried unpitted-jujube(11%, 78 brix in 48 hours of dry) in 11 hours of drying. And this means that dried pitted-jujube dried 4 times faster than dried unpitted-jujube. The extracts of dried pitted-jujube and dried unpitted-jujube were examinet according to the amount of water added and the extraction time. The brix of dried pitted-jujube extract for 30 min is similar to that of dried unpitted-jujube extract for 150 min. The brix of the extracts did not increase after 150 min extraction. As to the color of extract, 'L' value was higher in dried unpitted-be, while 'a' and 'b' values were higher in dried pitted-jujube.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.275-280
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• 2010

By-products from grapes obtained during processing have been considered to be promising materialsfor various functional applications, and to have pharmaceutical properties. A grape powder was developed from a concentrate of by-products obtained during grape processing. As dextrin levels increased, the moisture content, L-, a-, and b- values all decreased, whereas sugar content generally increased. Catechin and resveratrol were detected in most samples, but quercetin was absent. Epicatechin and resveratrol levels either decreased or were not detected as dextrin concentration increased. These physiochemical properties indicate that a concentrate extracted using undiluted ethanol as solvent is optimal for industrial use.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.146-150
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• 2005

A comparative study of pretreatment and extraction methods was conducted to investigate their effects on nutritional and bioactive components during hot-water extraction of Acanthopanax senticosus. The herb samples, ground and sifted $(8\~20\;mesh)$ were pretreated with ultrasound (20 kHz), microwave (2,450 MHz) or roasting $(180^{\circ}C)$ for 10 min, and then extracted by a boiling $(180^{\circ}C)$ under atmospheric pressure or a pressured boiling $(121^{\circ}C)$ for 2 hr. In general, the pretreatments improved the extraction efficiency and the DPPH radical scavenging activity of extract. Particularly, the extraction yields of soluble solids, total sugar and phenolic compounds were increased in microwaving methods, and the protein yield and the radical scavenging activity were higher in roosting pretreatment. Yields of soluble solids, total sugar, protein and phenolic compouds in pressured extraction were higher than those in nonpressured extraction. These results suggested that pretreatment including microwave radiation, sonication and roasting and pressured extraction can be utilized for improving the extraction efficiency of A. senticosus.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.332-337
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• 2002

This study was undertaken in order to compare reflux extraction(RE) and microwave-assisted extraction(MAE) in extraction efficiency and establish optimum microwave extraction conditions in obtaining Ligularia fischeri extracts. A considerable reduction in extraction time was accomplished by MAE. When 70% methanol 50% methanol 70% ethanol, or 50% ethanol was used, MAE extract contained equal levels of soluble solid and total polyphenol as obtained by RE. The optimum microwave-assisted extraction conditions for Ligularia fischeri were achieved by 120∼150 watts of microwave energy and 4∼8 minutes of extraction time. No significant changes were found in antioxidant activity with DPPH scavenging method over the variation of microwave energy or extraction time. The use of diluted methanol or ethanol improved soluble solid content(30%), total polyphenol content(2.7%) and antioxidant activity(68%).

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.88-93
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• 2004

This study was conducted in order to compare reflux extraction(RE) and microwave-assisted extraction(MAE) in extraction efficiency and establish optimum microwave extraction conditions in obtaining Aster scaber Thunb extracts. Extraction time was reduced considerably in MAE. When 70％ methanol, 50％ methanol, 70％ ethanol, or 50％ ethanol was used, no difference was found in the amount of soluble solid and total phenol between MAE and RE. The optimum microwave-assisted extraction conditions for Aster scaber Thunb were achieved by 120-150 watts of microwave energy and 4∼8 minutes of extraction time. No significant changes were found in antioxidant activity using DPPH scavenging method over the variation of microwave power or extraction time. The use of diluted methanol or ethanol improved soluble solid content(30.8％), total polyphenol content(2.9％) and antioxidant activity(69％ ).