• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.15-18
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• 2000

Transparent conducting tin (IV) oxide thin films have been studied and developed for the electrode materials of solar cell substrate. Fabrication of tin oxide thin films by sol-gel method is process development of lower cost photovoltaic solar cell system. The research is focused on the establishment of process conditions and development of precursor. The precursor solution was made of tin isopropoxide dissolved in isopropyl alcohol. The hydrolysis rate was controlled by addition of triethanolamine. Dip and spin coating technique were applied to coat tin oxide on borosilicate glass. The resistivity of the thin film was lower than 0.01-cm and the transmittance is higher than $90\%$ in a visible range.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.257-261
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• 2013

We have studied structural, optical, and electrical properties of the Al-doped ZnO (AZO) thin films using RF magnetron sputtering with various working pressure. To find optimal properties of AZO for transparent conducting oxides, the working pressure in sputtering process was varied as 0.07 Torr, 0.02 Torr, and 0.007 Torr, respectively. As working pressure increased, the crystallinity of AZO thin film was improved, the surface roughness of AZO thin film decreased. The transmittance of the film was over 80% in the visible light range regardless of the changes in working pressure. In case of 0.007 Torr, best electrical properties was shown due to the reduction of oxygen absorption by decreasing surface roughness.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.80-88
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• 2018

In this study, we prepared hybrid composites by using low temperature sol-gel process for transparent and hard coating film. The hybrid composites consist of $ZrO_2/TiO_2/organosilane$, of which organosilane was introduced 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate due to the role of a photocurable ceramic material for low temperature process. The ceramic composites with various composition ratios were coated on a polycarbonate substrate using a sol-gel process of low temperature process, and characterized optical and mechanical properties of coated thin film. The transparencies of coated thin films were 97.5 % or more, and the pencil hardness were 9H or more. In the case of the ZTS-2-1, the nano-indentation hardness was measured at the highest value of 1.14 GPa.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.392-397
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• 2016

In this paper, Characteristics of the ITO thin film deposited were analyzed using DC magnetron sputtering in order to investigate the deposition conditions of ITO thin film for transparent electrode. The experiment conditions were atmospheric pressure from 1 to 3[mTorr] with 1 [mTorr] step, bias electric voltage ranged from 260[V] to 330[V] with 10[V] step. The transmittance, refractive index and surface and cross-sectional shape of the deposited thin film were measured with an UV.-VIS. spectrophotometer, ellipsometer and SEM. Such condition as 1~2[mTorr] and near 300[V] voltage the transmittance was over 90[%] and the refractive index more than 2. Therefore, it was confirmed that the appropriate condition for making a highly transparent conductive electrode.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.65-71
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• 2020

Purpose: To know the transmittance of light when wearing shading goggles and to protect eyes from blue light emitted from dental scanner when using CAD/CAM works or inducing polymerization reactions of dental resin with curing unit and infrared light occurred when melting Dental precious metal and non-precious metal alloys. Methods: By measuring and comparing the average transmittances of blue light, visible light and infrared ight by using UV-Vis Spectrophotometer analysis measuring instrument, I compared 3 GREEN Color Goggles worn when casting Dental precious metal and non-precious metal alloys, and compared each of YELLOW, ORANGE Color Goggles worn when using Dental CAD/CAM scanners and Light Curing(LED) the Dental resin. Results: In blue light range, YELLOW Color Goggles are more effective than ORANGE Color Goggles. In infrared light range, No.12 Goggles are more effective than No.10 and No.11 Goggles. Conclusion: When wearing blue light shading goggles to avoid harmful blue light occurred in using dental scanner and curing light, and when wearing infrared light shading goggles to avoid harmful infrared light during casting, to avoid the Side Effects like transmittance rate of blue light and infrared light goggles becomes too high to block appropriate amount of harmful light or too low that causing lower image clarity.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.54 no.6
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• pp.761-765
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• 2010

Poly (N,N-dimethylacrylamide) is very useful in various fields due to its remarkable properties, such as water solubility and biocompatibility. This study used N,N-dimethylacrylamide with the cross-linker EGDMA (ethylene glycol dimethacrylate), HEMA (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate), MMA (methyl methacrylate), NVP (N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) and the initiator AIBN (azobisisobutyronitrile) for copolymerization. Measurement of the physical properties of the copolymerized polymer showed that the water content was 36 - 42%, refractive index was 1.433 - 1.426 and visible ray transmittance 90 - 91% while the oxygen permeability showed a distribution between 13.1 and $21.29{\times}10^{-11}(cm^2/sec)$ ($mlO_2/mL{\times}mmHg$). The measurement showed that the increased amount of oxygen permeability of the copolymer measured using the polarographic method range between 11.0% and 80.5%. Based on the results of this study, the produced copolymer is suitable for use as a material to high oxygen permeability hydrogel lenses.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2010.08a
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• pp.165-165
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• 2010

GaInZnO는 투명 비정질 산화물 반도체로서 태양전지, 평판 액정 디스플레이, 잡음방지 코팅, 터치 디스플레이 패널, 히터, 광학 코팅 등 여러 응용에 쓰인다. 이 논문에서는 투명전자소자로 관심을 모으고 있는 GaInZnO의 전자적 그리고 전기적 특성을 측정하였다. GaInZnO 박막은 $SiO_2$ (100)/Si 기판위에 RF 마그네트론 스퍼터링 증착법으로 $Ga_2O_3:In_2O_3:ZnO$의 조성이 2:2:1로 된 타겟을 가지고 박막을 성장시켰다. 성장한 후에 RTP를 이용하여 30분간 열처리 하였다. GaInZnO의 전자적 특성을 나타내는 띠틈 및 실리콘 기판과의 원자가 띠 오프셋 값을 측정하였으며, 이 값들을 통해 GaInZnO박막과 실리콘 기판과의 띠 정렬도 수행하였다. 띠틈은 반사 전자 에너지 손실 분광법(REELS)을 이용하여 측정하였고, 원자가 띠 오프셋은 광전자 분광법(XPS)을 이용하여 측정하였다. 열처리 온도가 $400^{\circ}C$까지는 띠틈의 변화 및 XPS 결합에너지의 변화가 없는 것으로 보아 열적안정성이 우수함을 알 수 있다. 반면 $450^{\circ}C$에서의 띠틈이 감소하는 것으로 보아 $450^{\circ}C$에서는 열적안정성이 깨지는 것을 알 수 있다. GaInZnO 박막을 채널 층으로 하고 전극은 알루미늄(Al)으로 된 TFT를 제작하여 전기적 특성을 조사하였다. TFT 특성 결과 이동도가 약, subthreshold swing(S.S)이 약 1.5 V/decade, 점멸비가 약 $10^7$으로 측정되었다. 유리 위에 증착시킨 GaInZnO 박막의 투과율을 측정해본 결과 모든 시료가 가시광선 영역에서 80%이상의 투과율을 갖는 것으로 보아 투명전극소자로 응용이 가능하다는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2012.02a
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• pp.366-366
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• 2012

현재 사용되고 있는 투명전극재료 중에 ITO(Indium Tin Oxide)가 가장 투명하면서 전기도 잘 통하고 생산성도 좋다. 투명전극은 비저항이 $1{\times}10^{-3}{\Omega}/cm$이하, 면 저항이 $10^3{\Omega}/sq$이하로 전기전도성이 우수하고 380에서 780 nm의 가시광선 영역에서의 투과율이 80%이상이라는 두 가지 성질을 만족시키는 박막이다. 본 연구에서 X-ray Film을 제작하기 위하여 상용화된 ITO Glass 전극 기판에 X-ray가 조사되면 직접 전자 전공 쌍(electron-hole pair)을 발생시켜 전기적 신호를 발생하는 광도전체 물질(Photoconductor)인 PbO, $PbI_2$, $HgI_2$를 스크린 프린팅(Screen Printing)법을 이용하여 각각 제작하였다. 상부 전극으로 마그네틱 스퍼터링(Magnetic Sputtering) 진공 증착 장치를 사용하여 전류, 전압, 아르곤 및 산소 유입량등을 조절하면서 상부 전극을 증착하였다. 이때 타켓으로 $In_2O_3;SnO_2$ (조성비:90:10wt%)를 사용 하였고, base pressure는 $9{\times}10^{-7}torr$, deposition pressure는 $3{\times}10^5torr$를 고정하였다. 또한 전류와 전압은 각각 0.4A, 800V로 유지하고, $O_2$:0.3 ppm, Ar의 경우 4.9 ppm에서 70 ppm까지 올려 플라즈마를 활성화 시킨 후 90초 동안 ITO를 증착하였다. 본 실험에 제작된 박막으로 X-ray을 조사하여 검출기로써 특성 평가를 실시하였으며, 실험결과 X-선 투과와 전도성 등 두가지 특성이 동시에 만족 될 만한 성능을 가질 수 있음을 확인 할 수 있었다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2011.08a
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• pp.231-231
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 co-sputtering 시스템을 이용하여 아나타세 TiO2의 도핑 농도 변화에 따른 다성분계 TiO2-ITO (TITO) 박막의 전기적, 광학적, 구조적 특성 변화 및 급속 열처리(RTA) 공정에 따른 전기적, 광학적 특성 변화를 분석하였다. 실험을 위해 아나타세 TiO2 타겟과 ITO 타겟(10 wt% $SnO_2$ doped $In_2O_3$)이 tilted cathode에 장착되었으며, ITO 타겟의 인가전류를 120 W로 고정한 채 아나타세 TiO2 타겟의 인가전류를 증가시킴으로써 도핑 농도를 변화하였다. 제작된 TITO 투명 전극의 전기적, 광학적, 구조적 특성 평가를 위해 four-point probe measurement, Hall effect measurement, UV/Vis. spectrometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 이용하여 각각의 특성을 분석하였다. 상온에서 제작된 TITO의 경우 최적화된 $TiO_2$ 인가전류 100W에서 460.8 ohm/sq. 의 전기적 특성과 가시광선 영역 400~550 nm에서 85% 이상의 광학적 투과율을 확보할 수 있었다. 뿐만 아니라 상온에서 최적화된 TITO 투명 전극의 급속 열처리 시 600$^{\circ}C$ 급속 열처리 조건에서 매우 낮은 25.94 ohm/sq.면저항, $5.1{\times}10^{-4}$ ohm-cm 비저항과 81% 투과율을 확보할 수 있었다. 아나타세 $TiO_2$가 도핑된 TITO 투명 전극의 급속 열처리 공정에도 불구하고 매우 평탄한 표면을 나타냄을 SEM 이미지를 통하여 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 TITO 투명 전극의 우수한 전기적, 광학적, 구조적 특성은 indium saving 투명 전극으로써 고가 ITO 박막의 대치가능성을 나타낸다.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.549-554
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• 2003

Emeraldine salt of polyaniline-dodecylbenzenesulfdnic acid (PANI-DBSA) in organic solvents such as toluene and xylene was obtained by a direct one-step emulsion polymerization technique. When the molar ratio of DBSA to aniline monomer was 1.5:1, its solubility and electric property showed a maximum value and then the solid contents of PANI-DBSA was 8 wt% in toluene. The cast film of PANI-DBSA with no binder was obtained on glass or plastic substrates under ambient conditions. PANI solution can be also easily blended with polyurethane and polystyrene polymers in toluene. Improved electrical performance up to 5 S/cm was achieved with good light-transmittance up to 70% at 500 m thickness. They also showed more homogeneous morphology than that prepared with PANI-DBSA kom aqueous dispersion polymerization. The partially dispersed PANI-DBSA showed particles sizes of 50-400 m in organic solvents and their XRD pattern were observed from the powder sample.