• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.249-280
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• 2014

IPCC requires the national uncertainties which show how credible the emission of greenhouse gases is. But the Korean government did not submit the total uncertainties, only the detailed uncertainties by items. Also it uses the default values of IPCC including some missing values. This paper tries to estimate the total uncertainties of energy by categories, which accounts for 85.3% in national emission of greenhouse gases. Concretely, it uses Tier 1 method suggested by IPCC. As a result of the analysis, the uncertainties in energy category are 3.4% similar to Finland's. But there was a big difference among greenhouse gases; carbon dioxide 2.7%, methane 116% and nitrous oxide 473%. So this paper suggests Korean government need to improve not only the activity but also the emission factor of data in order to reduce the national uncertainties in energy category.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.540-543
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• 2012

Atmospheric nitrous oxide ($N_2O$) level has been increasing at a rate of 0.2~0.3% per year. The rise in $N_2O$ concentration in atmosphere was mainly due to an increased application of nitrogen fertilizers. The objective of the study was to assess the effect of green manure crop and biochar on $N_2O$ emissions from upland crop field. The green manure crop used in the study was hairy vetch and the cultivated crop was red pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). Nitrogen was applied at a rate of $190kg\;ha^{-1}$, standard N fertilization rate for red pepper. Emissions of $N_2O$ from the field were reduced from the plots applied with hairy vetch and biochar by 46.5% and 24.6%, respectively, compared with nitrogen fertilizer treated plots with $N_2O$ emission of $1.14kg\;N_2O-N\;ha^{-1}$. The results from the study imply that green manure crop and biochar can be utilized to reduce greenhouse gas emission from the upland crop field.

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.440-441
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• 2002

지구온난화를 유발하는 온실가스의 대표적인 성분으로는 이산화탄소, 메탄, 아산화질소, CFC 등을 들 수 있으며, 주요 온실기체들에 대한 대기 중 농도가 과거보다 현저하게 증가되었음이 확인되고 있다. $N_2$O은 대기 중의 농도는 낮으나 상대적으로 지구온난화에 기여하는 정도가 $CO_2$에 비해 질량기준으로 310배가 높고, 생체 발생량이 크기 때문에 지구규모수지에 있어서 신중하게 고려되어야 한다. 온실기체의 국가배출자료는 기후변화협약과 관련된 국제협상 및 국내 저감대책 수립에 없어서는 안될 중요한 기초자료이다. (중략)

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.1185-1194
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• 2011

This study was carried out to estimate carbon emission using LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) and to establish LCI (Life Cycle inventory) DB for lettuce production system in protected cultivation. The results of data collection for establishing LCI DB showed that the amount of fertilizer input for 1 kg lettuce production was the highest. The amounts of organic and chemical fertilizer input for 1 kg lettuce production were 7.85E-01 kg and 4.42E-02 kg, respectively. Both inputs of fertilizer and energy accounted for the largest share. The amount of field emission for $CO_2$, $CH_4$ and $N_2O$ for 1 kg lettuce production was 3.23E-02 kg. The result of LCI analysis focused on GHG (Greenhouse gas) showed that the emission value to produce 1 kg of lettuce was 8.65E-01 kg $CO_2$. The emission values of $CH_4$ and $N_2O$ to produce 1 kg of lettuce were 8.59E-03 kg $CH_4$ and 2.90E-04 kg $N_2O$, respectively. Fertilizer production process contributed most to GHG emission. Whereas, the amount of emitted nitrous oxide was the most during lettuce cropping stage due to nitrogen fertilization. When GHG was calculated in $CO_2$-equivalents, the carbon footprint from GHG was 1.14E-+00 kg $CO_2$-eq. $kg^{-1}$. Here, $CO_2$ accounted for 76% of the total GHG emissions from lettuce production system. Methane and nitrous oxide held 16%, 8% of it, respectively. The results of LCIA (Life Cycle Impact assessment) showed that GWP (Global Warming Potential) and POCP (Photochemical Ozon Creation Potential) were 1.14E+00 kg $CO_2$-eq. $kg^{-1}$ and 9.45E-05 kg $C_2H_4$-eq. $kg^{-1}$, respectively. Fertilizer production is the greatest contributor to the environmental impact, followed by energy production and agricultural material production.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2015.07a
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• pp.1446-1449
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• 2015

본 논문에서는 BIM TOOL 중 하나인 AUTODESK사의 Revit Softwere를 활용하여 건축물에서 필수적으로 사용하고 있는 전기 설비 중 조명설비를 대상으로 전력소비에 따라 발생하는 온실가스인 이산화탄소($CO_2$), 메탄($CH_4$), 아산화질소($N_2O$) 배출량을 추정하여 건축물 에너지절감의 필요성을 강조하고 증명하고자 한다. BIM을 적용 할 수 있는 설계, 시공, 유지보수 외에 사용자의 전력소비에 따른 배출량을 연계한 데이터를 추출하여 온실가스 감축을 위한 전력절감의 TOOL 활용과 국가 정책, 제도 및 지침에 적극 활용되기를 기대한다.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.1232-1238
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• 2011

This experiment was conducted to measure concentration of dissolved $N_2O$ in ground-water of 59 wells and to make emission factor for assessment of indirect $N_2O$ emission at agricultural sector in agricultural areas of Gyeongnam province from 2007 to 2010. Concentrations of dissolved $N_2O$ in ground-water of 59 wells were ranged trace to $196.6{\mu}g-N\;L^{-1}$. $N_2O$ concentrations were positively related with $NO_3$-N suggesting that denitrification was the principal reason of $N_2O$ production and $NO_3$-N concentration was the best predictor of indirect $N_2O$ emission. The ratio of dissolved $N_2O$-N to $NO_3$-N in ground-water was very important to make emission factor for assessment of indirect $N_2O$ emission at agricultural sector. The mean ratio of $N_2O$-N to $NO_3$-N was 0.0035. It was greatly lower than 0.015, the default value of currently using in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) methodology for assessing indirect $N_2O$ emission in agro-ecosystems (IPCC, 1996). It means that the IPCC's present nitrogen indirect emission factor ($EF_{5-g}$, 0.015) and indirect $N_2O$ emission estimated with IPCC's emission factor are too high to use adopt in Korea. So we recommend 0.0034 as national specific emission factor ($EF_{5-g}$) for assessment of indirect $N_2O$ emission at agricultural sector. Using the estimated value of 0.0034 as the emission factor ($EF_{5-g}$) revised the indirect $N_2O$ emission from agricultural sector in Korea decreased from 1,801,576 ton ($CO_2$-eq) to 964,645 ton ($CO_2$-eq) in 2008. The results of this study suggest that the indirect Emission of nitrous oxide from upland recommend 0.0034 as national specific emission factor ($EF_{5-g}$) for assessment of indirect $N_2O$ emission at agricultural sector.

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 1999.10a
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• pp.426-427
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• 1999

최근 자료에 의하면 우리나라의 온실가tm 총 배출량은 1990년을 기준으로 이산화탄소 6,927만 8천톤, 메탄 135만 2천톤, 아산화질소 1만 2천톤으로 추정되고 있다. 최근 증가 추세가 비교적 큰 것으로 알려진 메탄의 경우, 농업 분야와 폐기물매립 분야의 배출량이 전체 배출량의 80％를 차지하고 있다. 특히, 농업 분야의 산업 활동이 감소될 것으로 전망되고 있으므로, 폐기물 매립에 의한 메탄의 배출량은 그 비중이 더 커질 것으로 전망된다.(중략)

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.38 no.9
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• pp.1051-1056
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• 2014

Nitrous oxide ($N_2O$) is naturally generated from biological activity, such as bacteria's material exchange. However, recent $N_2O$ concentration in the atmosphere has being increased by the human activities such as industrial growth. One of factors to increase $N_2O$ concentration in the atmosphere is a $N_2O$ emission caused by the combustion of marine fuel oils. The marine transportation presently handles over 99 percent of the international freight cargoes and the number of ship is continuously increasing with increment of cargoes. In this study, author conducted a series of the experimental investigations on which combustion of fuels containing different element concentrations used in a 4-stroke marine diesel engine affect $N_2O$ emissions in the exhaust gas. Moreover, it is assessed on the extent to which fuel combustion patterns in the combustion chamber affect $N_2O$ emissions.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.11-18
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• 2014

The combustion flowfield at the near-injector region of a 50 N scale $N_2O/C_2H_5OH$ thruster was visualized using shadowgraph technique. The explosive ignition was occurred at the design spray condition, and the expanding combustion gas quenched the flame immediately. Approximately after 83 ms from the initial ignition, the propellant spray was re-ignited, and the flame was stabilized after 23 ms elapsed. In the increased oxidizer flow rate condition, the transient pressure at the moment of ignition was smoother than explosive ignition, and the blow down phenomenon was not appeared in the same operating sequence. In addition, the flame was stabilized within 17 ms, and it is caused by improved propellants mixing before ignition.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.11-18
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• 2018

Biochar is a carbon-rich solid product obtained by the pyrolysis of biomass. It has been suggested to mitigate climate change through increased carbon storage and reduction of greenhouse gas emission. The objective of this study was to evaluate carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) and nitrous oxide ($N_2O$) emissions from soil after various biochars addition. The biochars were produced by pyrolysing pear branch, rice hull and bean straw at $400{\sim}500^{\circ}C$. The treatments were consisted of a control without input of biochar and three type biochars input as 5.0 Mg/ha. Emissions of $CO_2$ and $N_2O$ from upland soil were determined using closed chamber for 8 weeks at $25^{\circ}C$ of incubation temperature. It was shown that the cumulative $CO_2$ were 207.1 to $255.2g\;CO_2/m^2$ for biochar input treatments and $258.6g\;CO_2/m^2$ for the control after experimental periods. The cumulative $CO_2$ emission was slightly decreased in biochar input treatment compared to the control. It was appeared that cumulative $N_2O$ emissions were $2,890.6mg\;N_2O/m^2$ for control, 379.7 to $525.2mg\;N_2O/m^2$ for biochar input treatment at the end of experiment. All biochar treatments were found to significantly reduce $N_2O$ emission by 82~87%. Consequently the biochar from byproducts such as pear branch, rice hull and bean straw could suppress the soil $N_2O$ emission. The results from the study imply that biochar can be utilized to reduce greenhouse gas emission from the upland field.