• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.8
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• pp.8-13
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• 2018

Nitrogen oxides (NOx) have recently been very influential in the generation of ultrafine dust, which is of great social interest in terms of improving the atmospheric environment. Nitrogen oxides are generated mainly by the reaction of nitrogen and oxygen in air in a combustion gas atmosphere of high temperature in a combustion apparatus such as thermal power generation. Recently, research has been conducted on the combustion that recirculates the exhaust gas to the cylindrical burner by using a piping using a Coanda nozzle. In this study, three types of burners were carried out through computational fluid analysis. Case 1 burner with the outlet of the combustion gas to the right, Case 2 burner with both sides as gas exit, Case 3 burner with left side gas exit. The pressure, flow, temperature, combustion reaction rate and distribution characteristics of nitrogen oxides were compared and analyzed. The combustion reaction occurred in Case 1 and Case 2 burner in the right direction with combustion gas recirculation inlet and Case 3 burner in the vicinity of mixed gas inlet. The temperature at the outlet was about $100^{\circ}C$ lower than that of the other burners as the Case 2 burner was exhausted to both sides. The NOx concentration of Case 1 burner at the exit was about 20 times larger than that of the other burners. From the present study, it could be seen that it is effective for the NOx reduction to exhaust the exhaust gas to both side gas exits or to exhaust the exhaust gas to the opposite direction of inlet of recirculation gas.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.696-701
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• 2018

The nitrogen oxides generated during combustion reactions have a great influence on the generation of acid rain and fine dust. As an NOx reduction method, exhaust gas recirculation combustion using Coanda nozzles capable of recirculating a large amount of exhaust gas with a small amount of air has recently been utilized. In this study, for the burner outlet with dual end opening, the use of a recirculation burner was investigated for the distribution of the pressure, streamline, temperature, combustion reaction rate and nitrogen oxides using computational fluid analysis. The gas mixed with the combustion air and the recirculated exhaust gas flow in the tangential direction of the circular cylinder burner, so that there is a region with low pressure in the vicinity of the fuel nozzle exit. As a result, a reverse flow is formed in the central portion of the burner near the center of the circular cylinder burner and the exhaust gas is discharged to the outside region of the circular cylinder burner. The combustion reaction occurs on the right side of the burner and the temperature and NOx distribution are relatively higher than those on the left side of the burner. It was found that the average NOx production decreased from an air flow ratio of 1.0 to 1.5. When the air flow ratio is 1.8, the NOx production increases abruptly. It is considered that the NOx production reaction increases exponentially with temperature when the air ratio is more than 1.5 and the NOx production reaction rate increases rapidly on the right-hand side of the burner.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.165-169
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• 2010

Liquid Rocket Engine is generally composed of extremely low and high temperature field. So that the component works properly including the electric component, the heat insulator should be applied appropriately. There are three steps. First, the heat source components should be defined and temperature field analyzed. Second, the heat transfer of pipes between the heat sources should be analyzed. Third, the components and pipes before and after applying the heat insulator should be analyzed. Finally, the optimized heat insulator depth can be calculated. In this paper, the procedure of this steps is established and investigated.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.5 no.3 s.15
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• pp.1-8
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• 2001

This study was carried out for the purpose of determination of maintenance period and investigation of weak point due to freeze when the gas heater of KOGAS valve station Is not operated in winter season. 3-dimensional non-linear numerical simulation was conducted in order to predict the time and location which bath water in heater reaches to ice point. FLUENT V 5.0, commercial code, is used for thermal fluid flow analysis. We thought this was problem of heat conduction solving the energy equation and modeled gas heater by using the real geometry and scale for performing the 3-dimensional simulation. It was analyzed complex heat transfer phenomena considering convection due to air on surface, conduction in insulation material, natural convection of liquid in heater and heat loss through the pipe.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.52-58
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• 2012

Recently, waste gas incineration is increasing due to strong environmental regulatory system in Korea. These incinerating facilities are usually connected with the top of the storage tank through pipeline and incinerate off gas with the flame. Therefore, the flame originated from these facilities is likely to move back into pipeline and might cause an explosion of the storage tank. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to suggest the preventive measures and the way to improve the safety of these incineration systems through the cause analysis of a major industrial accident occurred in a acrylic acid manufacturing process in Korea. As a result of the study, the preventive measures are suggested as follows. (1) Air or inert gas inflow facilities should be well designed to dilute flammable gases into air or inert gas sufficiently before the blower is restarted in order to prevent the explosion (2) It is needed for the detonation-type flame arresters to be installed on the top of the storage tanks. (3) In case of using the deflagration-type flame arresters, it is necessary to install a rupture disk before the arresters, or blow off the flame outside tanks by connecting the tank top and the incinerator with hood-type pipe. (4) TDR should be installed to be restarted automatically after the momentary power failure.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Disaster Information Conference
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• 2017.11a
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• pp.241-242
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• 2017

본 논문에서는 폐유리를 재활용하는 발포유리에 대한 기술 및 활용방법에 대한 고찰을 통해 국내에서 적용 가능한 폐유리 재활용기술에 대하여 검토하였다. 폐유리를 재활용한 발포유리는 폐유리를 분쇄한 유리 미분에 규산나트륨, 탄산칼슘, 그라파이트 등의 발포제를 첨가하여 형틀에 넣고 가열을 하면, 유리분말은 소결(sinter)상태가 되는 약 $800^{\circ}C$ 정도가 되면 녹기 시작하고, 발포제는 분해되어 $O_2$와의 반응에서 발생하는 $CO_2$ 가스에 의한 기포가 발생하여 발포유리가 형성되는 제조 방식이다. 이러한 발포유리 방식으로 제작된 판재 및 배관 형태의 불연재료는 건설 및 LGN선박용으로 널리 활용되고 있고, 인공경량 골재의 형태는 건설용 채움재 및 빗물 저류용, 정화용으로 활용되고 있다. 이러한 활용 방식은 국내에서도 충분히 적용 가능한 방식이며, 국내에서의 적용을 통해 폐기물 및 환경부하 저감 효과를 높일 수 있다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2011.02a
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• pp.366-366
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• 2011

냉중성자원은 하나로 반사체탱크에 위치한 수직공에 설치되어 노심에서 발생하는 열중성자를 감속재인 액체수소층을 통과시켜 냉중성자를 생산하는 설비로 수소가를 충전하고 있는 수소계통이 있으며, 21K의 극저온 액체수소/기체수소 2상(ttwo-phase)을 유지하기 위해 외부에서 유입되는 열침입을 최소화하기 위해 진공계통이 설치되어 있다. 진공계통은 수조내기기 집합체(In-Pool Assembly : IPA)의 액체수소 열사이펀, 감속재 용기 등의 냉중성자원 극저온 부풀들의 단열을 위하여 진공용기 내부진공도를 공정진공도 이하로 유지하기 위한 계통으로 고진공펌프, 진공배기탱크 및 저진공펌프의 조합으로 두 개의 진공펌프시스템과 진공박스, 배기수집탱크 및 밸브박스를 포함한 연결배관으로 설계되었다. 저진공펌프를 이용하여 대기압에서 고진공펌프 작동압력까지 도달한 후 고진공펌프를 가동하여 공정진공도 이하의 진공도를 확보하고, 고진공펌프로부터 배기되는 배출가스는 고진공펌프 후단에 설치된 진공배기탱크에 포집되며, 필요 시 저진공펌프레 의하여 배기수집탱크로 배출된다. 진공펌프시스템은 진공용기 내부의 압력이 공정진동고 이하로 유지되도록 연속적으로 가동되어 진공단열이 가능하다. 본 논문은 감속재인 수소를 액화상태로 유지하며, 공정진공도 이하로 충분히 유지되어 운전되는 진공계통의 특성을 원자로 운전 주기별로 소개하고자 한다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Nuclear Society Conference
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• 1995.05a
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• pp.525-530
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• 1995

최적 열수력 전산 코드인 CATHARE2 Vl.3u 코드를 이용하여 영광 3/4호기 midloop 운전중 잔열제거(RHR) 기능 상실사고를 해석하였다. 본 연구의 주된 목적은 사고시 계통에서 발생하는 열수력 현상의 이해 향상 및 증기발생기 열제거 능력 평가에 있다. 사고 복구 절차 관점에서 노심 비등, 노출 시점 및 계통압력 등이 중요한 인자이다. 본 계산 수행시 사용한 가정은 다음과 같다. 가) 초기 계통 수위는 고온관 중간에 위치하며 그 윗 부분은 질소 가스로 차 있다. 나) 3/4 인치 크기의 방출 밸브가 원자로 용기 상부 및 가압기 상부에 각각 설치되어 있으며, RHR 흡입구에 수위지시계가 설치되어 있다. 다) 증기발생기의 이차측은 U-튜브가 잠기도록 물로 차있다. 라) 두 증기발생기의 대기 방출 밸브(ADV)는 항상 열려 있어 사고시 이차측 압력을 대기압으로 유지하기에 충분하다. 사고는 원자로 정지 2일 후 발생하였다고 가정한다. 이와 같은 조건하에서 사고시 주된 계통 열제거 수단은 증기발생기 U-튜브내의 응축 작용이며 이는 전체 열제거량의 94%로 나타났다. 노심 비등 시점온 사고후∼300초 이후이며, 계통압력은 10,800초 이후에 최고 압력인 0.25MPa에 도달한 후 그 값을 계속 유지하고 있다. RHR 배관에 연결된 수위지 시계를 통해 10,200초 이후부터 냉각수가 방출되었다. 2개의 방출밸브 및 수위지시계를 통하여 방출된 유량에 근거하여 원자로 용기 냉각재 수위가 고온관 바닦까지 낮아지는 시점을 계산하면 사고 약 6.4 시간 이후가 된다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.49-57
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• 2023

The autogenous pressurization has been widely adopted for propulsion systems of next-generation reusable rockets due to its low cost and high reliability. The autogenous pressurization has a simple structure, but an understanding of the heat and mass transfer occurring inside the tank is essential. For this reason, a simulation test of the autogenous pressurization was conceived. The experiment equipment was constructed based on overseas pressurization test facilities cases and expert advice. Unlike the actual autogenous pressurization system, the propellant tank was insulated to exclude external influences. The pressurized gas supply line and the propellant pipe were separated. Using the manufactured autogenous pressure experiment equipment, it is possible to evaluate the condensation phenomenon of pressurants in cryogenic propellants, comparison of the efficiency of pressurization using helium and evaporated gas and the pressurization capacity according to the temperature of pressurant.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.21 no.9
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• pp.25-32
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• 2020

The underground utilities installed under the ground is an important civil engineering structure, such as water supply and sewerage pipes, underground power lines, various communication lines, and city gas pipes. Such underground utilities can be exposed to risk due to external factors such as concentrated rainfall and vehicle load, and it is important to select and construct an appropriate backfill material. Currently, a method mainly used is to fill the soil around the underground utilities and compact it. But it is difficult to compact the lower part of the buried pipe and the compaction efficiency decreases, reducing the stability of the underground utilities and causing various damages. In addition, there are disadvantages such as a decrease in ground strength due to disturbance of the ground, a complicated construction process, and construction costs increase because the construction period becomes longer, and civil complaints due to traffic restrictions. One way to solve this problem is to use a liquid filler. The liquid filler has advantages such as self-leveling ability, self-compaction, fluidity, artificial strength control, and low strength that can be re-excavated for maintenance. In this study, uniaxial compression strength test and fluidity test were performed to characterize the mixed soil using marine clay, stabilizer, and in-situ soil as backfill material. A freezing-thawing test was performed to understand the strength characteristics of the liquid filler by freezing, and in order to examine the effect of the filling materials on the corrosion of the underground pipe, an electrical resistivity test and a pH test were performed.