• Information and Communications Magazine
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.11-17
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• 2015

4D 영상은 3D 영상에 바람, 의자의 움직임, 물의 튀김 등과 같은 다양한 특수 효과들을 같이 제공하여 보다 사실적인 느낌을 사용자에게 제공한다. 이처럼 사용자의 만족도 향상을 위해 시간 공간적 제약 없이 몰입감과 현장감을 극대화 할 수 있는 오감정보와 감성정보를 제공하는 미디어를 실감미디어라 한다. 실감 미디어는 시간 공간적 제약 없이 사용자에게 사실적인 느낌을 제공하며, 이를 위해 가상공간에서의 실감효과를 실제 공간의 하드웨어를 통해 실감효과를 실현하고자 하는 노력은 아직까지도 계속 되고 있다. 이러한 실감효과는 미디어를 청취할 때 시각, 청각, 후각, 미각, 촉각 등의 인간의 오감 정보를 사용자에게 전달하여 마치 사용자가 실제 현장에 있는 것과 같은 느낌을 제공한다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 실감 미디어를 비롯한 가상공간 콘텐츠를 실제 소비 환경과 상호 연동하기 위한 인터페이스에 대해 정의하고 있는 MPEG-V 표준화의 구성 및 범위와 최근동향 및 변경 점에 대해 살펴본다.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.103-114
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• 2023

Augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) differ fundamentally, with AR overlaying computer-generated information onto the real world in a nonimmersive way. Despite extensive research on cybersickness in VR, its occurrence in AR has received less attention (Vovk et al., 2018). This study examines cybersickness and discomfort associated with AR usage, focusing on the impact of content intensity and exposure time. Participants viewed 30-minute racing simulation game clips through AR equipment, varying in racing speed to alter content intensity. Cybersickness was assessed subjectively using the Simulator sickness questionnaire (SSQ; Kennedy et al., 1993). Findings revealed a progressive increase in cybersickness with longer exposure, persisting even after removing the AR equipment. Contrarily, content intensity did not significantly influence cybersickness levels. Analysis of the SSQ subscales revealed higher oculomotor (O) scores compared to nausea (N) and disorientation (D), suggesting that discomfort primarily stemmed from oculomotor strain. The study highlights distinct differences in user experience between AR and VR, specifically in subjective responses.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.629-637
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• 2022

This study is an experiment on the use of RDW(Redirected Walking) technology, which helps users to hardly feel the difference of user movement in the limited physical space and the extended virtual space when the user moves while wearing the HMD in the real world. The RDW function installed in 3D space realization software such as Unity3D is used to induce the user's redirection by slightly distorting the virtual space according to the user's point of view. However, if the RDW distortion rate is used excessively, dissonance is highly likely to occur. In particular, it is easy to make errors that cause cybersickness of users. It is important to obtain the RDW data value in the virtual environment so that the user does not feel fatigue and cybersickness even after wearing the HMD for a long time. In this experiment, it was tested whether the user's RDW was safely implemented, and item and obstacle arrangement data were obtained through this experiment. The RDW data obtained as a result of the experiment were used for item placement and obstacle placement in the virtual space.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.02a
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• pp.52-55
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• 2009

With the recent development of virtual reality, it has been actively investigated to develop user interfaces for immersive interaction. Immersive user interfaces improve the efficiency and the capability of information processing in the virtual environment providing various services, and provide effective interaction in the field of ubiquitous and mobile computing. In this paper, we propose an virtual reality platform "My Workspace" which renders an 3D virtual workspace by using an immersive user interface. We develop an interface that integrates an optical see-through head-mounted display, a Wii remote controller, and a helmet with infrared LEDs. It estimates the user's gaze direction in terms of horizontal and vertical angles based on the model of head movements. My Workspace expands the current 2D workspace based on monitors into the layered 3D workspace, and renders a part of 3D virtual workspace corresponding to the gaze direction. The user can arrange various tasks on the virtual workspace and switch each task by moving his head. In this paper, we will also verify the performance of the immersive user interface as well as its usefulness with the usability test.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2002.10e
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• pp.160-162
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• 2002

분산 가상 환경(Distributed Virtual Environment, DVE)시스템의 규모가 커지면서 확장성(scalability)이 중요한 이슈가 되고 있다. 시스템의 확장성을 높이기 위해 제안된 다중 서버 DVE 시스템에서 사용자들의 집단적인 움직임 특성은 서버간 작업부하의 불균형을 초래한다. 이는 전체 시스템의 효용을 떨어뜨리고 다중 서버의 효과를 감소시킨다. 결과적으로 시스템의 확장성이 저하된다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 기존에 제안된 로드 밸런싱 기법은 크게 로컬 기법과 글로벌 기법으로 구분할 수 있다. 로컬 기법은 적은 비용을 갖지만 작업부하의 분포가 한쪽으로 치우쳐 있을 경우 성능이 낮다. 글로벌 기법은 좋은 성능을 보여주는 반면, 서버의 수가 증가하면 비용이 크게 증가한다. 본 논문은 서버들의 작업부하분포에 동적으로 적응(adaptation)하는, 대규모 다중 서버 DVE 시스템을 위한 확장성 있는 로드 밸런싱 기법을 제안한다. 제안하는 기법에서 과부하된 서버는 그 주변 서버들의 작업부하가 적을 경우 로컬 확산 (Local Diffusion) 로드 밸런싱을 수행하고, 그렇지 않을 경우 제한적 글로벌 (Limited Scope Global)로드 밸런싱을 수행한다. 시뮬레이션 결과를 통해 제안하는 기법이 효율(efficiency)의 측면에서 기존의 로컬 기법과 글로벌 기법보다 각각 14%, 3%가 우수함을 보인다. 또한, 제안하는 기법은 서버의 수가 증가함에 따라 효율이 감소하는 추세가 기존 기법들보다 완만함을 보인다.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.15-24
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• 2019

Many limitations arise when using washout algorithms to calibrate input values in VR content-making environments using VR HMD and motion platforms. Thus, in this study, we designed a new fabrication method using a control object that turns acceleration into a rotational motion. A total of 30 people were tested to see if the improved method was better than the existing one. The results showed significant differences that the improved method is better for realism, immersion and ride comfort.

• Archives of design research
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.294-303
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• 1999

With the breakthrough development of computing environment, the design phases have been changed a lot nowadays. In the case of prior phases of transportation design such as cars and forklift-trucks design, designers have depended on surveys and 2D line drawings for fixing a product layout and extracting ergonomic data. In this method, designers don't meet only the problem of reliability of measuring data but also, the problems of unknown situation of operators' fatigue and comfort in work situation. In these methods, it has much less creditability to have a 2D human model to check the real world motion due to the limitation of the 3 Dimension. Even though with a 2D human model, perfect layout is determined, it is still difficult to measure about comfort and fatigue for a user because it measuring an analysing method is static. The development of computer hardware and software have not only changed the flow in the social-wide range but also immerged design into Virtual Environment. In conventional design method, visualization and data transferring have been the main issues but, in virtual environment, determining of design layout and analysing ergonomic data with sophisticated feeling about comfort and fatigue are possible by using 3D virtual human. In this study, the general characteristics of virtual environment was discussed and the possibility of digital process of design was treated. For these studies, layout design for forklift-trucks was tested. Eventually, the merits of each design phase applied virtual environment are discussed.

• Broadcasting and Media Magazine
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.58-66
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• 2018

점점 현실화 되는 가상의 환경 내에서 자유롭게 시점을 선택하여 볼 수 있고 전방위 공간 내 몰입형 경험을 제공하는 VR(Virtual Reality) 미디어는 자연스러운 사실감을 제공함과 동시에 공간과 시간의 제약을 극복할 수 있는 실감미디어로 인식되고 있다. 이렇듯 VR 미디어의 출현은 한정된 시점에서의 입체감 및 고화질의 서비스를 제공하는 방식을 벗어나 전방위 시점에서 몰입형 서비스를 제공할 수 있는 발판이 되었으며, 이를 방송 및 통신환경에서 제공하기 위한 기술 개발 및 표준화에 대한 노력이 진행되고 있다. VR미디어는 사용자의 움직임 자유도 지원범위에 따라 3DoF(Degrees of Freedom) 및 6DoF 360VR로 분류되어 단계별 표준화가 추진 중에 있으나, 본 고에서는 3DoF VR 미디어를 중심으로 이를 서비스하기 위한 각 표준화 단체의 동향을 살펴본다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.233-244
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to assess the ability of balance control in moving surround using head mount device and force platform and to examine the clinical usefulness of COP parameters. Fifteen patients with stroke and healthy persons were participated. COP parameters were obtained as total path distance, frequency of anterior-posterior and medial-lateral component by FFT analysis, weight-spectrum analysis in the two different conditions; (1) in comfortable standing with opened or closed eyes, (2) in virtual moving surround delivered using HMD to four different moving pattern. In virtual moving surround setting, moving pattern was composed of close-far, superior-inferior tilting(pitch), right-left tilting(roll) and horizontal rotation(yaw) movement. In all parameters, the reliebility of COP analysis system was significantly high. Also, the construct validity compared between fifteen patients with stroke and normal persons was excellent in virtual moving surround condition(p

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.3035-3041
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• 2014

The steadicam effects is widely used in production of the 3D animation for natural camera movement. Conventional method for steadicam effects is using keyframe animation technique, which is annoying and time consuming process. Furthermore it is difficult and unnatural to simulate camera movement in real world. In this paper we propose a novel method for representing steadicam effects on virtual camera of 3D animation. We modeled a camera of real world into Maya production tools, considering gravity, mass and elasticity. The model is implemented with Python language, which is directly applied to Maya platform as a filter module. The proposed method reduces production time and improves production environment. It also makes more natural and realistic footage to maximize visual effects.