• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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• v.2
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• pp.17-37
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• 1998

중소기업간 협력 활동은 사업의 전체 혹은 일정 부분에 대하여 분업이나 협업의 관계를 맺는 공동사업의 형태로 나타난다. 기업간 연결의 강도에 따라 기업들간에 형성되는 분업과 협업의 관계를 시장형, 중간조직형, 위계조직형으로 구분할 때, 중소기업간 공동사업은 중간조직형에 속하는 일종의 기업간 네트워크라고 볼 수 있다. 물론 네트워크형의 협력관계를 추진하는 방식도 업무제휴, 지분제휴, 합작투자, 컨소시엄 등으로 다양하다. 그러나 완전한 자본적 통합에 따른 위계적 조직과는 달리 참여기업들이 독립성을 유지하면서, 네트워크 밖의 기업에 대해 경쟁우위를 확보하기 위해 형성한다는 공통점을 가지고 있다. 기업간 협력관계를 통해 참여 기업들이 얻을 수 있는 혜택에 관한 기존연구들은 크게 두 가지로 나누어 볼 수 있다. 하나는 기업의 생산함수를 중심으로 그 이점을 파악하는 것이고 다른 하나는 관계의 종류에 따라 기업간 거래관계를 관리하는 소위 거래비용의 효율성을 중심으로 혜택을 파악하는 접근방법이다. 전자의 접근방법을 따를 때, 기업간 협력의 근본 유인은 규모의 경제(혹은 비경제), 범위의 경제, 집적의 경제, 구도의 경제 등이 협력관계에서 발생하는 혜택의 근본 원천이다. 기술과 제도의 발전, 시장과 경쟁환경의 변화에 따른 기업간 협력의 필요성은 갈수록 증대되고 있다. 소비자들의 요구는 매우 개성화 다양화되고 종합화되는 추세이다. 더불어 기술개발의 비용이 큰 폭으로 증가하고 있으며, 경쟁의 격화로 기술 및 제품의 진부화도 급속도로 이루어지고 있다. 세계화 상품고도화 서비스산업화 정보화 등으로 특징지워지는 새로운 경쟁환경 아래에서 장기적으로 기업의 경쟁력을 향상시키기 위해서는 시장중심적인 관점에서 형성된 기업간 전략적 연계를 바탕으로, 정보의 집적을 통해 다양한 생산성 향상 혹은 관계효율성 향상의 경제를 추구하는 것이 필연적 전제 조건이 되었다. 기업간 경쟁보다는 최종제품의 생산과 판매를 위해 형성된 기업네트워크간의 경쟁이 중시되는 시대인 것이다. 동서간(東西間) 중소기업(中小企業)의 협력(協力)을 새삼스럽게 논의하는 것은 다분히 정치적이라는 느낌을 준다. 경제적인 관점에서 실익이 있음에도 불구하고 동서간 중소기업의 협력이 이루어지지 못하고 있다면, 그 이유는 기업정보의 수집과 유통상의 문제이거나 문화나 기업관행에 대한 잘못된 선입관에서 비롯된 관계 관리비용 계산상의 문제일 것이다. 현실적으로 이 가능성은 매우 낮다. 산업의 발전 정도나 연관성에 있어서 동서축보다는 남북축을 따라 기업간 협력이 이루어질 수 밖에 없는 우리나라의 현재 상황이 동서간보다는 남북간 경제교류를 유도하고 있는 것이다. 동서간 중서기업 협력체제의 구축에 대한 논의가 본질적으로 정치적 관심에서 비롯되었다는 전제 하에, 구축의 방안을 논의하고자 한다. 경제적으로도 타당하면서 정치적으로 관심을 유발할 수 있는 협력체제 구축방안으로, 기업간 네트워크의 조직 주체로서 최근에 논의되고 있는 새로운 형태의 마케팅회사를 동서간에 공동으로 설립할 것을 제안한다. 영구 지속적 공동사업관계보다는 프로젝트별 공동사업을 전제로 기업들 사이의 효과적인 네트워크를 형성함으로써 일종의 가상적 기업을 결성할 필요가 있다. 이러한 기업간 네트워크 형성의 실행주체가 될 수 있는 새로운 마케팅 전문기업의 형태로는 공동회사(空洞會社)(hollow company), 종합상사(綜合商社)(General Trading Company), 거래형 마케팅회사(Marketing Exchange Company), 변환형 마케팅회사(Marketing Coalition Company) 등을 들 수 있다. 양 지역에서는 소비자환경과 기술환경의 특성 및 양 지역의 경제에 대한 파급효과를 고려하여 가장 적합한 마케팅회사의 유형은 선택하여 육성하고, 이를 중심으로 강력한 양 지역 및 다른 지역에 입지한 기업간의 네트워크를 구축하여야 한다. 마케팅회사를 설립하고 완전한 마케팅 서비스를 제공할 수 있도록 육성하기 위해서는 많은 투자가 필요하다. 마케팅회사의 핵심기능 분야인 금융부문, 정보부문, 영업조직 등은 모두 막대한 투자를 필요로하는 기능영역이다. 정보부문은 기술의 발전과 범세계적인 정보관련기관과의 제휴를 통해 독자적인 구축이 어느 정도 가능하나, 영업조직의 구축을 위해서는 기존업체와의 연대가 필수적인 것으로 판단된다. 지속적으로 효과적인 기업간 네트워크를 형성하고 유지하기 위해서는 또한 기업간 관계를 관리하는 방식과 제도 및 수단에 대한 연구가 필요하다. 양 지역 산 학 관의 공동노력을 통해서 새로운 경제 환경에 가장 적합한 기업 형태로 제시된 바 있는 마케팅 전문회사 중심의 기업간 네트워크를 성공적으로 구축한다면, 양 지역 및 국가 경제의 지속적인 동력원이 될 수 있을 것이다

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.24-29
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• 2005

Purpose : Instead of conventional two-dimensional (2-D) visual stimuli, three-dimensional (3-D) visual stimuli with stereoscopic vision were employed for the study of functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (f-MRI). In this paper f-MRI with 3-D visual stimuli is investigated in comparison with f-MRI with 2-D visual stimuli. Materials and Methods : The anaglyph which generates stereoscopic vision by viewing color coded images with red-blue glasses is used for 3-D visual stimuli. Two-dimensional visual stimuli are also used for comparison. For healthy volunteers, f-MRI experiments were performed with 2-D and 3-D visual stimuli at 3.0 Tesla MRI system. Results : Occipital lobes were activated by the 3-D visual stimuli similarly as in the f-MRI with the conventional 2-D visual stimuli. The activated regions by the 3-D visual stimuli were, however, larger than those by the 2-D visual stimuli by $18\%$. Conclusion : Stereoscopic vision is the basis of the three-dimensional human perception. In this paper 3-D visual stimuli were applied using the anaglyph. Functional MRI was performed with 2-D and 3-D visual stimuli at 3.0 Tesla whole body MRI system. The occipital lobes activated by the 3-D visual stimuli appeared larger than those by the 2-D visual stimuli by about $18\%$. This is due to the more complex character of the 3-D human vision compared to 2-D vision. The f-MRI with 3-D visual stimuli may be useful in various fields using 3-D human vision such as virtual reality, 3-D display, and 3-D multimedia contents.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.10D no.7
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• pp.1149-1154
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• 2003

Due to various requirements for the user access control to large databases in the hospitals and the banks, database security has been emphasized. There are many security models for database systems using wide variety of policy-based access control methods. However, they are not functionally enough to meet the requirements for the complicated and various types of access control. In this paper, we propose a database security system that can individually control user access to data groups of various sites and is suitable for the situation where the user's access privilege to arbitrary data is changed frequently. Data group(s) in different sixes d is defined by the table name(s), attribute(s) and/or record key(s), and the access privilege is defined by security levels, roles and polices. The proposed system operates in two phases. The first phase is composed of a modified MAC (Mandatory Access Control) model and RBAC (Role-Based Access Control) model. A user can access any data that has lower or equal security levels, and that is accessible by the roles to which the user is assigned. All types of access mode are controlled in this phase. In the second phase, a modified DAC(Discretionary Access Control) model is applied to re-control the 'read' mode by filtering out the non-accessible data from the result obtained at the first phase. For this purpose, we also defined the user group s that can be characterized by security levels, roles or any partition of users. The policies represented in the form of Block(s, d, r) were also defined and used to control access to any data or data group(s) that is not permitted in 'read ' mode. With this proposed security system, more complicated 'read' access to various data sizes for individual users can be flexibly controlled, while other access mode can be controlled as usual. An implementation example for a database system that manages specimen and clinical information is presented.

• Archives of design research
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• v.19 no.4 s.66
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• pp.61-70
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• 2006

The functions and roles in the various fields of modern society are changing into the unified and multiplex structure, which is simultaneous and virtual communication environments beyond physical space and time, by the digital IT technology. The urban traffic system is also being intellectualized in order to solve urban traffic problems and convenient services by using digital IT technology. The bus, which is the one of the most common public transportation, are suffering in the decrease of bus service quality and the bus passengers rate because of the development of other public transportation systems such as the subway and electric railway and by rapidly increasing private cars. By recognizing these problems, many domestic and overseas cities are promoting to introduce the Bus Information System (BIS) to improve service quality of buses through the intelligent traffic system. According to the construction of this new information system called the Bus Information System (BIS), the new bus stop configuration system and design plans are being required to solve the existing bus stop information system. Therefore, this research was conducted to suggest an effective BIS configuration system plan and synthetic design goals based on the investigation the problems of the information system and the BIS configuration system for Busan city. Also, this research are conducted the below actions as follows: First, the literature survey was conducted, such as theoretical documents on the bus stop and the Bus Information System(BIS), Also, the design trend of the BIS was examined through domestic and overseas BIS cases studies. Scondly, the problems related to the information system in Busan city bus stops were investigated to investigate the present state and problems of the Bus Information System (BIS). Finally, as a result of this research, the effective BIS configuration system plan and design approach methods of bus stops were proposed for by Busan city based on the above investigation results.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.45
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• pp.397-415
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• 2016

This paper will investigate how animated practice can be a research form as practice-led research in an ethnography approach. This practice-led research will explore the issue of the construction of contemporary identities (based on the strange case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde) and in particular, the Korean youth culture and identity, exemplified, for example, creation of 'avatars' in the virtual characters of animated online games such as Massively Multiplayer Online Role-playing Games (MMORPGs). In this proposed discussion, I will argue that the sudden period of change in contemporary Korea bears some resemblance to the Victorian era as explored in gothic fiction (e.g. Jekyll and Hyde). In this sense, my animation investigates the connection between the fictional Jekyll and Hyde and a real murder incident by a young Korean boy, which actually happened on the 16th November 2010, in SouthKorea.I will, therefore, construct this practice-led research to obtain the primary data consisted of online and offline practices in 'social ethnography'. These practices engage with specific Korean youth identity, comparing the 'avatar' with the real lives of participants. However, this paper will only focus on the (ethnographic) research process and strategy, using animated (visual) practices, rather than giving the meaning of the specific case of 'Korean-ness'. Eventually, I will explore the four different animated representations as it presents the distinctive animated realties or documentaries by online and offline practices. My intention is to visually interpret the issue of 'Korean-ness' within its socio-cultural context, adapting the convention and code of Jekyll and Hyde concept into an animated documentary in the 'virtual' world (auto-animated documentary by recording avatar interviews and online game footages) and the 'real' world (self-created animated documentary, based on real people and events).

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.297-312
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• 2007

This study is conducted to evaluate economical value of Jeju grassland and validity of its preservation, and draw up several measures to support. To measure its economical value, this study examined its environmental value and social and cultural value. For environmental value, this study used replacement method while it applied CVM method, a widely used method, to assess social and cultural value and two-level two-best choice selection method, which ask questions by assuming virtual circumstances to avoid reflecting some biased opinions. Jeju grassland has multiple functions-environmental functions such as preventing soil corrosion and flood, handling animal excrement, and purifying air, and social and cultural functions such as promoting physical and mental health and providing recreation places. From the results of the feasibility study, Jeju grassland's annual multiple functions are assessed to have a total $397,115{\sim}418,995$ million won worth. In addition, it is found that Jeju visitors recognize Jeju grassland for its functions to contribute to public interests. That is, they think it can provide attractive views and educational and recreational places and promote emotional development. Especially, many people presented their ideas that it be continuously preserved since it is worthwhile for us and our next generations. To preserve grassland's cultural resource, which create a huge economic value like this, the Government has to support a certain amount of financial aid for turning to a better grassland environment and its maintenance to realize environment-friendly livestock farming on Jeju Island and promote its tourism industry and consequently, add more value to Jeju.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.199-205
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• 2001

This study was conducted to figure out temperature profiles of a partially developed paddy rice canopy, which are necessary to run plant disease forecasting models. Air temperature over and within the developing rice canopy was monitored from one month after transplanting (June 29) to just before heading (August 24) in 1999 and 2001. During the study period, the temporal march of the within-canopy profile was analyzed and an empirical formula was developed for simulating the profile. A partially developed rice canopy temperature seemed to be controlled mainly by the ambient temperature above the canopy and the water temperature beneath the canopy, and to some extent by the solar altitude, resulting in alternating isothermal and inversion structures. On sunny days, air temperature at the height of maximum leafages was increased at the same rate as the ambient temperature above the canopy after sunrise. Below the height, the temperature increase was delayed until the solar noon. Air temperature near the water surface varied much less than those of the outer- and the upper-canopy, which kept increasing by the time of daily maximum temperature observed at the nearby synoptic station. After sunset, cooling rate is much less at the lower canopy, resulting in an isothermal profile at around the midnight. A fairly consistent drop in temperature at rice paddies compared with the nearby synoptic weather stations across geographic areas and time of day was found. According to this result, a cooling by 0.6 to 1.2$^{\circ}C$ is expected over paddy rice fields compared with the officially reported temperature during the summer months. An empirical equation for simulating the temperature profile was formulated from the field observations. Given the temperature estimates at 150 cm above the canopy and the maximum deviation at the lowest layer, air temperature at any height within the canopy can be predicted by this equation. As an application, temperature surfaces at several heights within rice fields were produced over the southwestern plains in Korea at a 1 km by 1km grid spacing, where rice paddies were identified by a satellite image analysis. The outer canopy temperature was prepared by a lapse rate corrected spatial interpolation of the synoptic temperature observations combined with the hourly cooling rate over the rice paddies.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.141-149
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• 2004

The aim of this study was to test the validity of the hypothesis that the karyotypes of four species of Lepilemuridae were formed spontaneously from their ancestral hybrid karyotype. Hypothetical ancestral haploid Karyotype of Lepilemuridae is composed of 18 autosomes and X chromosomes. Lepilemur mustelinus karyotype has four tandem fused chromosomes and one Robertsonian translocated chromosome pairs. Lepilemur septentrionalis septentrionalis karyotype has only two pairs of translocated chromosomes. We reconstruct and suggest ancestral karyotype of LMU(ancLMU) and LSS(ancLSS), from which all four studied species were derived. Hybrids of ancLMU and ancLSS were formed and produce differently fused equilibrated gametes via circular form arrangement during gametogenesis. Five unit of trivalent homologous chromosome pairs were engaged in a circular form to give new gamete corresponding to the karyotype of L. dorsalis, orientation of one unit of trivalent was inversed in the circle to gave new gamete corresponding to the karyotype of L. leucopus. Seven homologous chromosome pairs were engaged in circular form to give haploid karyotype of Lepilemur ruficaudatus. Only one homologous chromosome pair is dissociated and the other chromosome pairs rearranged in the circle to form haploid karyotype of Lepilemur edwardsi. The new gametes could be produced from these circular forms. When the new gamete fertilized with the same type of gamete, The new homozygote is produced as existing L. dorsalis, L. leucopus, L. edwardsi and L. ruficaudatus. These results support the theory that new species could be formed in hybrid population through activated chromosome fusion, chromosome rearrangement in circular from at zygotene stage and production of equilibrated gametes to form homozygote new species.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.27-34
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• 2008

A Korean urban contamination model METRO-K (${\underline{M}}odel$ for ${\underline{E}}stimates$ the ${\underline{T}}ransient$ Behavior of ${\underline{R}}adi{\underline{O}}active$ Materials in the ${\underline{K}}orean$ Urban Environment, which is capable of calculating the exposure doses resulting from radioactive contamination in an urban environment, is taking part in a model testing program EMRAS (${\underline{E}}nvironmental$ ${\underline{M}}odelling$ for ${\underline{RA}}diation$ ${\underline{S}}afety$) oragnized by the IAEA (${\underline{I}}nternational$ ${\underline{A}}tomic$ ${\underline{E}}nergy$ ${\underline{A}}gency$). For radioactive contamination scenarios of Pripyat districts and a hypothetical RDD (${\underline{R}}adiological$ ${\underline{D}}ispersal$ ${\underline{D}}evice$), the predicted results using METRO-K were submitted to the EMRAS's Urban Contamination Working Group. In this paper, the predicted results for the contamination scenarios of a Pripyat district were shown in case of both without remediation measures and with ones. Comparing with the predictied results of the models that have taken part in EMRAS program, a feasibility for decision-making support of METRO-K was investigated. As a predicted result of METRO-K, to take immediately remediation measures following a radioactive contamination, if possible, might be one of the best ways to reduce exposure dose. It was found that the discrepancies of predicted results among the models are resulted from 1) modeling approaches and applied parameter values, 2) exposure pathways which are considered in models, 3) assumptions of assessor such as contamination surfaces which might affect to an exposure receptor and their sizes, 4) parameter values which are related with remediation measures applied through literature survey. It was indentified that a Korean urban contamination model METRO-K is a useful tool for dicision-making support through the participation of EMRAS program.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.77-84
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• 2020

This study is apply 3D spatial information per traditional landscape space by comparing spatial information data created using a small drone and 3D scanner used for 3D spatial information construction for efficient preservation and management of traditional landscaping space composed of areas such as scenic sites and traditional landscape architectures. The analysis results are as follows. First, aerial photogrammetry data is less accurate than 3D scanners, but it was confirmed to be more suitable for monitoring landscape changes by reading RGB images than 3D scanners by texture mapping using digital data in constructing orthographic image data. Second, the orthographic image data constructed by aerial photogrammetry in a traditional landscaping space consisting of a fixed area, such as Gwanghalluwon Garden, produced visually accurate and precise results. However, as a result of the data extraction, data for trees, which is one of the elements that make up the traditional landscaping, was not extracted, so it was determined that 3D scanning and aerial surveying had to be performed in parallel, especially in areas where trees were densely populated. Third, The surrounding trees in Soswaewon Garden caused many errors in 3D spatial information data including topographic data. It was analyzed that it is preferable to use 3D scanning technology for precise measurement rather than aerial photogrammetry because buildings, landscaping facilities and trees are dense in a relatively small space. When 3D spatial information construction data for a traditional landscaping space composed of area using a small drone and a 3D scanner free from temporal and spatial constraints and compared the data was compared, the aerial photogrammetry is effective for large site such as Hahoe Village, Gyeongju and construction of a 3D space using a 3D scanner is effective for traditional garden such as Soswaewon Garden.