• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.271-280
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• 2021

The main purpose of this study is to examine the awareness of poverty cause on the welfare perception, and to verify the moderating effect of trust in government on the relationship between the awareness of poverty cause and welfare perception. To this end, 2,027 members over the age of 20 who completed the supplementary survey were analyzed using data from Korean Welfare Panel in 2019(14th). To analyze, we conducted a hierarchial regression analysis and confirmed the explanatory force change. As a result of that: First, among the sub-factors of awareness of poverty cause, the awareness of individual responsibility showed negative influence on welfare perception, while the awareness of social structure responsibility and fate showed a positive influence. Second, trust in government showed a positive influence on welfare perception. Third, the moderating effect of trust in government has been partially verified. In other words, among the sub-factors of awareness of poverty cause, it was significant in the relationship between awareness of individual responsibility and welfare perception, and social structure responsibility theory and welfare perception. From this result, it was confirmed that the reinforcement of social capital, such as trust in government, as well as attitudes toward the cause of poverty, is very important to improve the welfare perception of social members. Based on this results, this study has proposed the implications, discussions and limitations of the study.

• Archives of design research
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• v.18 no.4 s.62
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• pp.129-138
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• 2005

Until the early part of the 1990s, interior design has never been thought important by car makers. Repeated attempts have been made to systemize a technical structure, such as layout, driving method, and size, and the car's interior design has been developed by in simple comparison with the exterior design. In the 1990s, however, this trend began to change because consumers began spending more time in their cars, so the motive of the technology development became that of giving comfort and functional satisfaction to the customers. Observing how a person spends inside his or her car and considering the latest trends in car interiors have made a consumer-oriented sense of value i.e., intensifying the personality of the car's interior design and considering the emotional makeup of the consumer factor in the acquisition of a strategic brand identity. These days, car interiors assume a new concept every year due to the constant change in various factors, and the application of a high-tech design, with a sensing function and a navigation system, to achieve driverless running, is being raised as a key trend element technology for the future. Now, at the present when multilateral concept applications of design are attempted under the direct influences from other fields such as product design, fashion and furniture, I would like to lay stress on investigating and analysing the changes in car interior design varying with the background of the times and formative characteristics from the object point of view. On this study, I would like to compare the background of the times and flow of car interior design with priority given to crash pad and would like to attempt to present the direction of the future car interior design together with diversifying major technical factors.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.710-719
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• 2017

This study conducted a survey on the time serial change in the aging ratio and population structure in new towns and their housing complex of Korea and Japan, and revealed the differences in the factors that affect the aging ratio in new towns of Korea and Japan through a comparison of the housing provision of housing complex with a high aging ratio. Rapid aging is underway around the housing complexes that were developed in the beginning of Tama new town in Japan. Agingtends to increase in proportion to the opening time of the housing complex. Rental housing residents of early migration households showed rapid aging because they had generation separation early due to narrow housing. On the other hand, Bundang new town maintains a lower aging ratio and speed than Seoul and Seoul metropolitan area due to the constant influx of student population. On the other hand, aging is more likely to increase in large houses due to the depression of the real estate market.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.261-273
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• 2022

This study aims to predict the land use demand of Seongnam-city using system dynamics and to simulate the effect of changes in family structure and land use density adjustment policy on land use demand. This study attempted to construct causal loop diagrams and an analysis model. The changes in land use demand over time were predicted through simulation results. As a result of the analysis, as of 2035, an additional supply of 2.08 km² for residential land and 1.36 km² for commercial land is required. Additionally, the current supply area of industrial land can meet the demand. Three policy experiments were conducted by changing the variable values in the basic model. In the first policy experiment, it was found that when the number of household members decreased sharply compared to the basic model, up to 7.99 km² of additional residential land were required. In the second policy experiment, if the apartment floor area ratio was raised from 200% to 300%, it was possible to meet the demand for residential land with the current supply area of Seongnam-city. In the third policy experiment, it was found that even if the average number of floors in the commercial area was raised from four to five and the building-to-land ratio in the commercial area was raised from 80% to 85%, the demand for commercial land exceeded the supply area of the commercial area in Seongnam-city. This study is meaningful in that it proposes a new analytical model for land use demand prediction using system dynamics, and empirically analyzes the model by applying the actual urban planning status and statistics of Seongnam-city.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.22 no.1 s.72
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• pp.43-62
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• 2004

Conventionally the estimation method of the origin-destination Matrix has been developed by implementing the expansion of sampled data obtained from roadside interview and household travel survey. In the survey process, the bigger the sample size is, the higher the level of limitation, due to taking time for an error test for a cost and a time. Estimating the O-D matrix from observed traffic count data has been applied as methods of over-coming this limitation, and a gradient model is known as one of the most popular techniques. However, in case of the gradient model, although it may be capable of minimizing the error between the observed and estimated traffic volumes, a prior O-D matrix structure cannot maintained exactly. That is to say, unwanted changes may be occurred. For this reason, this study adopts a conjugate gradient algorithm to take into account two factors: estimation of the O-D matrix from the conjugate gradient algorithm while reflecting the prior O-D matrix structure maintained. This development of the O-D matrix estimation model is to minimize the error between observed and estimated traffic volumes. This study validates the model using the simple network, and then applies it to a large scale network. There are several findings through the tests. First, as the consequence of consistency, it is apparent that the upper level of this model plays a key role by the internal relationship with lower level. Secondly, as the respect of estimation precision, the estimation error is lied within the tolerance interval. Furthermore, the structure of the estimated O-D matrix has not changed too much, and even still has conserved some attributes.

• Journal of Korea Spatial Information System Society
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.17-24
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• 2007

The noise problem is one of the major problems associated with large cities and is considered important factor not only in maintenance but also in development of cities. Accordingly, the noise map is being increasingly used in city planning and design. However, the existing two-dimensional noise maps only show regional, planar distribution of noise. This study presented a method to build a data model for analyzing and visualizing noise levels at fine scale considering the vertical distribution of noise in a building. By expanding the 2D topology concept used in conventional GIS to 3D, it suggested a 3D GIS data model that makes 3D spatial queries, analyses and visualization possible and applied the proposed approach to building a 3D noise information system. By building and testing the system, the study showed different functionalities including 3D spatial queries and 3D visualization of noise levels varying temporally or according as the height of sound-proof walls. In each case, the population exposed to noise was quantitatively computed to illustrate the potential in the areas of city planning and design.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.121-125
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• 2007

물 수요예측을 실시함에 있어서 사회 경제의 장래동향과 도시의 특성 및 발전 동향을 반영하여 수행하여야 한다. 그러나 지금까지의 관행으로는 수도계획에서 사용할 수 있는 실사용량에 대한 조사와 통계가 이루어지지 않고 있다. 실제 현장에서 얻은 자료를 토대로 하여 수도계획 및 설계에 사용할 수 있는 신뢰성 있는 설계인자의 도출이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 급수지역의 각 조사 가정의 물 사용량을 실측 조사하여 얻어진 자료를 토대로 하여 물 수요 구조의 변화를 파악할 수 있는 수단의 하나로 가정의 수돗물 사용특성과 경제적 요인에 따른 가정용수의 사용특성 경향을 파악하고자 하였다. 가정에서 사용된 용수량의 조건별 경향성을 분석하기 위하여 한국수자원공사에서 2002년부터 2006년까지 3년여에 걸쳐 표본 집단이 되는 전국 140개 가구에 유량계를 설치하여 유량 자료를 획득하였고, 설문조사를 실시하여 각 가정의 물 사용 특성인자들을 조사하였다. 이 자료를 대상으로 비교적 자료의 신뢰성을 높이기 위한 자료의 선별과정을 거쳤다. 이렇게 선별된 자료들을 경향성 분석에 쓰이는 Mann-Kendall test와 Spearman's Rho test를 이용하여 분석하였다. 그 결과를 바탕으로 가정 용수 소비패턴의 증가 감소에 영향을 끼치는 인자들을 추출하였다. 실측자료를 분석을 통하여 나타난 결과들을 바탕으로 용수 수요처의 조건별 특성을 분석하고, 이를 활용한 생활용수 예측모형을 개발함으로써 합리적인 수요예측에 의한 용수수요의 과다예측 우려를 해소하고, 경제적 수도시설계획을 수립하는 등 과학적 물 수요관리 정책 수립을 위한 의사결정도구가 제공될 수 있다.c}$C의 저온에서 저장한 감자는 $20^{\circ}$C에서 저장한 감자보다 발아의 지연과 함께 낮은 PGA증가율을 보였다.다 높았으며, 전반적인 선호도의 경우 G3(1.5%)를 가장 선호하는 것으로 나타났다. 백년초 분말 첨가 도토리묵의 경우 색상은 0.5% 첨가한 O1이 가장 높은 값을 나타냈으며, 외관은 1.5% 첨가한 O3가 가장 높은 값을 보였다. 향미와 신맛의 경우는 백년초 분말의 첨가량이 증가됨에 따라서 유의적으로 증가했다(p<0.001). 씹힘성, 탄력성, 견고성의 경우는 대조군이 가장 높았으며, 백년초 분말 첨가량이 증가함에 따라 유의적으로 낮아졌다(p<0.001), 떫은맛의 경우는 백년초 분말에 의한 신맛의 영향으로 1% 백년초 분말이 첨가된 O2 가장 높게 나타났다. 전반적인 선호도는 0.5% 백년초 분말이 첨가된 O1이 가장 높게 나타났다. 따라서 녹차와 백년초의 기능성을 살린 도토리묵을 실용화시키는 효과적인 배합비는 녹차 분말 1.5% 첨가와 백년초 분말 첨가 0.5%가 바람직한 것으로 보이며 백년초 분말은 1%까지도 가능한 것으로 나타났다. 그러므로 기능성 식품 소재로써 도토리묵에 녹차와 백년초 분말을 첨가하는 것은 충분히 활용할만한 가치가 있다고 사료된다.론적으로, 비육돈 사료 내 3.32%의 호맥 사일리지의 혼합급여는 혈액 내 코티졸 함량, 도체육의 명도와 황색도, 지방산 조성 및 영양소 소화율에 영향을 미치는 것으로 사료되나 이에 대한 보다 많은 연구가 필요할 것으로 판단된다.니티와 공원과의 관계로 공원 설계와 관리에 있어서 영국에서는 커뮤니티가 직접 고객(client)으로서 역

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.7
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• pp.1035-1040
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• 2005

This study was conducted to investigate the surface spraying effect of materials on the rheological properties of frozen starch with microwave heating. Microwave helps reduce cooking time by high temperature, but swiftly snatches moisture from foods such as frozen starches (buns and noodles etc) and makes surface of foods harder. Four types of maltodextrin materials have been prepared for different concentration solutions and sprayed on surface doughs of sheet type. Sprayed dough samples were Quickly frozen at $-70^{\circ}C$ and wrapped with polypropylene film. All the treated samples were kept at 0, -20 and $-50^{\circ}C$, and then taken out periodically for measurement of the quality during storage. The quality attributes evaluated after heating with microwave energy include sensory quality retrogradation, texture, surface color and microstructure. The quality of frozen starches deteriorated with long term storage even at low temperatures of -20 and $-50^{\circ}C$, and the spray materials were found to improve the textural and physical properties of frozen starches in the microwave heating. Particularly, maltodextrin with D.E value of $9\~12$ had the most desirable effects of quality improvement.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.309-317
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• 2014

Harvested wood products (HWP) are known as products from the tree such as sawn wood, plywood, particle board, structural lumber, wooden interior material, wooden furniture, and paper products. Because carbon is locked up in the HWP until eventual end-use of HWP, HWP played a role as the carbon storage which has the effect of stabilizing the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. For these reasons, the suggestion that it must admit the carbon storage effect of HWP has been constantly raised. In 2011, the 17th session of the Conference of the Parties (COP) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) which was held in Durban, South Africa, assigned "Production Approach" which targets only the HWP producted by using round wood of domestic forestry as a official method for carbon accounting. Therefore, it is necessary that each country has to determine the half-life of wood in order to correspond to the discussions and negotiations between countries in the future and to develop an inventory of product-specific domestic wood. In this study, some countries' examples of the methods and conditions for determining half-life of HWP were investigated, and it was tried to derive the factor and methodology to determine half-life span of domestic HWP appropriately.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.553-568
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• 2022

The Household Income and Expenditure Survey is a representative survey of Statistics Korea, which aims to measure and analyze national income and consumption levels and their changes by understanding the current state of household balances. Recently, the disconnection problem in these time series caused by the large-scale reorganization of the survey methods in 2017 and 2019 has become an issue. In this study, we model the characteristics of the time series in the Household Income and Expenditure Survey up to 2016, and use the modeling to compute forecasts for linking the expenditures in 2017 and 2018. In order to evenly reflect the characteristics across all expenditure item series and to reduce the impact of a specific forecast model, we synthesize a total of 8 models such as regression models, time series models, and machine learning techniques. In particular, the noteworthy aspect of this study is that it improves the forecast by using the optimal combination technique that can exactly reflect the hierarchical structure of the Household Income and Expenditure Survey without loss of information as in the top-down or bottom-up methods. As a result of applying the proposed method to forecast expenditure series from 2017 to 2019, it contributed to the recovery of time series linkage and improved the forecast. In addition, it was confirmed that the hierarchical time series forecasts by the optimal combination method make linkage results closer to the actual survey series.