• The Korean Journal of Financial Management
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.223-257
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• 1994

본 연구는 최초공모주식의 저가발행 원인에 대한 보험가설을 미국에서의 실제 소송사례를 중심으로 실증분석한다. Tinic(1988)은 최초공모주의 저가발행이 공모에 따르는 법률적 소송위험과 소송으로 인한 간사회사의 명예손상에 대한 일종의 보험효과를 가지고 있으며, 따라서 저가발행의 크기는 소송위험과 음의 관계에 있다고 주장한다. 또한 보험가설에 의하면 실제 소송이 발생했을 경우에도 저가발행의 크기는 소송결과에 유리하게 작용한다고 한다. 본 연구에서 는 1933-1990 기간동안 미국증권법 제 11조 조항을 위반하여 소송이 제기되었던 사례가운데 실제소송의 결과가 알려진 판례를 중심으로 보험가설의 주장을 실증분석 하였다. 또한 최초공모이후의 공모시장을 통한 기업자금 조달시에 주간사회사의 변경여부를 분석함으로써 소송으로 인한 간사회사의 명예손상의 정도를 파악하고자 했다. 연구결과에 따르면 투자자들에 의한 집단소송의 결과와 최초공모주의 저가발행의 크기에는 유의적인 관계가 있음이 실증적으로 제시되었다. 또한 간사회사의 명성과 실제 현금으로 환원한 소송위험간에도 유의적인 관계가 있음을 보여주고 있다. 한편 소송에 관련된 최초공모주의 경우에는 일단 소송이 제기된 후의 공모를 통한 추가기업자금 조달시에 기존의 간사회사를 전원 교체하는 등 통제집단과는 다른 형태를 보여 줌으로써 보험 가설의 주장을 지지하고 있다.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.159-169
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• 1999

Recently a firewall is being employed to protect hacking by controlling the traffics. The security services in the firewall include authentication, access control, confidentiality, integrity, and audit trail. A token is adapted for authentication to the firewall. A token has a small battery within which has restricted power capacity, This paper proposes a novel cost-effective firewall token for hacking protecting on transmission control protocol/internet protocol (TCP/IP) based network. This paper proposes a fast exponentiation method with a sparse prime that take a major operation for a public-key crypto-system and a major power consumption in the token. The proposed method uses much less amount of modular operations in exponentiation that is reduced of battery's capacity or CPU's price in the token.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.23 no.8
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• pp.1086-1097
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• 1999

본 연구는 청바지 제품 소비자가 쇼핑시 제품이 품절된 상황에 접했을 때 보여주는 상표 전환행동에 관한 것이다. 의류 매장 관리자의 적시 적량의 제품 입고 관리 능력이 부족할 때 발생하게 될 손실을 유추해 보고 어떤 유형의 소비자가 상표 전환을 쉽게 일으키느니를 규명하는 것은 더욱 효과적인 매장 운영 소비자 만족과 고객 관리를 위해 의미있는 일일 것이다. 본 연구는 다음과 같은 목적을 가진다. 1) 제품 품절시 소비자들은 어떤 상표전환 행동을 보이는지 밝힌다. 2) 제품 품절시 대체 상표제품을 구매할 경우 대체 상표 제품의 가격의 영향력이 상표전환 행동과 어떤 관련을 보이는지 밝힌다. 3) 소비자의 쇼핑지향성, 상표충성, 애고 행동, 인구통제적 특성(성별)이 상표전환 행동에 미치는 영향력을 밝힌다. 이러한 목적을 위해 본 연구는 1997년 3월 버지니아주 블랙스버그에 소재한 버지니아 주립대학교 110명의 학생들을 대상으로 설문조사를 이용한 양적연구를 실시하였다 남녀학생 모두가 소비자로서의 역할을 담당할 수 있는 청바지를 선택하여 상표전환 행동에 대한 설문에 답하게 한후 t-test 와 카이 분석을 실시하였다 그결과 20%의 응답자가 품절기 상표전환 행동을 보이는 것을 나타났다 쇼핑시간과 편의성을 덜 중요하게 여기거나 강한 상표 충성을 보이고 의류전문매장이나 백화점을 주로 이용하는 여성 소비자들의 경우 상표전환을 쉽게하지 않는 것으로 나타났다 연구결과를 바탕으로 의류제조업자 및 소매업자의 제품입고에 과한 제언을 하였다.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.59-67
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• 2007

The cost of low-income groups's housing expenses have been weighting since 2000. To solve this problem, governments encourage supplying rental apartments for them. House rental supplement is most common things to solve housing problem in an advanced country but there is neither earning rate nor assessment standards in our country. Therefore, studies on house rental supplement are required to develop this systems. Hence in this study, we try to suggest both proper house rental charge to encourage nongovernmental construction and house rental supplement, considerng ability to pay.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.441-446
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• 2009

This study suggests a reliable risk diagnosis system on the lease deposit, as one of main functions for a real estate information system. A previous system adopted a method where a user should input all required data and the program just performs a simple calculation to provide the results to users. Such a methodology makes a user feel uncomfortable and reduces the reliability for the risk diagnosis of the lease deposit. Therefore, the suggested method in this paper is to minimize the data input by users and to provide a proper sale price to users based on the existing raw data and the statistic court auction data. In addition to the risk diagnosis, it explains about some possible risk information and provides a way to control a risk so that a user can recognize any risk.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.24 no.5 s.91
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• pp.45-56
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• 2006

In order to construct an information pool on the production characteristics and efficiency of Korean railroad industry, various alternative approaches have to be applied. In this paper we present an empirical application of the distance function to measure the technical efficiency and the production characteristics of Korean railroad industry, The distance function firstly introduced by Shephard (1953) provides the advantage that it does not need information about prices, so it can accommodate the multiple output nature of the railway only using the quantifies as data. This is of great relevance in the context of the public sector such as railroad industry where there are often distinct control mechanisms on input prices. Also the distance function allows us to obtain a measure of technical efficiency as well as a measure of production characteristics. From annual data on Korean railroad industry during 1964-2004, multiple output distance function is estimated using quadratic programming model. The resulting technical efficiency estimates has tended to be improved over the period $1980{\sim}2004$. The indirect Morishima elasticities of substitution indicate that the substitutabilities for labor are relatively very low or impossible. The average scale elasticity is 2.7 which means that increasing the scale by 1per cent will result in an output increase by 2.7 percent. This result indicates that economies of scale are present in the Korean railroad industry.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.115-123
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• 2018

This study is empirically intended to put forward the modeling and process improvement measures for the SCM capability in small venture firms. The findings are summarized as follows. There were strategic alliance, technological development and centralization in the modeling of strategic planning for supply chain, not the least of which is strategic alliance, followed by centralization and technological development. There were routing scheduling, network integration and third party logistics outsourcing in decision making, not the least of which was network integration. There were customer service management, productivity management and quality management in management control, not the least of which was quality management. And there were order management choice, pricing demand, shipment delivery and customer management in transaction support system, not the least of which was order management choice. As for the above-mentioned findings, to maximize the SCM capability and operate the optimized process in small venture firms, the existing strategic alliances can optimize the quality management and stabilize the transaction support system through the network sharing and integration from the perspective of relevant organizational members' capability and process improvement. And the strategic linkage between firms can maximize the integrated capability of information system beyond the simple exchange relation between electronic data, achieving a differentiated competitive advantage. Consequently, the systematization and centralization for the maximization of SCM capability, including the infrastructure construction based on the system compatibility and reliability for information integration, should be preceded before the modeling of the integrated capability for optimum supply chain and the best process management in the smart era.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.13-22
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• 2005

The research is a study on the effects of MMORPG (Massively Multi-player Online Role Playing Game) utilized in educational program. We investigated the possibilities of online game as an educational tool, especially in the field of economy education. Students have been taught market, price, profit, scarcity of goods etc., and then they played an online game we provided. Students manufactured cyber goods and also sold or bought various materials to maximize their profits. A experimental group was compared with a control group on measures of economic self-efficacy, motivation for economic learning, and attitude for economic learning, economic self-efficacy and motivation for economic leaning scales consist of 2 factors and attitude for economic leaning consists of 1 factor. Participants were 5th grade elementary school students(experimental group: 154, control group: 158). After the experiment, students' self-efficacy and motivations for economy learning have increased significantly. It has been found that students understand more easily the difficult economic terms such as' inflation', 'price setting', 'scarcity of goods etc. Their motivations for economy learning also increased significantly. This result indicates that online games have the potentiality that can be utilized as an educational tool.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.627-653
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• 2006

The purpose of this study lies in understanding how the spectrum assigned for each mobile operator affects the consumers of mobile service. For this purpose, we have observed the change of path coefficient in the structural equation, using control variables. However, the structure of the mobile service market in Korea has become fixed. Considering this tendency and the conclusion of this study, the 'lock-in effect' occurs seriously in the mobile service market in Korea. It can be explained by the fact that CS(Customer Satisfaction) of the cellular subscribers little affects customer loyalty but the market dominance of the cellular service in the actual market has continued for a long time. In this study, we figured out a strong prejudice about call quality, which is caused by spectrum difference among competitors. Cellular subscribers tends to believe that call quality of their cellular service is better than that of PCS. In addition, we found that PCS operators can catch customer's retention by investment into network in order to increase call quality.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.153-161
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• 2021

This study analyzed the ripple effect of the demand-side support for start-up venture companies on the macro economy using Dynamic General Equilibrium model. In the model, start-up venture companies were expressed in a manner that distinguished between workers and entrepreneurs by applying the span of control in the Lucas(1978). As a result of the analysis, when the share of public procurement of start-up venture companies was increased from 5.7% to 10%, the actual production of start-up venture companies increased by about 46.17% and the number of venture companies increased by about 150%. In addition, it was analyzed that the number of jobs through venture companies increased by about 61.56%. In addition, it was found that the economic effect was greatly reduced when the start-up venture company was supported as a subsidy for the supply sector with the same amount as the public procurement support. This is interpreted as the fact that if the government implements the supply-side support policy, the expansion of supply causes the price of start-up venture companies to fall, reducing the effect of the support policy in half. Therefore, when supporting start-up venture companies, the government should make efforts to maximize the policy effect by expanding the demand-side support through public procurement and reducing the payment of simple subsidies to start-up venture companies.