• Culinary science and hospitality research
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.269-279
• /
• 2010

This study investigates 4P's of developing food service products(Focused on Gwangju, Jeonnam area) and intends to set the direction for the relations between product, price, promotion, place and customer satisfaction and customer occupation. Statistical techniques employed includes reliability analysis and regression analysis. The study is based on the 220-questionnaire-survey conducted from July 6 to July 20, 2009 to five foodservice companies in Gwangju. The data collected of this study were analyzed with the frequency analysis, reliability analysis, and regression analysis using the SPSS 12.0 package program. The findings of this study are as follows. Firstly, there are significant product, price, promotion and place factors that affect customer satisfaction. Secondly, there are significant product, price, promotion and place factors that affect customer occupation. Thus, food service management needs to apply product, price, promotion and place strategies aggressively.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.20 no.5
• /
• pp.93-98
• /
• 2022

This research emphasized that the importance of green marketing activities elements such as green product, green price, green place, and green promotion. Moreover, it focused on verifying the effects of these four elements on purchase intention through environmental involvement. To verify this, an empirical analysis was conducted on Chinese consumers who have experienced or are considering purchasing a new energy vehicle. The research results are as follows. First, all four elements of green marketing activities improve environmental involvement. Second, environmental involvement was found to increase the level of purchase intention. Third, environmental involvement has a partial mediating effects in the relationship between the four elements of green marketing activities and purchase intention. Finally, the limitations of this study and future research directions were discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.43 no.11
• /
• pp.1766-1773
• /
• 2014

The purpose of this research was to scrutinize dieticians' perspective of seafood ingredients prices in school food-service. Suppliers' contract status, seafood ingredient usage and satisfaction, expectations regarding prices of seafood ingredients, and willingness to pay when HACCP is taken into account were studied. Through random sampling, the survey was conducted on 231 dieticians in 11 different educational districts and 12 elementary, six middle, and three high schools. Ultimately, 142 survey responses were taken into account. Data analysis was performed using SPSS v15.0 by descriptive analysis, ${\chi}^2$-test, and t-test. For contracts regarding seafood ingredients, competitive contracts composed 79.7%. Exactly 42.1% responded that contracts were breached, and 60.1% testified that product returns were due to excessive glazing of ingredients. The satisfaction rate of 'hygiene & sanitation of product' was the highest, whereas 'price of product' was the lowest. For 'recontracting intention', 'informal purchasing' showed higher rates compared to 'competitive bidding'. Reflecting upon the six main price factors, 'designation and maintenance of HACCP', 'price of raw seafood ingredients', 'processing costs', 'margin', 'logistic costs', and 'cost of standardizing seafood ingredients', dieticians' perceived 'impact on the anticipated price' on total cost was lower than present counterparts. This implicates that 'impact on the present price' of the six price factors is too excessive, suggesting that many dieticians are unsatisfied with the current prices of seafood ingredients. Furthermore, 52.8% of dieticians stated that the maximum additional payment of HACCP seafood ingredients should be less than 5%. Consequently, this research serves as basic information for reasonable pricing of seafood ingredients and contributes to increased seafood usage by school food-services.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
• /
• v.26 no.4
• /
• pp.577-612
• /
• 2017

In response to climate change, Korea is attempting to shift the paradigm of energy and climate change policies by introducing carbon pricing based on market mechanisms. While policy adoption is proceeding at a rapid pace, the introduction of carbon pricing has been faced with great opposition from industry. This study measures to what extent Korean companies understand and accept carbon pricing, using data from a questionnaire survey covering energy consuming companies in 2012, when discussions between the government and such companies about the introduction of a domestic emission trading system were active. It further identifies how preparations and practices for carbon and energy management of companies correlate with their policy understanding and acceptance. The analysis results show that the surveyed companies indicate moderate understanding of, as well as resistance to carbon pricing policies, while appreciating the economic incentives and accepting the mandatory regulations in this phase. Companies' understanding is more related to characteristics, i.e., sector, size, etc. than external pressures. This study found that the extent to which companies understand policy is the essential factor in their policy acceptance and related practices. In particular, understanding of carbon policy significantly influences their managerial practices and voluntary activities for carbon and energy practices. This study substantiates the correlation between the level of policy understanding of a company and its carbon and energy practices - something that all countries seeking to introduce carbon pricing in response to climate change should consider prior to policy actually being implemented; in other words, enhancing the understanding of major policy subjects of the new instrument is a key policy strategy that should be elaborated as it will lead to better performance of companies and smoother policy implementation.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.39-47
• /
• 2003

The leaf aqueous extracts from five gymnosperms plant were investigated for allelopathy with five Hibiscus syriacus varieties. The leaf aqueous extract of Pinus rigida had the highest total phenolic compound of 2.21mg/L, whereas the soil under Pinus koraiensis canopy had the highest total phenolic compound of 1.38mg/L. Fourteen phenolic compounds were isolated from five gymnosperm plants by HPLC. Among them, phenolic compounds were the highest in P. rigida (320.56 g/mg) with the primary compound 5-sulfosalicylic acid (312.55 g/mg). The correlation between leaf total phenolic compound and pH was not significant, while the total phenolic compound of the leaf extract changed soil pH. The relative seed germination of H. syriacus varieties showed 25% was threshold concentration. The germination rates of varieties were similar to the control group or showed slight stimulation to treatment of P. koraiensis extract. H. syriacus Cambanha was similar to the control group or showed stimulation in all treated groups. H. syriacus Seohohyang showed stimulation in both root and shoot growth compared to the control group. In other varieties except Seohohyang, shoot growth was similar to the control group, while root growth was stimulated in all treated groups. The extracts of tested gymnosperms showed significantly more stimulation to transplanted Seohohyang seedlings, whereas others were similar to control or inhibited in the greenhouse. The dry weight of Seohohyang was greater in all treated groups than the control group, while other varieties were inhibited. All gymnosperm extracts stimulated the chlorophyll contents of Seohohyang and H. syriacus Koyoro but other varieties were not significantly affected. Accordingly, it is suggested that Seohohyang seems the most desirable when planted within these five gymnosperms.

• Journal of Venture Innovation
• /
• v.4 no.3
• /
• pp.109-124
• /
• 2021

This study intends to find out the influence of a consumer's shopping style on impulse buying mediated by sales promotion, based on low-cost cosmetic goods. For the study, pleasure, economical, and convenience shopping styles were set as the independent variables, and impulse buying was set as the dependent variable, and as the mediating variable between the two, sales promotions such as price discount event, free giveaway event, and visit-inducing activity were reviewed. Accordingly, the influence relation of shopping style, sales promotion, and impulse buying were reviewed with hierarchical regression analysis to examine the mutual influence relation. The data for this study employed a structured questionnaire, and 230 copies were collected against men and women in their 20s-30s, who are the main consumers of low-cost cosmetic goods, and 197 faithful responses were analyzed, and the major findings from the analysis results are as follows. First, pleasure-style consumers were found to have influenced impulse buying, while economical-style consumers were found to have a negative influence, and convenience-style was found to have no significant relation. Second, as for the examination of the mediating effect of sales promotion, price discount event, free giveaway event, and visit-inducing activity were found to have a partial mediating effect on the influence of pleasure shopping style on impulse buying, and did not fulfill the economical shopping style mediating effect condition. Also, as convenience shopping style was found to be insignificant towards impulse buying, it was excluded from the mediating effect. Such result is thought to be a useful elementary material for establishing a sales promotion strategy according to shopping styles through the analysis of styles of major consumers in order to increase the sales of businesses. The theoretical and pragmatic implications of such study results were discussed and the future study directions were suggested.

• Information Systems Review
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.97-113
• /
• 2005

This paper designed and implemented(programmed) a comparative shopping agent that helps consumers to shop at on-line shopping malls over Internet. At offline stores, as consumers usually tell a sales clerk about a manufacturer, functions and price range of an item they want to purchase, the sales clerk will show the products or relevant catalogues. Then the consumer will compare functions, design and prices of the product and buy it with the lowest price. PriceMeter, a comparative shopping agent, introduced in this paper, is designed best geared to this consumers' buying behavior. Basically, as consumers enter a manufacturer's name, price, features and etc. at a search window, PriceMeter will search the web and provide a list of product informations such as features and prices that meet the search conditions. Consumers can see the information in either a form of catalogue or a printing format. As consumers click specific items to examine closely, it will show prices and information about shopping malls that sell the requested items. Clicking a 'Buy' icon, the consumers will be transferred to the right web page at the linked shopping mall. The emergence of the comparative shopping agent will expedite a consumer-centered retailing economy in the age of e-commerce. As consumers are provided with a better set of product and shopping mall information, they can make better purchasing decisions and gain more bargaining power shifted from manufacturers(sellers). The presentation of this comparative shopping agent is intended to promote the consumer-centered B2C e-commerce.

• Journal of Mushroom
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.95-99
• /
• 2020

The trade deficit in mushrooms has continued to increase in recent years. This study explored major issues and challenges faced by the mushroom industry to increase export, and to prioritize the current issues and challenges based on their relative importance. 11 major issues and challenges in the mushroom industry were highlighted in focus group interviews. Best-worst scaling analysis prioritized these major issues and challenges, and questionnaire surveys were completed by 31 mushroom industry experts. The results revealed that strengthening the mushroom quality and price competitiveness were the main priorities, followed sequentially by a diversification of the overseas export markets and stabilization of the domestic mushroom price.

• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.17 no.5
• /
• pp.571-580
• /
• 2010

We sought to define the main motivational factors promoting consumption of Prunus mume products. We surveyed both specialized high-volume consumers and public consumers, and focused on consumption of and preferences for Prunus mume and Prunus mume products. We investigated how products were preferentially consumed, purchase experience, purchase location, purchase price, consumption experience, factors important in a purchase decision, preference factors, dissatisfaction factors, consumption outlook, comments on new processed foods, and activation of consumption. A total of 534 responses were received and data were analyzed using the SAS program (Version 9.1) of the Frequency test; Chi-square test was used to detect significant factors. A greater percentage of high-volume(compared with low-volume) consumers processed personal products at home. The public consumer tended to buy commercial products. However, public consumers who were older, who had higher incomes, and who were heads of households, tended to both buy commercial products and to prepare foods at home. The common purchase methods used by high-volume consumers were internet and direct marketing, but the public consumer frequented department stores and hypermarkets. High-volume consumers observed that commercial products were expensive, and such consumers seemed to be particularly cost-sensitive. The decisive factor triggering purchase decisions in high-volume consumers was the geographical origin of the fruit, whereas the public consumer was more concerned with taste. In public, positive factors were that the product was good for health and had a pleasant taste. Some of those surveyed complained of a lack of variety in Prunus mume products and that the amount of Prunus mume in certain products was low. To promote and increase consumption, convenient-to-eat products with healthy images are needed.

• Journal of Korea Fair Competition Federation
• /
• no.29
• /
• pp.35-44
• /
• 1998

공정거래위원회는 지난 ''97년 12월 29일 1998년도에 적용될 시장지배적사업자로 128개 품목의 311개 사업자(순사업자:188개)를 지정하고 ''98년 1월 1일부터 시행에 들어갔다. ''98년도에는 ''97년도 지정품목 및 사업자 중 13개 품목, 50개 사업자가 신규로 지정된 반면 14개 품목, 45개 사업자가 지정제외되어 지난해인 ''97년도에 비해 시장지배적사업자는 5개 증가한 반면, 시장지배적품목은 1개가 감소하였다. 이번에 공정위가 시장지배적품목 및 사업자의 변동상황을 분석한 결과, ''98년도에 신규로 시장지배적품목으로 지정된 품목은 주로 매출액의 증가에 따른 자연증가가 많았던 반면, 지정제외품목은 대부분 시장집중도 완화에 기인하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 시장지배적품목으로 계속 지정된 품목의 경우에도 사업자간의 시장점유율 순위와 상위 3사가 변동한 품목이 $32.3\%$에 달한 것으로 나타나 전반적으로 시장경쟁이 촉진되고 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 시장지배적품목의 시장집중도의 경우에는 1사 지배품목의 수와 3사 지배품목 중 $90\%$ 이상의 고집중품목의 수가 감소한 것으로 나타났다. 공정위는 앞으로 시장지배적사업자에 대하여는 최근의 경제상황을 감안하여 물가와 민생안정에 역점을 두고 공정거래법을 집행해 나갈 계획으로 있다. 이를 위해 가격남용, 출고조절, 공동행위 등 물가안정을 저해하는 시장지배적사업자의 법위반행위에 대한 감시를 강화하고, 특히 휘발유, 맥주, 라면 등 물가와 서민생활에 큰 영향을 미치는 독과점품목에 대하여 철저히 감시할 계획이며, 독과점시장 구조개선시책의 일환으로 ''96년부터 추진하고 있는 26개 우선개선대상품목의 경쟁촉진방안을 적극적으로 추진할 계획으로 있다고 밝혔다.