• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
• /
• v.16 no.4
• /
• pp.107-117
• /
• 2015

As the demand for urban business hotel has increased in the recent years due to the sharp rise in overseas tourists, the potential of business hotel development has gained in financial attention for the real estate investment. However, its concept and business domain has not been defined, and none of investment guidance for the development has not been clarified. Accordingly, this report intends to define the concept of urban business hotel in perspective of real estate investment through prior case studies and literature review, and provide the structure of determinants which control its investment decisions. Furthermore, this study develops the weight of determinants depending on the type of investment, and evaluate the two actual projects in urban area of Seoul, differed from investment type: direct and indirect, based on AHP and Fuzzy methodologies. Research finding indicate that the financial factors affecting the sales and tour business condition factors are critical determinants regardless of investment type. And it is notable that the direct investment perspective pays more attention on the finance and investment associated determinants while the indirect one more focuses on the regional and environmental ones. From the analysis of case evaluation, it is also noteworthy that the direct investors turn out to be more conservative than indirect investors due to the risk of equity capital investment.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.270-279
• /
• 2002

1997년 IMF 경제위기 이후 한국사회의 뚜렷한 변화의 하나는 빈부격차의 확대와 함께 사회계층의 양극화가 진행되고 있다는 점이다. 이 논문의 목적은 사회적 양극화의 주요 원인은 무엇이며, 사회적 양극화가 공간적으로는 어떻게 나타나는가를 서울을 사례로 하여 규명하는 데 있다. 서구 선진자본주의 국가에서 사회적 양극화에 대한 논의는 이미 1990년대 초 세계화 또는 세계도시가 주요한 연구주제로 등장하면서 시작되었다. 1980년대 이후 선진자본주의 국가를 중심으로 한계에 도달한 포드주의 축적체계가 포스트 포드주의로 급속히 전환되면서 사회적 양극화가 자본의 유연화 및 세계화 전략과 맞물리는 현상으로 인식되었기 때문이다. 이런 점에서 최근 전개되고 있는 한국의 사회적 양극화는 서구 선진국과 유사하다. 1997년 경제위기 이후 세계화가 급속히 진행되는 가운데 지식기반경계의 대두로 고소득 전문직이 등장하는 반면, 중산층의 몰락과 더불어 임시적 고용이 확대되고 실업이 만성화되는 등 자본의 세계화와 유연화 과정에서 나타나는 양극화 양상이 보이기 때문이다. 이와 같은 맥락에서 한국의 사회적 양극화는 이미 1990년대 초부터 진행되어 왔으며, IMF 경제위기는 단지 그러한 사회적 양극화를 급속히 진행시키는 방아쇠 역할을 하였다고 할 수 있다. 그러나 양국의 사회적 양극화는 직업구조와 임금소득의 격차만으로 설명하기 어려운 또 다른 특성을 갖는다. 왜곡된 시장구조에서 무엇보다도 부동산과 같은 자산소득의 격차가 큰 역할을 하기 때문이다. 서울은 이와 같은 한국의 사회적 양극화가 한 도시 내에서 전형적으로 전개되는 곳이라고 할 수 있다. 한국 내 어떤 도시보다도 세계화되어 있고 전문지식을 기반으로 하는 산업이 발달하고 있기 때문이다. 서울의 사회적 양극화는 공간적으로도 나타난다. 일반적으로 서울은 크게 주거지로서는 공동화되고 있는 중구 종로구 용산구 등 사대문안의 구도심지역, 강남구 서초구 송파구 등을 중심으로 한 1970년대 이후 계획적으로 계발된 이른바 강남의 신흥주택 및 신산업 지역, 영등포구 구로구 금천구 성동구 동대문구 등 제조업 중심의 구 산업 및 저소득층 주거지역 그리고 그 나머지 강북 강서 강동 등의 전형적인 주거지역 등 4개 유형으로 지역이 구분된다. 그러나 IMF 경제위기 이후에 강남구 서초구 송파구를 중심으로 하는 고소득증의 주거지와 그 나머지 주거지로 공간적 양극화가 이루어지고 있다. 사회적 양극화의 이와 같은 공간화 과정에는 자산소득의 격차를 확대하는 강남구 서초구 송파구의 높은 지가 및 아파트 가격이 중요한 역할을 하고 있다. 높은 부동산 가격이 이 지역에 대한 일종의 진입장벽을 참음으로써 고소득층에 의한 공간독점을 가능하게 하기 때문이다. 공간적 양극화를 촉진하는데는 지하철 및 문화복지시설의 집중 둥 불균형적인 공공투자와 강북에서 이전한 명문고등학교를 중심으로 형성된 8학군 등 양호한 교육환경 또한 중요한 역할을 하고 있다. 서울의 사례에서 확인할 수 있듯이, 한국에서의 사회적 양극화는 직업구조와 임금소득이라는 일반적인 요인 외에도 부동산 가격 및 소득 그리고 생활인프라의 격차를 통해 공간적 양극화물 야기하고 있다. 이러한 현상이 한국내 다른도시에서도 전개되고 있는지, 공간적 양극화로 인한 도시문제는 무엇이고 대처방안은 무엇인지 등에 대해서 후속연구가 요구된다.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.9 no.8
• /
• pp.73-83
• /
• 2009

TCP(Transmission Control Protocol) is currently used connection-oriented protocol as a typical transport layer protocol in the Internet. However, it has deficiency not be able to communicate with other TCP entities when any link included in the path is down because of single-homing on single path. SCTP(Stream Control Transmission Protocol) suggested as the new transport layer protocol supports multi-homing feature, which provides several paths between source and destination. It can communicate with other SCTP entities using alternate path even when any link on the primary path is down. This paper aims to measure and analyze the multi-homing effect of SCTP over TCP in case of link-down using NS-2 simulator. We classify SCTP into $SCTP_{single-homing}$ and $SCTP_{multi-homing}$ because SCTP with single-homing can also be used like TCP. We measured throughput and bandwidth utilization varying link-down duration, bandwidth, and RTT(round trip time), Simulation results show that throughput of $SCTP_{multi-homing}$ is more than that of TCP by 18 % on average. It is also shown that $SCTP_{multi-homing}$ on varying RTT and bandwidth increases the throughput of TCP by 'l7% and 9% on average, respectively in the link-down environment. In above cases, more or less difference between $SCTP_{single-homing}$ and TCP on throughput and bandwidth utilization was found To summarize, multi-homing effect of SCTP over TCP on throughput is about 18 % on average in the link-down environment This experimental result can be used as the benchmark in order to estimate the multi-homing effect of SCTP over TCP when the link-down happens in the real Internet.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.14 no.7
• /
• pp.529-540
• /
• 2014

Korea's baby boomers constitute a quarter of the population structure, and they are now faced with super-aged era represented by the life expectancy of 100 years. Since this generation who played a leading role in economic growth of the country has needs for active participation in society and continuous economic activities based on the healthy bodies, sufficient wealth and desires for cultural consumption, it is called 'active seniors' as a new demographic class differentiated from the conventional elder generation. This study was intended to investigate housing needs of baby boomers as preliminary seniors in Seoul with the highest residential density of the baby boomers through a bottom-up process from the perspective of consumers, and to select the findings as criteria for residential complex plans. The analysis results showed that 'social accessibility' was most highly valued among baby boomers in Seoul, and 'medical accessibility' was determined to be the second most important factor. Other items such as 'convenience of living' and 'spatial cognition' were ranked as the least important factors. These findings suggest that the life style of baby boomers in Seoul is very similar to that pursued by active seniors in terms of life cycle, and it is determined to be a characteristic as a niche for housing needs different from the one found in conventional elder generation.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.18 no.3
• /
• pp.70-80
• /
• 2018

Due to the recent development of social media and mobile devices, graph data have been using in various fields. In addition, caching techniques for reducing I/O costs in the process of large capacity graph data have been studied. In this paper, we propose a multi-layer caching scheme considering the connectivity of the graph, which is the characteristics of the graph topology, and the history of the past subgraph usage. The proposed scheme divides a cache into Used Data Cache and Prefetched Cache. The Used Data Cache maintains data by weights according to the frequently used sub-graph patterns. The Prefetched Cache maintains the neighbor data of the recently used data that are not used. In order to extract the graph patterns, their past history information is used. Since the frequently used sub-graphs have high probabilities to be reused, they are cached. It uses a strategy to replace new data with less likely data to be used if the memory is full. Through the performance evaluation, we prove that the proposed caching scheme is superior to the existing cache management scheme.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
• /
• v.23 no.5 s.83
• /
• pp.7-14
• /
• 2005

Traffic congestion causes enormous social costs as well as loss of travel time and waste of energy. Though the Seoul metropolitan government implemented various forms of transportation policies such as urban road pricing and public transportation reform, traffic volume which across the Seoul metropolitan borders have greatly increased because of housing land development in suburban area. The purpose of this study is to estimate individual's willingness-to-pay(WTP) for extensive implementation of congestion pricing through policy-mix with bus rapid transit(BRT) system. So the field survey interviews carried out. The empirical analysis was done with priority given to the following two topics; derivation of individual WTP and prior evaluation of policy effect from the equity aspect. To estimate individual WTP, we adopted contingent valuation method (CVM). The former is to estimate individual WTP for respondent's maintaining his/her transit pattern when he/she is faced with congestion pricing by using compensating variation(CV) concept. And, the latter aims at evaluating policy effect from the equity aspect by calculating the Proportion of WTP to average income using WTP in income bracket for policy scenarios.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.33 no.6
• /
• pp.722-733
• /
• 2019

This study was carried out to provide basic information for the ecological preservation management of temple forest (Donghaksa, Gapsa, Sinwonsa) by investigating the ecological characteristics of vegetation structure of the Cultural Heritage Site in Mt. Gyeryongsan National Park based on the Braun-Blanquet vegetation survey method from September 2018 to May 2019. As a result of hierarchical cluster analysis, the forest vegetation was classified into 3 vegetation units (Zelkova serrata - Akebia quinata - Kerria japonica community, VU1; Quercus serrata - Callicarpa japonica - Carpinus cordata community, VU2; and Pinus densiflora - Prunus sargentii - Fraxinus sieboldiana community, VU3). The indicator species of each vegetation unit were 12 taxa, 8 taxa, and 6 taxa, respectively. The result of the importance value analysis showed that Z. serrata had the highest importance value in all vegetation units, and the result of the species diversity analysis showed that the species diversity of VU3 was 0.939, which was relatively higher than other vegetation units. The result of the CCA of correlation between vegetation units and abiotic environmental factors showed that VU2 had a negative correlation with altitude, and biotic environmental factors had no significant correlation with vegetation units.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.221-235
• /
• 2020

This study identified the latent groups according to smartphone addiction tendency and examined the factors affecting the latent group identification. The best-fitting LCA solution had three classes. The first group was 'non-academic stressed group, immersed in smartphone' It was characterized low scores on academic stress and average scores on smartphone addiction tendency. The second group was 'medium level academic stressed group, immersed in smartphone' which scored slightly above average in academic stress and smartphone addiction tendency. The third group was 'medium level academic stressed group, non-immersed in smartphone'. It showed higher scores than average in academic stress, but students with far lower scores in smartphone addiction tendency. Logistic analysis result showed that gender and grade were significant. This study is meaningful in analyzing academic related variable(academic stress) and mental health related variable(smartphone addiction tendency) to classify the groups according to patterns between the two variables and suggest appropriate intervention for each group in a convergence way.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
• /
• v.31 no.3
• /
• pp.5-27
• /
• 2020

This study aimed at analyzing the keywords and authors of the KCI listed theological journals and finding the official research performance of Korean theology. This study divided the periods in two according to how duplicate the authors are and found hierarchical clusters by analyzing 92 keywords using the McQuitty method. In analyzing them, the Ward linkage method was selected to prevent the authors from gathering into a small number of clusters. Also, to find how influential the journals were to the keywords, the keywords and the percentage of the journals in them were presented together. The authors were analyzed in terms of deciding the positions of them using normalized performance index representing the number of journals and growth index as a growth tendency. Especially, significant researchers were all reformed theologians in a growth index. In the analysis of the keywords of the KCI journals and the authors, the main subject terms of the Korean theology were related to systematic theology and the New Testament. By analyzing the KCI listed journals as the Korean official citation index, this study has made a difference to the advanced articles analyzing the non-KCI listed theological journals.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
• /
• v.24 no.6
• /
• pp.1385-1400
• /
• 2013

This paper discusses income replacement ratios of national pension, retirement pension and individual annuities in Korea. These ratios are useful indicators for the assessment of retirement income security of workers. This paper projects income replacement ratios, using the pension entry rate, decrement rates, and life tables of the National Statistical Office. The result of the actuarial projection is that the income replacement ratio of national pension is approximately 21.0 to 22.7%, that the income replacement ratio of retirement pension is about 5.8 to 9.7%, and that the income replacement ratio of an individual annuity is about 13.5 to 21.0%, respectively. The income replacement ratio by income varies due to the effects of income redistribution in national pension and retirement pension, but the income replacement ratio of an individual annuity is constant, regardless of income.