• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.10
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• pp.382-413
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• 1997

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.5
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• pp.127-136
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• 1992

• Journal of Ginseng Culture
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• v.5
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• pp.21-31
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• 2023

Korean ginseng, a special product of Korea, has been one of the most important exports since the era of the Three Kingdoms. However, not many records were kept about ginseng in Korea until the Goryeo Dynasty. This paper summarizes the records relating to international diplomatic relations and trade of ginseng in the Goryeo Dynasty and the medicinal books known to have been published at the time. During the Goryeo Dynasty, ginseng was actively transported to the neighboring countries of Bohai, Song, Wa, Later Jin, and Yuan as a diplomatic gift or as a trade item. Ginseng was mainly exported from Goryeo to these countries, but it was also received as a diplomatic gift from Bohai and Khitan. Arabian merchants came to Byeokran Port, a representative international trading port of Goryeo, and traded ginseng. After the Mongol invasion, the demand for ginseng in the Yuan Dynasty was excessive, which became a big social problem. During the Goryeo Dynasty, several medicinal books were published, including Jejungiphyobang, Eouuichwalyobang, Hyangyakgobang, Samhwajahyangyakbang, Hyangyak Hyemin Gyeongheombang, Hyangyak Gugeupbang, and Biyebaekyobang. Hyangyak Gugeupbang, which was reprinted during the Joseon Dynasty, has been handed down to the present time, although this has not been the case for the originals of the remaining books. Recently, some of the latter books have been restored through the study of the references in various medicinal books of later generations. While the medicinal books used in the royal court showed that a high proportion of the prescriptions containing ginseng, not a single prescription for ginseng has been found in theHyangyak Gugeupbang, which was mainly used for commoners. This is thought to be because ginseng was very rare and expensive at the time, so it was difficult for commoners to access it.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.79-93
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• 2008

Through researching 鄕藥救急方, the oldest medical text published in Korea in existence known to date, a study from a Traditional Korean Medicine perspective was conducted. This study aims to observe the treatment of oral, glottal, labial, and dental diseases starting from 統一新羅時代 to the Koryo dynasty from a historical perspective and also find out what clinical significance it withholds. "鄕藥救急方" proposes methods of nurturing the teeth and in doing so displays the tendency of Traditional Korean Medicine of putting much weight on preventing diseases and nurturing the body. "鄕藥救急方" considers the oral, glottal, labial, and dental diseases as not only fundamental problems in itself but also treats them from a perspective that they are results of disharmony among the five viscera and the six bowels. The treatment methods mentioned in "鄕藥救急方" are directly cited in "鄕藥集成方" of early Chosun dynasty. In "東醫寶鑑" of mid-Chosun dynasty, however, changes and modificatios are made to the prescriptions.

• 두채산업
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• v.1 no.4
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• pp.24-27
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• 1989

중국의 옛문헌 $\ulcorner$시경$\lrcorner$에 콩(菽)이 기록되어 있는데 기원전 7세기 초에 제의 환공이 만주 남부지방인 山戎(산융)을 점령하여 콩을 가져와 이것을 戎菽(융숙)이라고 한 것을 보면, 그 원산지가 우리나라 이라는 것을 뒷받침 하기에 충분하고, 콩나물은 고려 고종대에 $\ulcorner$향약구급방(鄕藥救急方)$\lrcorner$이란 문헌에 $\ulcorner$대두황$\lrcorner$이란 이름으로 기술이 되어있고 그것이 중국에 전해져 후에 녹두나물로 개발되어 원대의 $\ulcorner$거가필용(居家必用)$\lrcorner$에 두아채란 이름으로 기록되어 있는 것을 보면 콩나물의 원산지 역시 우리나라 이라는 것을 증명하는 것이다.

• Journal of Ginseng Culture
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• v.2
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• pp.9-16
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• 2020

Ginseng was first addressed ever in the medical record in HyangYakGooGupBang (鄕藥救急方), the oldest Korean medical book published in Kingdom of Goryeo (918-1392) when Ganghwa was the provisional capital city at the time. It is believed that ginsengs in Ganghwa were planted and cultivated from 1100s. Intensive ginseng production in Ganghwa began when Ganghwa became the special district of the Kaesong Ginseng Union (開城人蔘組合) in 1920s, this intensive production continued till the Korean War in 1950. After the Korean War ended in 1953, ginseng production was resumed. In 1967, Ganghwa Ginseng Association (江華蔘業組合) was founded. The total acreage of ginseng harvested was nearly 200 ha in 1967 and it increased to ha 900 in 1974. By mid-1970s, Ganghwa became the largest ginseng region in Korea by total production and acreage. Most of ginseng roots cultivated in Ganghwa are six years old. Ganghwa, which was already well-known for red ginseng productions, has become even more famous for ginseng production.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.67-77
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• 2008

救急醫學 was initiated with the emergence of mankind. 救急方 was written in the federal government and published in the state government taking orders from 世祖 to meet various needs; stabilization of public welfare, reinforcement of the royal authority, a need for a book for common use in the medical field, as well as pure interest in medicine coming from the king himself. 救急 includes not only emergencies but also rapid transitions of diseases encountered in everyday life. 救急方 successes the tradition of 鄕藥救急方 in that it helps anyone to appropriately treat emergencies. 救急簡易方, 救急易解方, and 諺解救急方 of later generations all were directly influenced by 救急方 and carried on the tradition of 救急.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.73-84
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• 2010

Objective : "HangYak" and "GuGeupBang" were used as a book title in "HangYakGuGeupBang". Therefore we can examine the early years of the medical of HangYak and the medical of first-aid. Methods : We studied the contents and the characteristics of Acupuncture and External treatments which were presented in "HangYakGuGeupBang". We searched the practical meaning of the publishing it too. According to "HangYakGuGeupBang". Results : Acupuncture was performed as a simple external treatment; however moxibustion was used for various symptoms in several ways. In addition, many external treatments such as hot massages, the treatment of bath and dropping lotion in the eyes were introduced in "HangYakGuGeupBang". We believe that these materials were easily gotten around us so people who lived in a poor and remote village without a doctor could apply with ease if they learned these contents. Conclusions : As a result it can say that "HangYakGuGeupBang" was published as a practical book which could be used simply even though people didn't have enough medical knowledge nor examined inside and outside-heat and cold.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.289-300
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• 2020

Objectives : In this paper, We pointed out medico-historical meaning of Hyang'yak Kugŭppang (鄕藥救急方, Medical Recipes of Local Botanicals for Emergency Use), a medical book of Koryŏ Dynasty, breaking from the existing analysis view based on Hyang'yak (鄕藥), local herbs produced in Korean Peninsula. Methods : For that purpose, we analyzed the clinical characteristics of the diseases and symptoms, strategies of treatment, therapeutic tools, drug formulations, composition of herbal formulas in Hyang'yak Kugŭppang. Results : The following characteristics were confirmed in Hyang'yak Kugŭppang. First, it contained a way to cope with the diseases and symptoms that do not have to check the exterior, interior, cold, and heat. Also, it introduced basic strategies such as reducing, facilitating flow, draining downward, warming, or tonifying, etc. It mainly included herbal medicine as the therapeutic tools, and introduced formulas composed by single herb than complex recipes. It suggested external applications more than internal use, and proposed formulations in the form of decoctions or powders, etc. The herbs of formulas were used by experience without explanations of nature & taste, efficacy of each herbs. Conclusions : Hyang'yak Kugŭppang is a book of medical recipes for emergency use that has been distributed to help gentries, even if they do not have professional medical knowledge, to instantly cope with diseases and symptoms with medicines that are easy to obtain. Previous researches has analyzed the value of Hyang'yak Kugŭppang as a collection of information of hyang'yak, and used it as a historical basis of the uniqueness of Korean medicine. Since Hyang'yak Kugŭppang is not a book specialized for herbs, but rather a clinical medical book that introduces recipes for specific symptoms of diseases, if we pay attention to the clinical characteristics of Hyang'yak Kugŭppang, it will provide an opportunity to describe Koryŏ or Korean medicine in a new way.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Oriental Medical Informatics
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.69-145
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• 2011

Characteristics Regarding Xiang Yao (Hyang Yag) Jiu Ji Fang Life Saving Local Botanical prescriptions in Medical Research Xiang Yao Jiu Ji Fang is Korea's most ancient extant medical manuscript. It was first published between 1232 and 1251 during the Goguryeo period (Gao Zong) by the (Jianghuadao Da Cang Du Jian) Great Storage Depository Under Capital Supervision. The entire work is divided into three scrolls named the front, middle and back parts. There is also an appendix titled Fangzhong Xiang Yao Mu Cao Bu 'Catalogue of Medicines in the Local Botanicals prescriptions' in one volume. The contents comprise discussion of internal medicine diseases, external medicine diseases, commentaries on sexually transmitted diseases, diseases caused by parasites and bugs, diseases of the five orifices, gynecological diseases and pediatric diseases, in all totaling fifty three types of disease. The prescriptions record 180 types of xiangyao or hyang yag-local botanicals representing the beginning of an independent Korean path of development. Owing to the development during the Goguryeo period of medical material left to us by history, investigation and research in the area of hyang yag local botanicals has bequeathed us methods used in the contemporary period. Through the related comprehensive annotated explanatory notes and documents, much analysis and discussion is taking shape.