• 가정의 벗
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• v.33 no.10 s.386
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• pp.11-11
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• 2000

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.71-77
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• 2012

Sex Hormones exert significant influence in body physiology throughout life. Some reports suggested increased sex hormone levels correlate with an increased prevalence of gingivitis. The objectives of this pilot study are to(1) address the link between menstrual cycle and MMP-9, MMP-8, IL-$1{\beta}$ of gingival crevicular fluid during 4 weeks and (2) discuss the major biomarker of periodontal status. 7 female and 3 male volunteer who didn't have smoking habit, medical and dental disease after informed consent, were seen twice a week for 4 weeks. GCF samples were collected and GCF levels of MMP-9, MMP-8, IL-$1{\beta}$ were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The GCF levels of MMP-9, MMP-8, IL-$1{\beta}$ had fluctuation according to menstrual cycle, but the changes of those were not significant by Friedman matched samples test. There is no difference between female and male subjects by Mann-Whitney U test. The correlation of MMP-8, MMP-9 and IL-$1{\beta}$ showed strong by Spearman correlation(0.644-0.945). This study confirms menstrual cycle doesn't influence the periodontium of healthy female subjects.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.307-330
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• 2017

This paper attempts to elaborate on features of cross-border interaction conducted on Dan-dong, the main city of China-North Korea trade. Through the deep interview with some trader or firms and also questionnaire survey, this paper can reveal the supremacy of informal or non-market mechanism in the cross-border trade and inter-firm linkages, and also trader and firm's rent-seeking behaviour. These features show the uniqueness of border regime between China and North Korea. Even though it is getting more porous than before, I argue that China keeps the stance toward quite controlled borderland. As the proof of this argument, I show that main tenet of China's bordland policies is the borderland stability rather than the development. The striking one is the 'Prosperous Borders, Wealthy Minorities Program(??富民行???)'. In spite of the program's title, its utmost purpose is to secure the 'borderland stability and territorial integrity' rather than to enhance the border's openness and borderland's development.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.21-36
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• 1996

This study was attempted to investigate reliability and validity of premenstrual assessment form(PAF). PAF was administered to 230 high school students who had reported premenstrual changes. PAF revealed considerable diversity in premenstrual symtom changes of the subjects. The items with most frequent reported premenstrual changes were 21 items out of 95. Cronbach's internal consistency was .95, and test-retest reliability was .80. Validity test was performed by constructional validation analysis. 8 factors(impulsive & unstable factor, depressive factor, withdrawal & social functioning impairment factor, anxiety & cognitive dysfunction factor, physiological factor, general discomfort factor, increased well-being factor, other factor) emerged at factor analysis. Each of them accounted for 33.97, 5.10, 3.70, 2.93, 2.64, 2.46, 2.12, 2.03 of total variance respectively. High school students experienced impulsive & unstable features of premenstrual symptoms more frequently. This study suggests PAF can be a reliable and valid tool as a initial screening and evaluation of premenstrual changes. finally, factor analysis result was compared with PAF typological categories.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.41-60
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• 2005

Objective : The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of acupuncture therapy on the premenstrual syndrome. Methods : Volunteers of twenty subjects were employed using DRSP questionnaire. Subjects were divided into two groups including active-acupuncture treatment group, placebo acupuncture treatment group. In the control group, subjects were needled at $SI_5$, $ST_{40}$ points and in the acupuncture group, subjects were stimulated at two basic points, $SP_6$ and $CV_6$, and several points were inserted additionally depending the symptoms including $LR_2$, $LR_3$, $SP_10$, $LI_4$, and $ST_3$. A total of 13 acupuncture sessions were performed for each patient depending on the individual menstruation cycle over 8 weeks. Concentration of blood progesterone was examined and Digital Infrared Thermal Imaging (DITI) was taken before and after acupuncture treatment.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.74-83
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of dysmenorrhea and stress on quality of sleep in nursing students. The subjects of this study were 248 nursing students and data collection was from April 20 to May 18, 2021. Data was analyzed using the SPSS/WIN 24.0 program by descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation, multiple regression analysis. There was a positive correlation between dysmenorrhea(r=.20, p<.001) and stress(r=.24, p<.001). Grade, stress and dysmenorrhea were found to be factors influencing quality of sleep among nursing students. The results of this study suggest that it is necessary to develop some programs that include factors such as grade, stress and dysmenorrhea for nursing students' quality of sleep.

• 정보화사회
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• s.178
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• pp.18-19
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• 2006

SK텔레콤과 KTF 등 W-CDMA 사업자들의 2006년 화두는 단연 'HSDPA'라고 할 수 있다. 3.5G 이동통신으로 일컬어지는 HSDPA는 이론상 최대 속도 14Mbps, 실제 속도 역시 3Mbps 이상을 구현할 것으로 보여 화상전화 정도만을 장점으로 내세웠던 WCDMA와는 분명히 차별점이 있기 때문이다. 특히 KT가 주도하는 와이브로 서비스가 4월경 서비스될 예정이기 때문에 이통사들의 HSDPA 서비스개시도 당초 예상보다 대거 앞당겨 빠르면 7월경 이뤄질 전망이다.

• 건강소식
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• v.9 no.10 s.83
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• pp.17-19
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• 1985

• Environmental engineer
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• s.168
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• pp.20-23
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• 2000

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.119-128
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the relationships between life style, menstrual attitude and premenstrual syndrome in nursing students. Methods: The study participants were 246 nursing students of a university in Gyeunggi province. Data were collected by a self-administered questionnaire from May to June, 2012. Collected data were analyzed using the SPSS/WIN 20.0 program with descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient, t-test, one-way ANOVA and Scheffe test. Results: Students who had undesirable alcohol habits (r=.15, p=.020) and negative menstrual attitude (r=.17, p=.009) experienced more a severe premenstrual syndrome (PMS). Students with dysmenorrhea had more severe PMS (F=12.41, p<.001) and a negative menstrual attitude (F=6.18, p<.001). Conclusion: These finding suggest that PMS would be alleviated by nursing interventions to improve alcohol habits and decrease negative menstrual attitudes, and nursing interventions for dysmenorrhea would be helpful in PMS management in nursing students. Further studies on the development of nursing interventions related to these factors are needed for PMS management.