• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.20-28
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of auricular acupressure therapy on dysmenorrhea of puberty girls. Methods: This study was a pretest-posttest design with a nonequivalent control group. The subjects of this study were 61 girls who were middle and high school students in Seoul and the experiencing dysmenorrhea; 31 for the experimental group and 30 for the control group. The obtained data were analyzed by SPSS/WIN 12.0 program. Results: The experimental group which applied the auricular acupressure therapy scored lower for low abdominal pain (F=136.13, p=.000), low back pain (F=62.79, p=.000). autonomic nervous system reactions (F=102.31, p=.000) and negative emotions on the menstruation (F=102.31, p=.000) compared to the control group. There were significant interaction effects of auricular acupressure on low abdominal pain, low back pain, autonomic nervous system reactions, and negative emotions on the menstruation between time and group. Conclusion: We observed that auricular acupressure therapy is effective for reliving pain and the symptom of dysmenorrhea. Based on these result, auricular acupuncture is useful by individual nursing intervention and improves the quality of life for dysmenorrhea of puberty girls.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.310-321
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• 2018

Purpose: To examine the effect of menstrual self-management education program on knowledge and behavior of menstrual self-management in high school girls. Methods: With a randomized controlled trial, 100 high school girl students were randomly assigned into experimental group and control group. Menstruation self-management program was consisted of a total of four sessions of education program (1 hour of education per session). Control group only received the first class of education. Measurement tools were 20-item menstrual knowledge scale and 12-item women's genito-urinary hygiene scale. Pretest and post-test questionnaires were administered. Results: There were significant differences in menstrual knowledge as well as menstrual self-management behavior between the two groups. The experimental group showed significant improvement in both menstrual knowledge score (t=13.37, p<.001) and menstrual self-management behavior score (t=8.38, p<.001) than the control group. Conclusion: Results of this study suggest that the monthly self-management education program is effective in increasing the knowledge of menstruation of female high school students and enhancing their performance. This program needs to be implemented as a part of high school's standard sex education. Further study is needed to analyze follow-up effects of the program on self-management behavior of students after at least one menstrual cycle.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.256-263
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of hand moxibustion for reduction of pain during menstruation. Method: Fifteen women were selected as subjects and data collection was conducted from September to December 2003. The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Digital Infrared Thermotraphic Image (DITI) were used to measure the degree of pain and body heat. Result: The results showed that there was a significant reduction of pain during menstruation when hand moxibustion was performed. Also, there were significant differences in the change of body heat. These were left hands (Z=-2.805, p=.005), right hands (Z=-2.805, p=.005) and lower abdomen (Z=-2.803, p=.005). Conclusion: It was found that hand moxibustion decreased pain during menstruation and increased body heat. Therefore, hand moxibustion may be a good method for intervention to decrease pain during menstruation.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.124-130
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• 2010

Purpose: The aim of the study was to investigate menstrual cycle phase differences in Heart Rate Variability(HRV) in dysmenorrhea patients. Methods: 16 dysmenorrhea patients were enrolled. The severity of dysmenorrhea was measured by Visual Analog Scale(VAS). Recordings for HRV analysis were obtained during the two phases of the menstrual cycle (follicular phase 4~10 days and luteal phase 18~23 days from the start of bleeding). Results: No measure of HRV was significantly different between two menstrual cycle phases. Conclusion: We concluded that menstrual cycle was not significantly associated with changes in autonomic nervous system as measured by HRV in dysmenorrhea patients.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.125-133
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• 2006

Purpose: This study was performed to identify the relationship between PMS and sex role. Method: Data were collected from 417 female college students in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do area during the period from the 6th of September to the 15th of October in 2004. Collected data were analyzed using SPSS WIN 11.0. Result: The results of this study were as follows: 1) Perceived subjective symptoms were clustered endogenous depressive feature ($2.76{\pm}.97$), anxiety ($2.76{\pm}1.09$), and impulsivity ($2.72{\pm}1.02$). 2) PMS was significantly different according to the general characteristics of menarche age (F=5.910, p=.003), pain (F=7.886. p=.000) and family history (F=5.366, p=.005), masculinity was significantly different according to menarche age (F=3.174, p=.043), and femininity was significantly different according to menarche age (F=3.742, p=.025) and pain (F=3.256. p=.040). 3) Femininity and PMS were in a positive correlation with each other (r=.623. p=.000). Conclusion: This results showed that there is a significant correlation between PMS and sex role. For future research, it is recommended to identify major factors affecting PMS and the relationships between them and various subjects.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.109-116
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• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of hand acupuncture therapy on dysmenorrhea(pain, related symptoms, ADL). Method: A quasi experimental pre-test and post-test design(experimental group 20, control group 20 by convenience assignment) was used. Data were collected from March to October 2004. The experimental group participated in the treatment(acupuncture & moxibustion on A1(haeum), A4(jaso), A5(samsin), A6(samcho), A8(sinje), A12(wijung), A16(simgyeok), F4(gongson), F6(eumryeom) and ALTENS which is an acupuncture like transcutaneous nerve stimulation), while the control group did not receive any treatment. Data were analyzed using the SAS programme with Fisher's exact χ2 test, paired t-test, and ANCOVA. Results: In the experimental group, pain intensity(f=33.31 p=0.00), related symptoms(t=4.06 p=0.00), ADL difficulty(t=3.85 p=0.00), and medication requirements(χ2=21.00 p=0.00) were significantly lower than those in the control group. Conclusion: These findings indicate that hand acupuncture therapy is effective for reduction of dysmenorrhea. Therefore, hand acupuncture therapy is considered as an independent nursing intervention for reducing dysmenorrhea.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.472-481
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• 2011

Purpose: The aim of the study was to identify the effects of aroma-foot-reflexology on premenstrual syndrome, dysmenorrhea and lower abdominal skin temperature of nursing students. Methods: This study used a pretest-posttest quasi-experimental study design. The participants were divided into two groups, a control group with 37 students and a treatment with 24 students. A 35 minute three times a week aroma-foot-reflexology was carried out for the treatment group. The data were analyzed using SPSS/WIN 17.0 program. Results: The results showed that aroma-foot reflexology was significantly effective in reducing premenstrual syndrome and dysmenorrhea, and raised lower abdominal skin temperature of the students. Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that aroma-foot-reflexology is an effective nursing intervention in reducing premenstrual syndrome and dysmenorrhea and in improving lower abdominal skin temperature. It is, therefore, recommended that the aroma-foot reflexology should be a clinical practice as an effective nursing intervention to reduce premenstrual syndrome and dysmenorrhea and to improve lower abdominal skin temperature of nursing students.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.27-36
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a nocturnal emission and menstruation education program using CAI for Korean elementary school children. Methods: The research design was methodological study a ISD model 4 fields into sub contents in each field of the nocturnal emission and menstruation by CD titles. And to verify the effect of the education program, performance evaluation of the educational program for structured questionnaire was conducted on 120 late school-age children on June, 2010. Results: The results of this study were as follows; Through this, developed program was proved its effectiveness in enhancing knowledge level on nocturnal emission and menstruation in late school-age children(t=14.03, p<.001, t=11.52, p<.001). Conclusion : Accordingly, this program is expected to be an educational program to be used in various educational institutes, communities, and home as well as self-study that allows children themselves to study repeatedly, choosing the contents they want, whenever they hope as an educational program on nocturnal emission and menstruation in school-age children. In addition, it is suggested that various fields of programs should develop in consideration of early sexual maturity.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.801-808
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• 2004

Purpose: This study was aimed to identify the effect of self-foot reflexology on the relief of premenstrual syndrome and dysmenorrhea in high school girls. Method: Study subjects was 236 women residing in the community, teachers and nurses who were older than 45 were recruited. Data was collected with self administered questionnaires from July 1st to August 31 st, 2003 and analysed using SPSS/WIN 10.0 with Xtest, t-test, and stepwise multiple logistic regression at a significant level of =.05. Result: The breast cancer screening rate was 57.2%, and repeat screening rate was 15.3%. With the multiple logistic regression analysis, factors associated with mammography screening were age and perceived barriers of action, and factors related to the repeat mammography screening were education level and other cancer screening experience. Conclusion: Based on the results, we recommend the development of an intervention program to decrease the perceived barrier of action, to regard mammography as an essential test in regular check-up, and to giveactive advertisement and education to the public to improve the rates of breast cancer screening and repeat screening.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.113-116
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• 2008

Baekgroud and Objectives: The study was purposed to evaluate the relationship between the voice change and the menstrual cycle by measuring the variation of subjective and objective parameters. Materials and Methods: Prospective study of 13 healthy women during 2 mentrual cycles. Their voices were recorded at follicular phase and then luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. We used both single vowel /a/ and sentences for evaluate acoustic parameters. Aerodynamic parameters were also evaluated. Voice handicap index (VHI), and the presence of premenstrual syndromes (PMS) were checked at each period. We used Wilcoxon's signed rank test to compare the parameters of two periods. Results: VHI were 5.1 at both periods (p=0.146) and 92.3% of women were diagnosable with PMS. There were no significant differences in acoustic parameters and aerodynamic parameters between the two periods. Conclusion: This study shows that not only the subjective but also the objective changes of the voice parameters did not exist during the menstrual cycle in women.