• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.89 no.4
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• pp.522-526
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• 2000

We tried to mass-propagate Prunus yedoensis from Jeju through tissue culture. We investigated the effect of bud collection time, the concentration of $NH_4NO_3$ in media and plant growth regulators(BAP, $GA_3$ and IBA) on the differentiation of winter buds. Buds, taken in February, flushed well regardless of various in vitro conditions. Bud flushing rate was significantly different depending on the collection time. BAP appeared to be effective on bud flushing. Sixty percent of buds taken in October flushed on the media containing $3.0mg/{\ell}$ BAR. No buds flushed on the medium supplemented with IBA. Buds, after flushing in BAP media, grew as foliated shoots and showed a rosette of leaves. When $GA_3$ supplemented to the BAP-containing media as a higher concentration than that of BAP, shoots elongated and developed into normal shoots. The combination of BAP $1.0mg/{\ell}$ and $GA_3$ $2.0mg/{\ell}$ is most recommendable for shoot elongation.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.97-104
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• 2017

For the restoration of lateral connectivity between channel and floodplain, it is important to find the former floodplain and to characterize its land use in streams which were channelized by the levee construction for the flood protection. The aim of this study is to map the former floodplains and to assess its land use pattern in the Cheongmi-cheon Stream, Korea. The former floodplains were explored by being overlapped on a digital elevation model (DEM), digital topographic map and design flood level using a geographical information system (GIS) in the Cheongmi-cheon Stream basin. The land use of the identified former floodplains was classified by land-use map. The total number of the former floodplains was 104 and their total area was $11.9km^2$ in the Cheongmi-cheon Stream. The land use pattern of the former floodplains was mostly farmland (87.1%). The former floodplains were usually surrounded by mountain forest in the downstream of the Cheongmi-cheon Stream. These former floodplains are probably suitable for restoration of lateral connectivity because of lower ratio of urban area but higher ratio of farmland. The results of delineation and land use analysis of the former floodplain can be used as a baseline data for planning stream restoration in the Cheongmi-cheon Stream.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.39-44
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• 1985

These studies were conducted to compare the nutritive values and optimum prices of eggs among 6 groups of different egg Weight. With the total of 100 eggs of each weight group, after the weight percentage of egg yolk, albumen and shell in the whole egg were investigated, protein and fat contents of e99 yolk and albumen were analyzed. and then protein and fat contents in the whole eggs were calculated. Finally, the optimum prices of eggs in relation to the egg weight were studied on the basis of egg weight, protein content and protein plus fat contents of eggs, respectively. The results obtained are summarized as follows; 1. As the egg weight (X, g/10 eggs) increased, egg yolk (Y$_1$, %) and shell(Y$_2$, %) percentages tended to decrease, but egg albumen(Y$_3$, %) percentage increased lineally; Y$_1$=44.34-0.02X, Y$_2$=15.358-0.006 X, and Y$_3$=40.136＋0.026 X. 2. There were no significant differences in protein and fat contents of eggs among 6 different groups of egg weight. 3. Protein (Y$_1$, %), fat (Y$_2$, %) and protein plus fat (Y$_3$, %) contents in the whole eggs declined progressively as the egg weight (X, g/10 eggs) increased ; Y$_1$=11.943-0.00032X, Y$_2$=13.996-0.00614X, and Y$_3$=25.939-0.00646X. 4. Similar results were obtained whether the optimum prices of eggs were estimated on the basis of egg weight or protein content of eggs, and they were higher in the large size eggs and lower in the small size eggs than the optimum prices of eggs estimated on the basis of protein plus fat content of eggs.

• Sijohaknonchong
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• v.21
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• pp.185-206
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• 2004

We see the term in Tosan 12 songs and other poems by Leehwang. The term means 'Birds fly in the sky, Fish swim in the water.' It is important I think in that it is the point of contact between his poems and thought. There is a gap between original text of , [The way of mean (중용)] and Leehwang's understanding. It is same with Buddhism and Taoism as confucianism in the idea that we cannot describe the Ultimate into the human language. is the very confucian way of that. But Leewhang has the peculiar idea that it can't pass over the Moral state even though its meaning is over the human language.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.126-140
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• 2001

The influence of small urban parks(green ratio is 100%) on the temperature pattern over the urban and its surrounding area was examined by analyzing the case of in and around Changkyeong palace, Changdeok plalace and Jongmyo, Jongro-gu, Seoul. The pattern of temperature over urban parks and their surrounding built-up area was analyzed from September to November 2000, measuring maximum and minimum temperatures with fixed sensors(maximum and minimum thermometer)and real-time temperature depends largely on both the land-use type and the distance from the park border. In the case of maximum temperature, the lowest value appeared on the green area within parks and the highest value on the built-up area far from the green area. The maximum temperature difference between parks and built-up areas was up to $7.3^{\circ}C$. In the built-up area, the maximum temperature of commercial areas was higher than residential areas. In the night time, not only land-use type but also topography is important for the spatial distributlon of temperature because of the cold airflow from adjacet hills. The horizontal temperature profile by mobile measurement is also related to land-use type and to the distance from the park borders. There is a magnitude of $1^{\circ}C$ temperture difference over a distance of 200m and $3~4^{\circ}C$ over a distance of 400m from the park borders.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.10
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• pp.1482-1487
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• 2011

This study evaluated the physicochemical characteristics and nutritional components of Goroshoe (Ace rmono Max.) sap related with collection periods. The changes of browning index, turbidity, pH, total acidity, organic acids, free sugar, crude protein, crude ash, and minerals were investigated. Browning index and turbidity were slightly increased, while pH and total acidity were not changed as collection periods increased. Citric acid decreased slightly from 0.081 to 0.045 mg/mL at middle collection periods. Malic acid also decreased from 0.494 to 0.416 mg/mL at middle collection periods but then afterward increased to 0.674 mg/mL as collection periods increased. Sucrose decreased from 1.759 to 1.000%, while fructose increased from 0.023 to 0.044% as collection periods increased. Crude protein increased remarkably from 0.80 to 17.49 mg% as collection periods increased. Crude ash decreased slightly from 0.04 to 0.03% at middle collection periods, and then increased afterward to 0.06% as collection periods increased. Potassium increased from 13.43 to 49.75 mg/L as collection periods increased. These results indicate that the useful components of Goroshoe sap increased with increasing collection periods, but turbidity could be reduced.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.591-600
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• 2010

We estimated and compared C storages and annual $CO_2$ uptakes by 9 dominant tree species planted along the streets. DBH and age by tree species were measured in the sites selected considering the planting status and distributions of tree species, and biomass, C storage, growth rate, and annual $CO_2$ uptake were estimated for each species. As a result, L. tulipifera, M. glyptostroboides, P. occidentalis were classified into fast-growing group, P. serrulata, G. biloba, Z. serrata, S. japonica, A. palmatum showed intermediate growth rates, and P. densiflora was slow-growing. Average C storage per tree was 205kgC/tree and ranged from 518kgC/tree(L. tulipifera) to 41kgC/tree(P. densiflora). Average annual $CO_2$ uptake by urban street trees over their lifespan ranged from $7.6kgCO_2$/tree/y to $99.1kgCO_2$/tree/y and L. tulipifera was the greatest, followed by glyptostroboides and P. occidentalis, and P. densiflora was the lowest. Total annual $CO_2$ uptake by all street trees in Gyeonggi-do, estimated based on the annual $CO_2$ uptake by each species, was as small as approximately 0.67% of that by forest in Gyeonggi-do. However, urban trees are still important because forest area continues to decrease and urbanization occurs annually in Gyeonggi-do, and should be managed considering their multi-functional aspects, including mitigation of heat island effect and building energy saving(indirect $CO_2$ uptake).

• The Korean Journal of Financial Studies
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.189-219
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• 2003

본 연구는 한국증권거래소의 현금배당락조치 폐지 이전과 1998년 7월 현금배당락 조치 폐지 이후의 표본을 이용하여 인위적인 거래소의 배당락조치 변경이 배당락일의 주가행태에 미치는 효과를 분석하였다. 실증분석 결과 현금배당락조치 폐지 이후 거래소 배당락기준가격의 오차는 예상대로 더욱 확대된 것으로 나타났다. 두 기간 모두 배당락일의 주가가 금기예상실효배당금과 거래소가 배당락조치를 위해 인위적으로 산정한 배당금과의 차이인 거래소 배당락기준가격의 오차를 반영할 수 없었다. 또한, 김성민(1997)과 일관되게 단기차익 거래의 유용성은 표본그룹에 관계없이 금기예상실효배당금에 대한 정보소유자가 연말 폐장일에 배당부종가로 구입하여 배당락일인 연초 개장일에 배당락 종가로 매도하는 것이 배당락 시가로 매도하는 것보다 더 효과적임을 알 수 있었다. 그리고, 이러한 차익거래를 통한 보유기간 세후 수익률은 현금배당락조치 폐지 이전인 1997년(4.7%)에 비해 현금배당락조치 폐지 이후 현금배당락을 시키지 않은 $1998{\sim}1999$년(8.9%) 기간에 더 증가하였다. 단기차익을 위한 차익거래가 실질적으로 이루어 졌는지 연초 배당락일 주변의 초과거래량을 분석한 결과 $1997{\sim}1998$ 회계년도의 배당락일에는 유의적인 양(+)의 초과거래량이 발생하였지만 1999 회계년도의 배당락일에는 유의적인 음(-)의 초과거래량이 발생하여 이에 대한 결론을 내릴 수 없었다. 본 연구는 금기예상현금배당에 대한 완전예측을 가정함으로써 배당락일의 주가하락과 주주총회에서 실현될 주당배당금의 괴리는 차익을 제공할 수 있으나 무위험 차익거래 기회가 아님을 밝혀 둔다.효과적인 것으로 판단되었다. 조사한 모든 일중 및 1일(overnight) 투자수익률에서 옵션 거래량의 상대적 비율에 의거한 투자전략은 통계적으로 유의한 투자수익률의 차이를 가져왔다.e 측정치에 의해 평가했을 때, 회사채가 주식보다 더 우수한 것으로 평가되었으나 Treynor 측정치에 의한 평가를 했을 때는 정기예금이 가장 우수했다. 그리고 Jensen 측정치에 따라 투자대상을 평가했을 때는 회사채와 국채가 주식보다 앞섰다. 마지막으로, 종합적인 평가를 했을 때는 회사채가 주식보다 우수했고 정기예금은 주식과 동일한 수준으로 평가되었다. 유의성은 없었다.의 선도효과가 지배적임을 발견하였다.적 일정하게 하는 소비행동을 목표로 삼고 소비와 투자에 대한 의사결정을 내리고 있음이 실증분석을 통하여 밝혀졌다. 투자자들은 무위험 자산과 위험성 자산을 동시에 고려하여 포트폴리오를 구성하는 투자활동을 행동에 옮기고 있다.서, Loser포트폴리오를 매수보유하는 반전거래전략이 Winner포트폴리오를 매수보유하는 계속거래전략보다 적합한 전략임을 알 수 있었다. 다섯째, Loser포트폴리오와 Winner포트폴리오를 각각 투자대상종목으로써 매수보유한 반전거래전략과 계속거래 전략에 대한 유용성을 비교검증한 Loser포트폴리오와 Winner포트폴리오 각각의 1개월 평균초과수익률에 의하면, 반전거래전략의 Loser포트폴리오가 계속거래전략의 Winner포트폴리오보다 약 5배정도의 높은 1개월 평균초과수익률을 실현하였고, 반전거래전략의 유용성을 충분히 발휘하기 위하여 장단기의 투자기간을 설정할 경우에 6개월에서 36개월로 이동함에 따라 6개월부터 24개월까지는 초과수익률이 상승하지만, 이후로는 감소하므로, 반전거래전략을

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.357-367
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• 2018

Purpose: Because of recent global and domestic issues regarding the safety of food, there is growing concern over food safety and interest in the country-of-origin for food ingredients from restaurants. This study was conducted to reveal the influence of consumer level of knowledge and awareness regarding restaurants and the country-of-origin labeling. Methods: To accomplish this, a primary survey of adults aged over 20 years old was conducted to measure customers' knowledge regarding country-of-origin labeling for restaurants. Respondents were then divided into a lower group and an upper group based on their level of knowledge to evaluate significant differences between groups. A total of 437 of 460 questionnaires were analyzed. Results: The average knowledge score regarding country-of-origin labeling for restaurants was 6.3 out of 10. Additionally, there were significant differences between the lower and upper group in terms of the final education level and occupation. Conclusion: It is necessary to develop guidelines and public relations for country-of-origin labeling of restaurants.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.101-110
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• 2011

The objective of this study is to classify the characteristics of green landscapes in suburban cities and identify methods for managing them. The study site is Matsudo city in the outskirts of Tokyo, Japan. All the greenery in Matsudo was categorized into different landscape patterns using spatial analysis and field surveys. Afterwards, assessments of green landscapes were conducted using questionnaire surveys and factor analyses. There are a variety of green landscapes in Matsudo, formed by a number of different reasons such as urban planning, topographical characters and socio-cultural environments. Twenty different green landscape patterns were identified in Matsudo. The survey concluded that green landscape patterns of parks and rivers in Urbanization Control Areas are more attractive than patterns of farmland or forest in residential areas. Three major factors influenced perceptions: legibility, intimacy and the locality on the landscape assessment. Urban farmland and urban forest are two characteristics of suburban cities, and these green landscapes relate to intimacy or localities in a regional image. Finally, based on the results of this study, some implications were discussed for a green master plan and green landscape management.