• Title/Summary/Keyword: 詩歌

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Wood Biomass Production of Twelve Tree Species in Coppice Plantations Managed Under 1-, 2- and 3- year Rotations (12수종(樹種)에 대(対)한 단벌기(短伐期) 맹아림(萌芽林)의 Biomass 생산(生産))

  • Hyun, Young Il;Kim, Jae Hun;Han, Young Chang;Lee, Kyung Joon
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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    • v.55 no.1
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    • pp.30-36
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    • 1982
  • Wood biomass production at 1-year, 2-year, and 3-year rotations on both low and upper hills at 2m 2m spacing (25,000 trees/ha) was studied for a six-year period with following 12 species; Lespedeza cyrtobotrya Amorpha fruticosa. Robinia pseudoacacia, Acer saccharinum, Platanus orientalis Populus alba ${\times}$ P. glandulosa $F_1$, Salix alba, Pinus rigida, Alnus hirsuta var. sibirica, A. inokumai A. gultinosa, and A. incana. In One-year rotation, Lespedeza cyrtobotrya produced largest amoung of biomass (2.6 t/ha/year, fresh weight) and Populus alba ${\times}$ P. glandulosa $F_1$ the second largest (2.2 t/ha/year) on low hill. In two-year rotation, the latter produced the largest amount (4.8 t/ha/year) and Alnus hirsuta var. sibirica second largest (2.8 t/ha/year) on low hill. In three-year rotation, the largest weight (11.2 t/ha/year) was produced by Robinia pseudoacacia and the second largest (6.2 t/ha/year) by Alnus hirsuta var. sibirica on low hill Amorpha fruticosa, Acer saccharinum, Platanus orientalis and Salix alba were not suitable for biomass or fuelwood productio due to poor growth. Biomass yield on upper hill was reduced considerably for all tewlve species, with less than 4 t/year at maximum Only nitrogen fixing species (Robinia and Alnus species) are recommended on upper hill for biomass production wood sprouting ability of species was generally associated with good biomass production. Calori values of ovendry wood ranged from 4,485 cal/g for Salix alba to 5,125 cal/g for Alnus glutinosa. For maximum biomass production a three-year ratation with coppice is preferred to one-year and two-year roataions The best species appeared to be Robinia pseudoacacia and Alnus hirsuta var sibirica.

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A Survey on the Pesticide Residues on Agricultural Products on the Markets in Incheon Area from 2003 to 2005 (인천광역시 유통 농산물의 최근 3년간의 잔류농약 실태 조사연구)

  • Jeon, Jong-Sup;Kwon, Moon-Joo;O, Se-Heung;Nam, Hwa-Jung;Kim, Hye-Young;Go, Jong-Myoung;Kim, Yong-Hee
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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    • v.25 no.2
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    • pp.180-189
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    • 2006
  • This survey was done to investigate the pesticide residues on agricultural products on the markets in Incheon area from 2003 to 2005. A total of 10,431 samples was analyzed the residues by GC. The violation rates of the samples over maximum residue limits (MRLs) of pesticide residues established by Korean Food and Drug Administration (KFDA) in the survey of 2003, 2004 and 2005 were 1.3%, 0.9%, and 1.2%, respectively. The rate from the samples of 2005 surveyed in general wholesale markets was 3.1%, whereas that from agricultural wholesale market was 0.93%. Of the total violated samples, more than 70% of the rates were recorded from the samples of Gyeonggi-do and Incheon area in 2003 and 2004. However, the rates from Gyeonggi-do and Incheon in 2005 were remarkably reduced to 25.6% and 23.3%, respectively. Most commonly encountered agricultural commodity over MRLs was crown daisy. Positively detected pesticides were 12, 17 and 32 in the survey of 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively. The pesticides detected yearly over MRLs during three years were chlorothalonil, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, endosulfan, procymidone. Decreasing tendency in detected and violated rates of the residues was observed in chlorpyrifos and diazinon, while increasing tendency in detected rates was recorded in chlorothalonil, endosulfan, procymidone.

Effect of Herbicide Application on Weed Control and Forage Production in Alpine Grassland Predominated with Red Sorrel(Rumex acetosella L.) (애기수영이 우점한 고랭지 목초지에 제초제의 처리가 잡초방제 및 목초생육에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim, Y.K.;Chung, C.W.;Choi, Y.S.;Lim, Y.C.;Han , S.Y.;Na, K.J.
    • Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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    • v.45 no.5
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    • pp.865-874
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    • 2003
  • Red sorrel, as one of exotic weeds in Korea, was introduced along with imported cereals for concentrate feed or within the seed for forage production. The plant was dominated in grassland and reduced the quality of forage. In particular, this weed cause severe problem in alpine grassland. This study was carried out to investigate the effect and response of red sorrel and forage crops by foliar and soil applied herbicide application. Mecoprop(MCPP) and pendimethaline were selected by pre-field experiment trials and applied to control the red sorrel in grassland. Herbicidal activity of MCPP was 77.2% at 500$m\ell$/10a level and 82.8% at 750$m\ell$/10a level. However, seeds of red sorrel from bare land formed after foliar applied herbicide treatment were germinated and covered bare land. Pendimethalin was not reduced the rhizome growth grown from red sorrel root but retarded seedling growth of germinated red sorrel. The herbicidal activity of pendimethalin to the red sorrel seedling was 83.0%. 2 times application of MCPP at the rate of 750$m\ell$/10a was effective to control of red sorrel regrown from root and herbicidal activity was 93.2%. MCPP and pendimethaline treatment was not reduced growth of grass and have no herbicidal injury to forage crop seedling. Amount of MCPP and pendimethalin remained in grass plant was decreased from 20 days after herbicide treatment and could not be problem in livestock feeding.

Properties of Water Quality and Land Use at the Rural Area in the Nakdong River Watershed (낙동강수계 농촌유역의 토지이용 및 수질 특성)

  • Kim, Jin-Ho;Kim, Chan-Yong;Lee, Seong-Tae;Choi, Chul-Mann;Jung, Goo-Bok;Lee, Jong-Sik;Kim, Won-Il
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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    • v.26 no.2
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    • pp.99-106
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    • 2007
  • This study was focused on understanding the agricultural non-point sources pollution in 72 rural catchments of Nakdong river watershed from 2001 to 2005 every two year. Also. Pearson correlations between water quality and basin characteristic were computed. Water quality of this study watershed was better in 2003 than any other period. The water quality of upstream was recorded from 0.040 to 0.510 dS/m in EC, from 3.55 to 22.60 mg/L in DO, from 0.32 to 16.64 mg/L in T-N, from 0.00 to 12.21 mg/L in $NO_3-N$, from 0.000 to 0.860 mg/L in T-P, and from 0.000 to 0.640 mg/L in $PO_4-P$. A the downstream, EC was measured from 0.030 to 0.520 dS/m, DO from 4.13 to 18.36 mg/L, T-N from 0.38 to 26.88 mg/L, $NO_3-N$ from 0.10 to 20.12 mg/L, T-P from 0.002 to 0.820 mg/L, $PO_4-P$ from 0.002 to 0.690 mg/L. But there was no difference between upstream and downstream for the water quality. Based on the correlation analysis between water quality and land use, correlation between BOD and residential was the highest positive correlation of 0.541 (p<0.01), and correlation between $PO_4-P$ and forest was the highest negative correlation of -0.451 (p<0.01). Also, T-N, $NO_3-N$, and pH were not correlated with all basin characteristics and basin was not correlated with all water quality parameter. According to the correlation residential was causative of growing worst for water quality, and forest was causative of improving for water quality.

Chemical Components and Antioxidant Activity of Persimmon (Diospyros Kaki Thunb) Leaves (감잎의 품종별 화학성분과 항산화활성)

  • 정경미;강가화;권민경;송인규;조두현;추연대
    • Food Science and Preservation
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    • v.11 no.2
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    • pp.175-181
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    • 2004
  • As a foundational study for notifing excellence of persimmon leaves tea, the chemical component and antioxidant activity were investigated in persimmon leaves from Dungsi, Gabjubaekmok, Weulhasi and Cheongdobansi and green tea leaves. Total sugar contents in all persimmon leaves more higher than that of green tea leaves, and the highest free sugar contained in persimmon and green tea leaves was sucrose. Free sugars present in persimmon and green tea leaves were composed of sucrose, glucose, fructose, maltose and xylose. Sucrose and fructose took more than 70% of total sugar contents. 31∼32 kinds of amino acid were detected in persimmon leaves and 35 kinds in green tea leaves. And total amino acids contained in persimmon leaves were Dungsi, Gabjubaekmok, Weulhasi and Cheongdobansi, respectively 60.40 nmol/${\mu}$L, 53.21 nmol/${\mu}$L, 52.29 nmol/${\mu}$L and 47.58 nmol/${\mu}$L. Total amino acid contents in green tea leaves was the most abundant of all as 114.72 nmol/${\mu}$L. The contents of vitamin C in persimmon and green tea leaves were in the range of 0.015∼0.089% and 0.01%, respectively. Vitamin C was significant higher content in the persimmon leaves than in green tea leaves. Caffeine was not detected in all persimmon leaves, but the caffeine content of green tea leaves was 6.63 mg/l00 g. The content of catechin was showed in the orders of Cheongdobansi, Gabjubaekmok, Weulhasi, Dungsi and green tea leaves; 0.35%, 0.34%, 0.24%, 0.18% and 0.07%, respectively. The contents of gallic acid in Dungsi and Gabjubaekmok were 0.32% and 0.20%. That of green tea was 1.41%, it was the highest content in all samples. The content of calcium in Chengdobansi was most abundant in all samples as 3516.14 ppm, it was 4∼5 times as that of green tea leaves. Flavor component pattern among persimmon leaves was similar, but that of green tea leaves was different. The IC50(${\mu}$g) value of Dungsi, Weulhasi, Gabjubaekmok, Cheongdobansi and green tea were 64.5, 42.0, 47.0, 64.0 and 19.0 respectively.

The Studies on the Bionomics of the Florida Wax Scale, Ceroplastes floridensis Comstock(Coccidae) on Persimmon Tree (감나무에 기생하는 Ceroplastes floridensis Comstock(Coccidae)의 생태에 관하여)

  • Han Kyo Pil;Lee Eui Soon
    • Korean journal of applied entomology
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    • v.3
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    • pp.31-39
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    • 1964
  • The authors studied on the bionomics of the Florida wax scale, Ceroplastes floridensis Comstock and bionomics of two kind of parasites which attack on this Florida wax scale in 1963 to 1964. 1. Ceroplastes floridensis Comstock was heavily infested on the persimmon tree planted in the southern part of Korea, specially at the center of Taegu city. Parasitic ratio of important parasite of Ceroplastes floridensis Comstock, Microterys clauseni was $66.67\%$ and appeared low parasited ratio at the center of the city. 2. The developed eggs of the Ceroplastes floridensis Comstock was appear며 from mid-May to early July. The peak of it was late-May to early June. Average stored eggs inside of a body is 2030. $2030.77\pm0.49.$. 3. The hatching period of the Ceroplastes floridensis Comstock begins from early June to early July. Mid-June was the peak period of it. Pupation period of the male was August 14 to September 7 and adult was emerged on August 20 to September 8. Mean longevity for adult male was 3 days in August but 4 days in September. 4. On the differences of the body- length parasited on the three host plants, persimmon, platanus, and trifoliate orange, the body length parasited on the persimmon was the largest, medium on platanus and the smallest on the trifoliate orange. 5. Microterys clauseni H. Compere parasite on tile Ceroplastes floridensis Comstock with 5 generations in a year. Hibernate in the body of the host as tan·at stage. The first adult appears in middle April. Fifteen days was required for one generation in $21^{\circ}$. The authors observed on the form ovary, female with 6 ovarioles, and mean number of eggs per female was $47.19\pm0.55$. 6. On the parasited individuals of the Microterys clauseni H. Compere a larva was the most numerous and was found 2 individuals or 4 individuals parasite on the one Ceroplastes floridensis Comstock. 7. Coccophagus app. parasited on the only male body of the Ceroplastes floridensis Comstock. The parasitic ratio was $14.831\%$ on persimmon tree in Taegu city.

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Saseol-sijo singing aspect of current Gagok (현행 가곡의 사설시조 가창 양상)

  • Kim, Young-Woon
    • Sijohaknonchong
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    • v.43
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    • pp.5-39
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    • 2015
  • Shijo (Korean poetic form) is a representative literature genre of a short poem among the literary works of Korea in the late Chosen Dynasty. The format of Sijo is Normal-Shijo in the form of 3 verses, 6 sections and 12 sound, and the lyrics of one Normal-Shijo has within or without 45 words. But Saseol-sijo, a type of Sijo, there is a work that has more than 100 letters due to the number of lyrics were a lot increased. Among those Saseol-sijo there is a work with 'solemn and elegant feeling' borrowing some verses even from Chinese poem, using a lot of Chinese vocabulary, but there are a lot of works with 'salacious and explicit contents'. Literary work, Shijo, is used for lyrics of vocal music as Gagok (a genre of Korean vocal music for mixed female and male voices) and Sijochang, however, there are many cases that the same Sijo poem is used as lyrics of Gagok and Shijo. But those music that use Saseol-sijo as lyrics among Gagok, the vocal music, are mainly songs with 'solemn feeling' rather than 'salacious work'. This study looked into the reason why the Saseol-sijo with 'salacious and explicit contents' are hard to be used as lyrics in Gagok, confirming the fact that most music singing Saseol-sijo among Gagok that are being handed down till now use lyrics with 'solemn and elegant feeling'. The most important thing among those reasons seems to be irregularly increasing lyrics, and in accordance with accompaniment. Gagok accompanys a number of instruments the fixed melody recorded and delivered in score. So it's almost impossible to play unless it depends on the steadily made song melody and accompaniment melody according to the chosen lyrics in advanced. Also, appreciation of literary works is usually made privately through a private reading activity, but Gagok is conducted through public performance in an open space for many people. Especially, it would have been hard to sing a salacious and explicit song gathered together with men and women of different social status in social system and custom of the late of Chosen Dynasty. This study confirmed the fact that folksy and popular character that was praised for literary characteristic of Saseol-sijo can't be easily found from Saseol-sijo that was called Gagok.

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A Study on the Rhythm of Sijo Using Prosodie Analysis - Centering on < Ouga > by Seon-do Yun - (프로조디(prosodie) 분석을 통한 시조의 가락 고찰 시론(試論) - 윤선도(尹善道)의 <오우가(五友歌)>를 대상으로 -)

  • Kim, Seong-Moon
    • Sijohaknonchong
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    • v.43
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    • pp.41-66
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    • 2015
  • A study on rhythm of a sijo was mostly conducted based on rhythm theory. As it is considered to define the rhythm of a formal sijo based on three verses, its significance has been recognized. However, if rhythm is understood to be superior to cadence or versification, it seems necessary to examine the rhythm of a sijo as a verse with a fixed form as well as a highly individual rhythm of each and every lyric poet, which is informal rhythm, in order to fully understand them. In this case, prosodie analysis by H. Meschonnic (1932~ 2009) can be a significant methodology. As this study gropes for a possibility to examine the rhythm of a sijo from a new perspective instead of existing rhythm theory through the application of H. Meschonnic's prosodie analysis, it can be regarded as an essay. Prosodie newly suggested by Meschonnic is referred to as linguistic organization of consonants and vowels and indication of their paradigm, and it conflicts the perspective that traditionally separates linguistic sound from meaning for dichotomous understanding. It is due to the fact that the organization of consonants and vowels is a unit that constitutes a complicated layer of significant sound and meaning. Accordingly, prosodie analysis that is irregularly and aperiodically distributed within poetic text can be considered as methodology aimed at explaining how a poem is integrated in terms of sound and semantics. The core of prosodie analysis is to examine how the phonologic system stands against the theme of a poem. It ultimately has the same way of establishing literary style of a poet as it is to explain a unique aesthetic structure that individual poems have and show distinct characteristics of linguistic use by a poet. Prior to application of the prosodie analysis to sijo in general, the study preparatorily conducted prosodie analysis on < Ouga > by Gosan Seon-do Yun.

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A Study on the Standard Land Price and Just Compensation (공공수용 적정보상지가에 관한 분석)

  • LEE, Hojun;KIM, Hyungtai;JEONG, Dongho
    • KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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    • v.34 no.3
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    • pp.1-29
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    • 2012
  • Based on the spatial and land price data of innovation cities and their periphery areas in Korea, this study examines the degree and timing of changes in land price in relation to projects concerning innovation city. The study result confirms that the current system is inconsistent with the principle of restitution of development gain and therefore, this study attempts to seek improvement measures so that the current system can better fit the principle. The analysis reveals that most innovation cities, excluding Sinseo-dong of Daegu and Ujeong-dong of Ulsan, recorded a statistically significant increase in land prices since 2005, compared to those of their neighboring areas. It can be said that the information related to projects concerning innovation city was reflected in the land price since 2005. However, the standard land price pursuant to Article 70 of the Land Compensation Act is the officially assessed land price released on 1st of January 2007, and this official land price was actually applied to the compensation process. Therefore, estimating the compensation amount for land expropriation based on this land price will contradict the principle of restitution of development gain. In other words, despite the fact that development-related information was already reflected in land prices of innovation cities from 2005 to the end of 2006, the compensation process were carried out without institutional arrangements or efforts to exclude such reflection. To solve this problem, this study makes two suggestions. First, it is necessary to cast aside the limitations of the official land price that can be retroactively applied in accordance with Paragraph 5 of Article 70 of the Land Compensation Act, and instead apply the land price which is the most latest but deemed to have no reflection of development gains. Based on this revised standard land price, if the compensation amount is corrected by the average inflation rate and the average rate of increase in land price during the period until the time of the recognized land price, the amount would better satisfy the principle of restitution of development gain. Second, it is necessary to clearly stipulate the standards of development gains being reflected on the land price by including it in the secondary legislation. Under the current system, it is highly likely that appraiser's arbitrary interpretation on development gains is included in the process of calculating the amount of compensation for land expropriation. In this regard, it is necessary to improve the standards on determining whether development gains are reflected based on the results of this academic research and the existing guidelines for appraisal of compensation for land expropriation published by the Korea Association of Property Appraisers.

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A Study On the Geographic Locations of Dongcheons(洞天) in Gyeongsang-Do (경상도지역 동천(洞天)의 위치 조사 연구)

  • Kang, Kee-Rae;Lee, Hae-Ju;Bae, Jun-Gyu;Kim, Hee-Chae;Kim, Chang-Jun;Lee, Hyun-Chae;Kim, Dong-Phil;Kim, Cha-Kwon
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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    • v.36 no.3
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    • pp.16-25
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    • 2018
  • Initially from the Taoist scriptures, 'Dongcheon' is a term that can be regarded as a symbolic place in the real world for the enlightened ones who received relief and peace by restoring the human nature taught in the Confucian school. The long for an ideal world apart from the reality embodied as the labeling some places 'Dongcheon,' and the term was used to refer to a scenery where the ideal fairyland is reproduced. Besides, 'Dongcheon' was a term often used by Confucian scholars for various purposes including the attachment to the nearby landscapes, expressing homogeneity and superiority through placeness and the beautification of settlement spaces. This paper is the result of a field study on 'Dongcheon' in the Gyeongsang-Do. The research was conducted from March to August 2018, and we carried out firsthand location surveys on Dongcheons, of which some were lost, others were fairly preserved, and still others could not be located as only their existences were passed down orally. According to the field survey, there were total 111 inscriptions or engravings on the plates in Gyeongsang-Do that include the term 'Dongcheon.' There were 79 'Dongcheon' inscriptions confirmed in the Gyeongsangbuk-Do region: twenty in Yeongju-City, sixteen in Bonghwa-Gun, eleven in Andong-City and seven in Yeongyang-Gun and Ulgin-Gun. Among them, two were in the form of a wooden sign, and six were erected as rock signposts. Fourteen stops reported in the literature were lost or unidentified. Also, among the sixteen signs in Bonghwa-Gun, nine were cursive engravings. Meanwhile, there were 26 Dongcheon inscriptions in the Gyeongsangnam-Do region. Hamyang-Gun and Sancheong-Gun anf Hadong-Gun each housed three inscriptions, and seven places were in the form of rock signposts. 'Hwagaedongcheon' and 'Geumsandongcheon' could not be identified in inscriptions although they appear in Jibong Yuseol and Taengniji with stories of Choi Chiwon. The significance of this study is as a reference for future researches in traditional scenery, epigraphs, or as primary data that helps cultural exploration in the region.