• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.377-382
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• 2012

CdS thin films have been widely used as a buffer layer of CIGS semiconductor solar cells to reduce the lattice mismatch between transparent electrode and absorber layer. In order to prepare the CdS films with high transparency and low resistivity, they were deposited by varying Cd concentration with the constant S concentration in the solution using chemical bath deposition method. They were analyzed in terms of structural, optical and electrical properties of CdS films according to the $[S^{2-}]/[Cd^{2+}]$ ratio. In the case of Cd concentration higher than S concectration, CdS thin films were formed mainly by cluster- by-cluster formation due to the homogeneous reaction between Cd and S in the solution. Therefore the grain size increased and the transmittance decreased. On the other hand, in the case of Cd concentration lower than S concentration, CdS films were formed by heterogeneous reaction on the substrate rather than in the solution. The CdS films have the grains with the uniform circular shape of a few hundreds ${\AA}$. As the Cd concentration increased in the solution, the $[S^{2-}]/[Cd^{2+}]$ ratio decreased and the resistivity decreased by the increase in the carrier concentration due to the formation S vacancy by the excess Cd.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.228-236
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to evaluate fish metric attributes using a model of Lentic Ecosystem Health Assessment (LEHA) and apply the model to the dataset sampled from six sites of Namyang Reservoir during October 2005$\sim$May 2006. The model was composed of 11 metries and the metric attributes were made of physical, chemical and biological parameters. Trophic composition's metrics showed that tolerant species ($M_3$, 80%) and omnivore species ($M_4$, 92%) dominated the fish fauna, indicating a biological degradation in the aquatic ecosystem. The metric of $M_7$, relative proportions of exotic species, also showed greater than 8% of the total, indicating a ecological disturbance. The average value of LEHA model was 24.3 (n= 12) in the reservoir, indicating a "poor condition" by the criteria of An and Han (2007). Spatial variation based on the model values was low (range: $21{\sim}26$), and temporal variation occurred due to a monsoon rainfall. Electrical conductivity (EC) and tropic state index of chlorophyll-$\alpha$ [TSI(CHL)] was greater in the premonsoon than the postmonsoon.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.101-106
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• 2011

One hundred and forty-four cross-bred market pigs weighing approximately 110 kg were randomly divided into four groups in a 2 (handling stress; minimal vs stimulated) ${\times}$ 2 (transport vehicle type; enclosed box vs conventional open) factorial arrangement of treatments. The stimulated handling stress group received overally rough handling including electric prod stimulation during loading, transport and lairage at least once at each step. All the animals received 3-h lairage prior to slaughter. Blood and longissimus dorsi muscle (LM) samples were taken at slaughter and after overnight chilling of the carcass, respectively. Plasma concentrations of stress indicators glucose, cortisol, creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase were greater in the stimulated vs minimal handling stress group. There were no interactions between the handling stress and transport vehicle type in their effects on these blood variables. The incidence of pale, soft and exudative (PSE) carcass and drip loss of LM, 24-h postmortem LM pH and color including the lightness and redness were not affected by the handling stress and transport vehicle type. In conclusion, results suggest that rough handling inflicts a stimulated stress on the animal, which is manifested by increased blood concentrations of stress indicators, and therefore should be avoided for animal welfare.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.14-26
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• 1998

a- and c-raf protein kinase in the brain of rat, the protein pattern of cerebellum during postnatal development of rat by polyacryamide gel electrophoresis, and the existence of c-raf protein kinase by using Western blotting method. The results were as follows: The cytoplasm of Purkinje cells was, in general, strongly labeled with the antibodies of a- and c-raf protein kinases in the cortex regions such as Pyramis cerebelli, Unula, Nodulus, Paraflocculus, and Flocculus. C-raf protein kinase appeared stronger immunoreactivity than a-raf protein kinase. In peripheral of cytoplasm of Nucleus emboliformis, A-raf Protein kinase was labeled markedly. During postnatal development, the protein of 38,000 dalton increased gradually in the cytosolic fraction of cerebellum, and the protein of 260,600 dalton appeared in the membrane fraction of cerebellum. By immunoblotting method, the protein band of 74,000 dalton was detected in crude and cytosolic fractions, but it was not exhibited in membrane fraction, In this fact, it was identified that a - and c-raf proteins were distributed throughout neuronal cells, especially in the Purkinje cells, in normal cerebellum cortex of rat. Also, this phenomenon was assumed that raf protein kinase in cytoplasm of neuronal cell had to do with a certain functional mechanism and signal transduction of neurotransmitter as Protein kinase C.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.15 no.3 s.70
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• pp.434-438
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• 2005

In the previous study, we isolated a myulchikinase (MK), which has fibrinolytic activity and cytotoxicity to the tumor cell line, from myl- chi-jeot-gal. In this study, the effect of NaCl concentration, metallic ions, pH, temperature, and plasminogen on the activity of MK was analysed. The MK activity was maintained at least $80\%$ activity up to $30\%$ NaCl, which indicates that the enzyme may be halotolerant. The optimal pH and temperature were 8 and $40^{\circ}C$, respectively. The fibrinolytic activity of MK was completely inhibited with 0.5 mM $Hg^{2+}$ and inhibited to $50^{\circ}C$ with 1 mM $Cu^{2+}\;and\;Zn^{2+}$. The MK showed strong activity in plasminogen- rich fibrin plate but not in plasminogen-free fibrin plate. The result indicates that the MK may be a plasminogen activator type fibrinolytic enzyme.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.542-548
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• 1989

For the selective separation of proteins, the solubilization and desolubilization of proteins in sodium-di-2-ethylhexyl sulfosuccinate (AOT)-isooctane reverse micellar system were investigated. Protein solubilization increased with increasing the concentration of AOT to 200 mM and then decreased above that concentration. Protein was solubilized into reverse micelles in the pH range below the isoelectric Point of each protein, pH 4-10 for lysozyme and pH 5-6 for trypsin and ${\alpha}-chymotrypsin$, Lysozyme, trypsin and ${\alpha}-chymotrypsin$ were efficiently extracted in the precence of KCl and NaCl while larger molecular weight proteins such as pepsin and BSA had high solubilization with $CaCl_2$. At higher ionic strength all proteins exhibited murk less tendency to solubilize and the increase of ionic strength resulted in the decrease of micelle size. Lysozyme was successfully back transfered at pH 12.2 and 1.0M KCl; trypsin at pH 12.6 and 0.5M KCl; and ${\alpha}-chymotrypsin$ at pH 6.7 and 0.5M KCl. In a test group separation experiments, complete separation of lysozyme from BSA could be obtained.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.61-68
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• 1998

This research was canied out to investigate the effect of castration and injection time of sustained release recombinant bovine somatotropin(SR-rbST) on dry matter intake(DM1) and nutrient intake of surgically castrated 32 Holstein young bulls by growth stage. The main results were as follows: 1. DM intakes were not different between in bull and steer groups, but those in rbSTl and rbST2 were 7.88 and 7.65kg respectively, which were lower 6-9% compared to bull and steer groups. 2. Actual DM intake to DM requirement of Beef cattle(NRC) was 88.5~97.7%, while net energy intake was sufficient for NE requirement in all groups during all growth stage except rbST group during fmishing stage. 3. Overall mean concentrate intake to body weight in steer group was the highest as 1.94%, and then those in rbST groups were 1.87~1.89% which were higher 0.07~0.09% unit than in bull group. 4. Feed conversion ratios(DM) in bull, rbSTl and rbST2 groups were 8.29, 8.18 and 7.60kg respectively, which were improved 12.4, 13.9 and 22.6%, respectively, compared to steer group.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.281-286
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• 2005

To develop transgenic birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) plants tolerant to environmental stress, Arabidopsis NDPK gene (AtNDPK) was introduced into birdsfoot trefoil plants using Agrobacterium-mediated transformation and expressed powerfully under the control of the SWPA2 promoter. The expression vector, pCAMBIA2300 was used for introduction of AtNDPK gene into birdsfoot trefoil plants. The transformed calli were selected on kanamycin containing medium and then regenerated. The transformed birdsfoot trefoil plants were cultivated fur 4 months on BOi2Y medium. Genomic DNA PCR and Southern blot analysis confirmed the incorporation of AtNDPK into the birdsfoot trefoil genome.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.676-680
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• 2007

This research was conducted to investigate the changes in quality characteristics of cheonggukjang made with 24-hr germinated soybeans during fermentation. Our study confirmed that the pH of the 24-hr germinated soybeans was 6.7, and the value increased as fermentation progressed. The amount of viscous substances in the cheonggukjang produced with the 24-hr germinated soybeans constantly increased to 5.89% at 36 hr of fermentation, and then remained unchanged. Free sugars (raffinose, sucrose, glucose, and fructose) rapidly decreased with the fermentation process. The levels of free amino acids in the 24-hr germinated agakong and the 48-hr fermented cheonggukjang were 391.0 and 10,994.8 mg%, respectively. Glutamic acid content was highest, followed by aspartic acid, lysine, leucine, and proline. The ratio of glutamic acid to total free amino acids at 48-hr of fermentation was 18.0%. Finally, it was confirmed that the sensory evaluation score of the 24-36 hr fermented cheonggukjang, made with the 24-hr germinated soybeans, was superior to that of the 24 and 48-hr fermented cheonggukjang.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.343-349
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• 2012

Polysaccharides isolated from Korean black raspberry wine were examined for their chemical properties and immuno-modulating activities. The molecular mass of RB-1b-I, the main polysaccharide in black raspberry wine, was estimated as 180 kDa and it contained a significant proportion of mannose (76.8%) and 4 different minor component sugars such as galactose (15.8%), arabinose (3.8%), glucose (2.6%) and rhamnose (1.2%). This indicated that RB-1b-I was mainly present as a mannan, which had originated from the cell walls of fermenting yeasts. On the other hand, RB-1b-I induced high levels of macrophage activation as well as mitogenicity regarding murine splenocytes in vitro. The intravenous administration of RB-1b-I significantly augmented NK cytotoxicity against YAC-1 tumor cells. RB-1b-I also showed potent anti-complementary activity in a dose-dependent manner via both alternative and classical pathways. Results indicated that Korean black raspberry wine contains peculiar polysaccharides which provide beneficial immuno-stimulating activities for human health.