• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.77-88
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• 2001

This study was conducted to examine middle and high school students' knowledge level of first aid, health promotion, and safety. Data were collected from 1.165 students from March 6, 2000 to April 4, 2000. The results of this study are summarized as follows. 1. 80.1％ of the respondents felt the necessity of first aid. The sources of information about methods of first aid were school (43.9％), mass media (15.6％), and self-study (10.5％). 30.0％ of them never learned the methods of first aid. 2. In the case of obtaining information on first aid through mass media, 58.2％ of them got it from TV. 7.3％ of them obtained it from magazines, while 5.8％ of them got it from newspapers. According to their viewpoints of adequate time to teach the methods of first aid, 38.6％ of them thought that the methods had to be taught in the primary school and 25.2％ of them thought that they had to be taught in the kindergarten. 24.9％ of them replied that the methods had to be taught in the middle school, while 11.3％ of them replied that they had to be taught in the high school. 3. The points for knowledge of first aid were 98.29:t20.91 on the basis of 150 points (65.5 points on the basis of 100 points). The points showed significant differences in the variables of sex, education level, numbers of siblings, parents' education level, and guardian's occupation.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.159-165
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to consider the home environment and awareness of elementary school students in the first grade of elementary school, and to find ways to support them. Participants were 31 1st graders in elementary schools nationwide. Data collection was conducted from June 6, 2017 to July 7, 2017. The focus group interview was used as a data collection method for this study. Results were analyzed as 'The Changing family environment that first graders think' and 'First graders' awareness of elementary school'. 'The Changing family environment that first graders think' include 'Changes in language used by parents', 'Changes in how parents and families live', and 'What to do after school'. 'First graders' awareness of elementary school' was analyzed as 'Awareness of Elementary school life', 'Awareness of peers', 'Awareness of homeroom teacher', and 'Awareness of learning'. As the conclusion of this study, we suggest that because the children have more free time than attending kindergarten, they need quality programs and support plans to support their first grade primary adjustment. Also, we propose a common problem facing first-year students: the difficulty of adjusting to study and support for how to study in an easier way.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.103-113
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the first aid knowledge and education requirements of physical therapists in a clinical setting. Methods: A self-reported questionnaire was distributed to 280 physical therapists in Daejeon, Gwangju, and Seoul from July to December, 2016. Using only completed questionnaires, 201 responses were analyzed using IBM SPSS 23.0 program. Results: In the first aid knowledge, time to resuscitate heart after cardiac arrest and sprain had 91.0% and 99.0%, respectively, whereas partial respiratory obstruction and diabetes mellitus had 25.4% and 18.9%, respectively. The subjects working at advanced general hospitals(62.17) had significantly higher scores that those at general hospitals(53.82). The subjects who experienced first aid education(59.16) had significantly higher points that those without first aid education(53.24). Regarding their requirements of first aid education, 64.0% replied that they wanted to learn cardiopulmonary resuscitation and automated external defibrillator, poisoning, burn, and frostbite were low educational requirements. Conclusion: It is necessary to provide repeated first aid training that helps physical therapists in the field have sufficient first aid knowledge and increase that knowledge over time.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.14-18
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• 2020

Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) has carried out various neutronics experiments in the commissioning stage of the Jordan Research and Training Reactor (JRTR), and this paper introduces the results of first criticality prediction and experiment for the JRTR. The Monte Carlo Code for Advanced Reactor Design and analysis (McCARD) with the ENDF/B-VII.0 nuclear library was used for prediction calculations in the process of the first criticality approach, which was performed to provide reference for the first criticality experiment. In the experiment, fuel loading was carried out by measuring the inverse multiplication factor (1/M) to predict the number of fuel assemblies at the first criticality, and the first critical was reached on April 25, 2016. Comparing the first criticality prediction and experiment, the calculated and measured CAR (Control Absorber Rod) heights for the first criticality were 575 mm and 570.5 mm, respectively, that is, the difference between the two results was approximately 5 mm. From this result, it was confirmed that JRTR manufacturing and various experiments had successfully progressed as designed.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.9.1-9.5
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• 2019

In previous studies, we demonstrated that some sites in the first intron likely regulate gene expression. In the present work, we sought to further confirm the functional relevance of first intron sites by estimating the quantity of rare alleles in the first intron. A basic hypothesis posited herein is that genomic regions carrying more functionally important sites will have a higher proportion of rare alleles. We estimated the proportions of rare single nucleotide polymorphisms with a minor allele frequency < 0.01 located in several histone marks in the first introns of various genes, and compared them with those in other introns and those in 2-kb upstream regions. As expected, rare alleles were found to be significantly enriched in most of the regulatory sites located in the first introns. Meanwhile, transcription factor binding sites were significantly more enriched in the 2-kb upstream regions (i.e., the regions of putative promoters of genes) than in the first introns. These results strongly support our proposal that the first intron sites of genes may have important regulatory functions in gene expression independent of promoters.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.26 no.11
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• pp.1511-1517
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• 2013

This study was performed to estimate the effect of age at first calving and first two calving intervals on productive life and life time profit in Korean Holsteins. Reproduction data of Korean Holsteins born from 1998 to 2004 and lactation data from 276,573 cows with birth and last dry date that calved between 2000 and 2010 were used for the analysis. Lifetime profit increased with the days of life span. Regression of Life Span on Lifetime profit indicated that there was an increase of 3,800 Won (approximately $3.45) of lifetime profit per day increase in life span. This is evidence that care of each cow is necessary to improve net return and important for farms maintaining profitable cows. The estimates of heritability of age at first calving, first two calving intervals, days in milk for lifetime, lifespan, milk income and lifetime profit were 0.111, 0.088, 0.142, 0.140, 0.143, 0.123, and 0.102, respectively. The low heritabilities indicated that the productive life and economical traits include reproductive and productive characteristics. Age at first calving and interval between first and second calving had negative genetic correlation with lifetime profit (-0.080 and -0.265, respectively). Reducing age at first calving and first calving interval had a positive effect on lifetime profit. Lifetime profit increased to approximately 2,600,000 (2,363.6) from 800,000 Won ($727.3) when age at first calving decreased to (22.3 month) from (32.8 month). Results suggested that reproductive traits such as age at first calving and calving interval might affect various economical traits and consequently influenced productive life and profitability of cows. In conclusion, regard of the age at first calving must be taken with the optimum age at first calving for maximum lifetime profit being 22.5 to 23.5 months. Moreover, considering the negative genetic correlation of first calving interval with lifetime profit, it should be reduced against the present trend of increase.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.4243-4247
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• 2013

The relationship between the X-ray repair cross-complementing group 3 (XRCC3) Thr241Met polymorphism and gliomas remains inclusive or controversial. For better understanding of the effect of XRCC3 Thr241Met polymorphism on glioma risk, a meta-analysis was performed. All eligible studies were identified through a search of PubMed, Elsevier Science Direct, Excerpta Medica Database (Embase) and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM) before May 2013. The association between the XRCC3 Thr241Met polymorphism and gliomas risk was conducted by odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). A total of nine case-control studies including 3,533 cases and 4,696 controls were eventually collected. Overall, we found that XRCC3 Thr241Met polymorphism was significantly associated with the risk of gliomas (T vs. C: OR=1.10, 95%CI=1.01-1.20, P=0.034; TT vs. CC: OR=1.30, 95%CI=1.03-1.65, P=0.027; TT vs. TC/CC: OR=1.29, 95%CI=1.01-1.64, P=0.039). In the subgroup analysis based on ethnicity, the significant association was found in Asian under four models (T vs. C: OR=1.17, 95%CI=1.07-1.28, P=0.00; TT vs. CC: OR=1.79, 95%CI=1.36-2.36, P=0.00; TT vs. TC/CC: OR=1.75, 95%CI=1.32-2.32, P=0.00; TT/TC vs. CC: OR=1.11,95% CI=1.02-1.20). This meta-analysis suggested that the XRCC3 Thr241Met polymorphism is a risk factor for gliomas, especially for Asians. Considering the limited sample size and ethnicities included in the meta-analysis, further large scale and well-designed studies are needed to confirm our results.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.929-934
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• 2013

Aim: To analyze the significance of different clinical factors for prognostic prediction in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients. Methods: Two hundred and twenty-seven DLBCL patients were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were managed with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP) regimen or rituximab plus the CHOP (RCHOP) regimen. Results: Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), ${\beta}2$-microglobulin (${\beta}2$-M), B symptoms, Ann Arbor stage and genetic subtypes were statistically relevant in predicting the prognosis of the overall survival (OS). In the CHOP group, the OS in patients with germinal center B-cell-like (GCB)(76.2%) was significantly higher than that of the non-GCB group (51.9%, P=0.032). With RCHOP management, there was no statistical difference in OS between the GCB (88.4%) and non-GCB groups (81.9%, P=0.288). Conclusion: Elevated LDH and ${\beta}2$-M levels, positive B symptoms, Ann Arbor stage III/IV, and primary nodal lymphoma indicate an unfavorable prognosis of DLBCL patients. Patients with GCB-like DLBCL have a better prognosis than those with non-GCB when treated with the CHOP regimen. The RCHOP treatment with the addition of rituximab can improve the prognosis of patients with DLBCL.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.247-254
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• 2017

Background: Hybrid coronary revascularization (HCR) was developed to combine the advantages of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). However, it is still controversial whether it is more optimal to perform CABG or PCI first. The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical outcomes of these 2 approaches. Methods: Eighty patients who underwent HCR from May 2010 to December 2015 were enrolled in this retrospective analysis. The CABG-first group comprised 12 patients and the PCI-first group comprised 68 patients. Outcomes of interest included in-hospital perioperative factors, major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs), and the incidence of repeated revascularization, especially for the target vessel lesion. Results: No significant difference was found in the amount of postoperative bleeding (p=0.239). The incidence of MACCEs was similar between the CABG-first and PCI-first groups (1 of 12 [8.3%] vs. 5 of 68 [7.4%], p>0.999). Repeated revascularization was performed on 3 patients (25%) in the CABG-first and 9 patients (13.2%) in the PCI-first group (p=0.376). Conclusion: There were no significant differences in postoperative and medium-term outcomes between the CABG-first and PCI-first groups. Based on these results, it can be inferred that it is safe to opt for either CABG or PCI as the primary procedure in 2-stage HCR.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.1691-1695
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• 2013

Objective: To evaluate the association between tea consumption and the risk of renal cell carcinoma. Methods: We searched PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus between 1970 and November 2012. Two evaluators independently reviewed and selected articles based on predetermined selection criteria. Results: Twelve epidemiological studies (ten case-control studies and two cohort studies) were included in the final analysis. In a meta-analysis of all included studies, when compared with the lowest level of tea consumption, the overall relative risk (RR) of renal cell carcinoma for the highest level of tea consumption was 1.03 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.89-1.21). In subgroup meta-analyses by study design, there was no significant association between tea consumption and renal cell carcinoma risk in ten case-control studies using adjusted data (RR=1.08, 95% CI 0.84-1.40). Furthermore, there was no significant association in two cohort studies using adjusted data (RR=0.95, 95% CI 0.81-1.12). Conclusion: Our findings do not support the conclusion that tea consumption is related to decreased risk of renal cell carcinoma. Further prospective cohort studies are required.