• Korean Educational Research Journal
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.85-108
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• 2019

This study examined the relationship between homeroom teachers' transformational leadership, high school students' satisfaction in school life, and learning motivation. The researchers selected boys and girls' general high school as the target population and gathered survey data. The number of participants was 606; these were students from first and second grades. Questionnaires on teachers' transformational leadership, students' learning motivation, and satisfaction in school life were measured. T-tests showed the following: As a result of the analysis of the difference of transformational leadership, the average of the teachers with careers spanning over 15 years was statistically significantly higher than those whose career spanned over less than 5 years. The group which perceived the transformational leadership of the homeroom teacher as high showed higher motivation scores than the group with lower perception. The means were statistically significant in all the sub-variables. In school - life satisfaction, the average of the former group which perceived the transformative leadership of the homeroom teacher as high was significantly higher than that of the other group.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.457-461
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• 2007

We investigated the effects of both $CaCl_2$ treatment and modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) (compared with non-packaging on 'Fuji' apples from the Young-Joo region of Korea. Apples were dined into 5% (w/v) $CaCl_2$ solution for 15 min and then packaged with or without LDPE film (thickness: 0.025 mm) before cold storage at $0^{\circ}C$. Weight loss of applies in film packaging was lower than that of non-packaging applies, and the apple firmness resulting from $CaCl_2$ treatment and MAP was better than that of apples receiving control treatment. Also, $CaCl_2$ treatment and MAP resulted in improvements in titratable acidity, soluble solid content (SSC), and decay rate compared to control treatments. However, no significant differences in vitamin C content were found amongst apples receiving various treatment. the results suggest that a combination of postharvest calcium dipping and plastic film packaging may effectively preserve 'Fuji' apples, and that the combined treatment are better than either individual treatment.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.291-295
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• 1999

$NiFe/Co/Al_2O_3/Co/IrMn$ tunneling junctions were grown on (100)Si wafer and their spin-valve tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) was studied. The tunneling junctions were grown by using a 5-gun RF/DC magnetron sputter. $Al_2O_3$ barrier layer was formed by exposing Al layer to oxygen atmosphere at 6$0^{\circ}C$ for 72 hours. Strong exchange coupling interaction is observed between the ferromagnetic Co and the antiferromagnetic IrMn of Co/IrMn bilayer when IrMn is 100$\AA$ thick. $NiFe(183\;{\AA})/Co(17\;{\AA})/Al_2O_3(16\;{\AA})/Co(100\;{\AA})/IrMn(100\;{\AA})$ tunneling junction shows best TMR ratio of about 10% in the applied magnetic field range of $\pm$20 Oe. The TMR ratio is improved about 23% and electrical resistance is decreased about 34% when annealed at 200 $^{\circ}C$ for 1 hour in magnetic field of 330 Oe, parallel to the bottom electrode. With increasing the active area of junction the TMR ratio increases while electrical resistance decreases.

• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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• v.131
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• pp.273-301
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• 2014

This study aims to reconstruct Leibniz's theodicy. Theodicy is to defense of the highest wisdom of the creator against the charge which reason brings against it for whatever is the evil in the world. For this defense, Leibniz created his own new kind of concepts: the principle of sufficient reason, the principle of perfection, the best of all possible worlds, moral necessity. Leibniz's theodicy is developed as following. Most good and wisest God created this world freely by moral necessity. God's will was to choose the goods antecedently. But God's will could not create goods only. For God's final purpose is to create the best. For this reason, it happens that the evils may come about by concomitance, and as a result of other greater goods. Therefore the evils are necessary in the world. And evil consists in imperfection. Man has free will as God. Freedom, according to Leibniz, consists in intelligence, which involves a clear knowledge of the object of deliberation. Man has freedom, but man's freedom is imperfect. Evil is originated in man's imperfect freedom.

• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
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• no.59
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• pp.121-153
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• 2018

The eight most prominent students of Lee Jin Sang discussed and developed the doctrines of the Master while discussing with the surrounding Toegye scholars. The purpose of this paper is to examine the differences between the doctrines of Toegye and the doctrines of Hanju in their discussions. First, the two were originally aimed at the same scholarship, so they discussed in a friendly atmosphere and some of the Toegye scholars participated in Hanju group. but at a certain point, they were a violent atmosphere of confrontation. Next, I tried to clarify the confrontation between Juli and Jeugli. And I tried to explain that they had different thoughts about domination of li. In addition, I looked at the meaning of excessiveness and compromise, the key words to criticize others and defend oneself. Finally, I explained that the ultimate difference between the two schools is in the methods of mind cultivation.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.47
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• pp.241-271
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• 2017

Film color is equivalent to other elements of film, including narrative, and has a textual meaning according to the identity of expression. In general, red has a function of focusing attention, and the meaning derived from it is diffused. In the interaction of text and context, the function of concentration and the meaning of diffusion can be presented. The concept of concentration and diffusion is shaped by the relationship between independent colors, colors and other cinematic elements, and interactions between colors. In order to confirm this, this study analyzes a series of popular Korean films, how film colors interact, and in particular, the concentration function of red and the meaning of proliferation. The results of this study are as follows. First, in Korean popular films, at its most basic, red symbolizes a nation, a people, and a nation. The red of nationalism surrounding ethnicity, nationality and country visualizes ideology and conflict. The purpose of an individual or group, the relationship between the offender and the victim is mediated through red. The flag, the name tag, the costume appearing in the film are red. This can be seen in films such as Train to Busan, Assassination, Masquerade, Miracle in Cell No.7, Brotherhood of War, Northern Limit Line, Joint Security Area, Welcome to Dongmakgol, and May 18. Second, the red color attached to the female body fixes or strengthens socio-cultural sexuality and gender. The examples are films like Ode to My Father, The Thieves, The Host, Purpose Of Love, Sunny, Like A Virgin, Forbidden Quest, Untold Scandal, Bewitching Attraction, and Ssanghwajeom. Third, the blood red in Korean films is a visual device that directs magical horror, anger, and asceticism. Such films include The Neighbors, Bunshinsaba, R-Point, A Tale Of Two Sisters, Whispering Corridors, The Uninvited, Thirst, SECTOR 7, Asura:The City of Madness, The Tiger, Veteran, and so on. Fourth, red of tears constitutes the specific emotions such as a beautiful desire and a brilliant tragedy in films like King and The Clown, Oldboy, Memories of Murder, 26 Years, The Attorney, Unbowed, Sympathy For Lady Vengeance, Happy End, Punch, Calling, The Yellow Sea, and He's on Duty.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.187-198
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• 2020

With the cultural background of whiteness I did examine the universal meaning of absolute good, the special of psychosis, and the fantastic of femininity and memory/record. As an example I analyzed the symbolic meaning of white used in Korean films. Unconditional goodness, white as a generality: White color in all the films of good-evil confrontation falls into this category. The most obvious and the simplest configuration are the black-white dichotomy. In Nameless Gangster: Rules of Time(2011), The Merciless(2016), Asura: The City of Madness(2016) and The Bad Guys: Reign of Chaos(2019), white is the absolute good but it is not limited to a fair key figure. Paradoxically, black is not given only to the side of absolute evil. White is used to be a flexible visual device that reflects the socio-political situation without changing the meaning of the general good. Psychosis and pills, white as a peculiarity: The visual function that emphasizes sado-masochism in the absolute good and the universal symbol of white extends to psychotic specificities such as hysteria. In all the films creating horror, white symbolizes the mentally disabled and the pill for healing. Femininity and haunted white: White of absolute good is expressed by the socio-cultural tendency of femininity and the black-white contrast of vision is applied to the gender difference. In general the women's sexuality is emphasized in color red, but white is arranged in the background. In TaeGukGi: Brotherhood Of War(2004), 71: Into The Fire(2010), My Way(2011), The Front Line(2011), Roaring Currents(2014), Northern Limit Line(2015), The Battle: Roar to Victory(2019) and Battle of Jangsari(2019), white given to female figures sticks to the traditional femininity such as motherhood, sacrifice and weakness. The concept of specters is applied to desires, memories/records, history, fantasy, virtual/reality and social media images. The film history capturing to list memories and moments brings up the specters of socio-political genealogy. Most of films aiming for socio-political change are its examples and white constituting Mise-en-scene records to remember a historical event in Peppermint Candy(2000), The Attorney(2013) and A Taxi Driver(2017).

• Journal of Popular Narrative
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.159-190
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• 2019

This paper aims to examine to the political unconsciousness of social movies that have caused social repercussions in the 2010s, and to study the social imagination of Korean films at that time. Korean Movies such as (2013), <1987>(2017) and (2017) reflect the ethos of civil society based on common sense and justice. The epic structure was the same as that of ordinary citizens, who move toward a public space (court, square) after awakening their political correctness. More than anything else, the fact that such films were based on "a historical fact" could have been a strategy to avoid censorship in the era of the blacklist. In these social films, courts and squares have become places for democracy. The conservative government of the time was tired of anti-government resistance and the politics of the square. Thus, films from directors and producers blacklisted were difficult to produce. That's why the court in the movie during this period could become a symbolic proxy for the "legitimate" reenactment of the politics of the square, which was subject to censorship and avoidance by the regime of the time. Meanwhile, the square has gradually become the main venue for political films that advocate "historic true stories." The square of the 1980s, which appeared in the movies, will be connected to the Gwanghwamun candlelight square that audiences experienced in 2017. Furthermore, it was able to reach the concept of an abstract square as an "open space for democracy." At the foundation of these works is a psychological framework that equates the trauma of the failed democratic movement of the 1980s to the trauma of the failed progressive movement of the 2010s. Through this study, we were able to see that social political films in the 2010s were quite successful, emphasizing "political correctness" and constitutional common sense. But they also had limitations as "de-political popular films" that failed to show imagination beyond the censorship of the blacklist era.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.219-228
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• 1990

Whey proteins in milk were analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and compared with respect to electrophoregrams, densitograms and concentrations of whey proteins in raw and market milk classified according to 3 kinds of pasteurization by low temperature long time. high temperature short time and ultra-high temperature short time. Relative composition of major whey protein constituents such as bovine serum albumin, ${\alpha}\;-\;lactalbumin\;and\;{\beta}-lactoglobulin$ in raw milk were 3.71:11.44:84.85 and not affected by low temperature long time and high temperature short time pasteurization, even though there were the tendencies of some declining in the actual concentrations. But by ultra-high temperature short time pasteurization compositions of whey protein were changed to 0: 64.75: 35 in which reflected the disapprearance of bovine serum albumin and the extensive decrease of ${\beta}-lactoglobulin$. Storage of low temperature pasteurized milk at $5^{\circ}C$ resulted in a slight decrease of ${\alpha}\;-\;lactalbumin\;a\;{\beta}-lactoglobulin$, but storage at $25^{\circ}C$ did not make any changes until3rd days of storage. Most of whey proteins in high temperature short time pasteurized milk were not affected during storage at $5^{\circ}C\;and\;25^{\circ}C$, but bovine serum albumin and ${\alpha}\;-lactalbumin$ diminished in 2-3 days of storage. Whey proteins of milk treated with ultra-high temeperature were not affected during storage at $5^{\circ}C\;and\;25^{\circ}C$ except a slight decrease of ${\alpha}\;-lactalbumin$ in 2nd day of storage at $5^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2018

We conducted research to develop a solidification agent for the ground surface reinforcement method in which activator is fused by recycling pig iron slag, which is a byproduct generated in the steel making process. The purpose of this research is to solve the problems of surface soil by improving the strength and durability of foundation soil such as soil loss, settlement, sinkhole, etc. by recycling pig iron slag from disused or landfilled steelworks. For this purpose, the possibility of using pig iron slag as a solidification soil was evaluated by the compressive strength, elution test of harmful materials, permeability coefficient test. As a result of the compressive strength test, the values of the strength of the curing 28 days of the solidified soil having the solidification agent mixing ratio of 12% were found to be 0.93, 0.96 and 1.3 MPa, respectively, satisfying the required strength value of 1 MPa, In the case of permeability coefficients, the minimum values were $4.1{\times}10^{-8}$, $7.0{\times}10^{-7}$, and $1.7{\times}10^{-7}cm/sec$, respectively, at the solidification agent mixing rate of 12%. In addition, as a result of the elution test of harmful materials, a small amount was detected in the item of hexavalent chromium but satisfied the inclusion criteria, and in the remaining items, heavy metals were not eluted.